CN105717030B - A kind of single abrasive grain high speed is continuous to scratch testing machine and its application - Google Patents
A kind of single abrasive grain high speed is continuous to scratch testing machine and its application Download PDFInfo
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- CN105717030B CN105717030B CN201610077965.XA CN201610077965A CN105717030B CN 105717030 B CN105717030 B CN 105717030B CN 201610077965 A CN201610077965 A CN 201610077965A CN 105717030 B CN105717030 B CN 105717030B
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 140
- 239000006061 abrasive grain Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000006748 scratching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 230000002393 scratching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011224 oxide ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052574 oxide ceramic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 CBN Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
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Abstract
Include mainly fixed seat the invention discloses a kind of continuous scratching testing machine of single abrasive grain high speed and its application, workbench, electro spindle, test specimen, X repaiies disk device, measuring system, tool setting gauge etc. to feed arrangement, differential head, clamping device, tool heads；After disk being repaiied to surface of test piece by repairing disk device, electro spindle drives test specimen rotation, drive tool heads with certain cutting-in along test specimen radial feed to feed arrangement by differential head and X, abrasive grain scratches to form spiral scratch in surface of test piece, measuring system gathered data in the process.The present invention can accurately measure single abrasive grain scratching power under high-speed condition, and measuring accuracy is higher, and test result can be used for the further investigation of grinding mechanism, to optimize grinding parameter, improves product quality.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs in being machined testing of materials and precise and ultraprecise machining field, and in particular to a kind of single
The continuous scratching testing machine of abrasive grain high speed and its application.
Background technology
It is irregular that grinding process can regard that abrasive surface largely arranges as, is distributed irregular different abrasive grain
The cutting process completed jointly.In scientific research, complicated phenomenon is often abstracted into a kind of pattern of simplification, to inquire into some most
The problem of essence.The shear action for constituting the tiny abrasive grain of grinding wheel is the basis of grinding, and single abrasive grain cutting is as grinding
The basic model of processing becomes a kind of important means of the complicated ablation of understanding.Ohbuchi Y. and Matsuo T. earliest into
Single abrasive grain scratching of having gone is tested.Subsequent numerous scholars have experimentally done a large amount of work in single abrasive grain scratching, single for research
Abrasive grain scratching provides strong guidance.But existing experimental facilities remains some shortcomings, such as existing
Mono-pendulum type scratching (tool heads are motionless with rotation, workpiece) in scratching equipment can only achieve grinding speed 100m/s, and general
Plane scratches mode (tool heads are motionless, workpiece rotation) since rotating speed is low, is not easy dynamic balancing, and actual wipe speed is only ground
The 1/10 of speed causes single abrasive grain scratching speed when test to be far below the speed in practical grinding process, obtained test knot
Fruit can not accurately reflect actual grinding process.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention in place of overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of continuous scratching of single abrasive grain high speed
Testing machine and its application can accurately measure grinding force under high-speed condition, and measuring accuracy is higher, and test result can be used for grinding
The further investigation for cutting processing mechanism improves product quality to optimize grinding parameter.
One of the technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is：
A kind of single abrasive grain continuously scratches testing machine, including：
Fixed seat；
Horizontally disposed workbench is fixed at the top of fixed seat；
Vertically arranged electro spindle is fixed in fixed seat, and electro spindle is pierced by workbench upwards；
Test specimen is fixed at the top of electro spindle and coaxial with electro spindle, is passed through electro spindle and is driven test specimen rotation；
X is installed in workbench to feed arrangement, and direction of feed perpendicular to electro spindle axis of rotation and along test specimen it is radial into
It gives；
Clamping device is installed in X to feed arrangement；
Tool heads are dismantledly installed in clamping device；Tool heads top is connected with abrasive grain；
For making tool heads along the differential head for being parallel to the feeding of electro spindle axis of rotation direction, it is fixed in clamping device；
Disk device is repaiied for repair disk to surface of test piece, is dismantledly installed in clamping device；
Measuring system for acquiring scratching process data, is connected with tool heads；
Tool setting gauge is fixed in workbench, which is equipped with the Z-axis zero setter for adjusting tool setting gauge；
After repairing disk to surface of test piece by repairing disk device, electro spindle drives test specimen rotation, is filled to feeding by differential head and X
It sets and drives tool heads with certain cutting-in along test specimen radial feed, abrasive grain scratches to form spiral scratch in surface of test piece, measures system
System gathered data in the process.
In one embodiment：The fixed seat includes upper and lower affixed lathe bed and pedestal；The workbench is fixed in lathe bed top
Portion；The electro spindle is fixed in lathe bed；
It is equipped with an energy leveling between the workbench and fixed seat and supports the adjusting apparatus of workbench；
It is connected with supporting rack on the workbench, which includes symmetrically arranged length not two equal support arms,
One is equipped between shorter support arm and workbench can adjust the micromatic setting of shorter support arm height；The X is to feed arrangement
It is fixed at the top of two support arms；Shorter support arm height is adjusted to adjust X to feed arrangement feeding side by micromatic setting
To；The least displacement resolution ratio of the micromatic setting is better than 10nm.
In one embodiment：The end face run-out amount and radial beat eccentricity of the electro spindle rotation are respectively less than 1 μm, and its maximum turns
Speed is not less than 5000rpm.
In one embodiment：The test specimen is non-ferrous metal, disc-shaped structure made of ferrous metal or crisp and hard material；Test specimen
It is fixed at the top of electro spindle by piece fixture；The piece fixture is vacuum cup, magnetic-disc or mechanical clips；Electricity is main
Axis, piece fixture and test specimen three are coaxial；
The abrasive grain is diamond, CBN, oxide ceramics or nitride ceramics；The shape of abrasive grain is spherical, taper；It should
Abrasive grain is fixed in tool heads top by pressure head, soldering, plating.
In one embodiment：X is better than 0.1 μm to the carry precision of feed arrangement；The minimum division value of differential head is not more than 0.5
μm；The positioning accuracy of Z-axis zero setter is better than 0.1 μm.
In one embodiment：The measuring system be dynamometer and acoustic emission system, including mutual signal connection dynamometer,
Acoustic emission system, data collecting card and signal amplifier；The tool heads are connected with dynamometer and acoustic emission system；The survey
The intrinsic frequency of power instrument is higher than 4KHz, and dynamometry precision is better than 0.01N；The sample rate of the data collecting card is higher than 2M/s.
In one embodiment：The clamping device includes upper fixture body, lower clamp body and knife bar；Upper fixture body and lower clamp body
It is connected up and down, and is equipped with the circular hole up and down and being interconnected in the two, inside necking at the circular hole lower openings
Form step structure；Knife bar adaptation sliding installation can move up and down in circular hole and in circular hole, and knife bar top has bulge loop knot
Structure, the outer surface of revolution of bulge loop structure form clearance fit with circular hole side wall in lower clamp body；Lower clamp body is stretched out in knife bar lower part；It is described
Tool heads are dismantledly screwed onto knife bar lower part；
The differential head is installed in upper fixture body, the mandrel of differential head extend downwardly into circular hole and separably contact in knife
On bar；It is rotated by differential head and the downward contact knife bar of mandrel is so that knife bar moves down；Between bulge loop structure and step structure
It is additionally provided with the elastic component for making knife bar reset upwards.
In one embodiment：The disk device of repairing is installed in clamping device with tool heads and knife bar replacement, including is installed in one
Rise repair dise knife tool and repair dise knife bar, repair dise knife bar be adapted to sliding installation in the circular hole of clamping device and can in circular hole up and down
It is mobile；Dise knife tool is repaiied to be fixed in and repair dise knife bar lower end；
Or,
The disk device of repairing includes the power head being connected and single-point bistrique.
In one embodiment：The dise knife tool of repairing is diamond bit, CBN lathe tools.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems second is that：
Single above-mentioned abrasive grain continuously scratches the test method of testing machine, including：
1) test specimen is fixed on electro spindle, test specimen can be rotated by electro spindle；On-line dynamic balancing is carried out to the test specimen；
2) electro spindle drives test specimen rotation, use repair disk device under the drive of differential head with certain cutting-in and in X to feeding
Along test specimen radial feed under device drive, cuts test specimen radially outside from test specimen and the surface of test piece is carried out to repair disk, to try
Part surface forms and repaiies disk area；
3) reading of differential head is z when note repaiies disk1, control X and fed to feed arrangement and differential head, make to repair the touching of disk device
Z-axis zero setter remembers that the reading of differential head at this time is z2, then repair surface of test piece after disk repair disk area and tool setting gauge to knife plane
Difference in height h0=z1-z2；Change the outfit tool heads, ibid touches Z-axis zero setter, and controls differential head and move up h0+ δ can guarantee tool
Crown end is located at test specimen circular ring shape and repaiies in disk area plane at δ, completes to knife；
4) tool heads level is moved to feed arrangement by X and is repaiied right over the scratching point of disk area, and pass through differential head
Move down δ+apSo that scratching depth is ap；According to the scratching radius R where scratching speed v and the scratching point that need to be tested, pass throughThe setting speed n of calculation testing piece；Test specimen is rotated according to setting speed n, and tool heads by X to feed arrangement edge
Radial feed, so that abrasive grain scratches to form spiral scratch repairing disk area, measurement during this by being connected with tool heads
Data during system acquisition scratching.
Compared with the background art, it has the following advantages that the technical program：
The continuous scratching testing machine of single abrasive grain high speed of the present invention, using repairing disk Tool Control surface of test piece quality so that
Abrasive grain and test specimen can be contacted steadily during scratching, reach smaller stable scratch depth, ensure the high-precision of scratching process；
And test specimen rotation is driven and scratching mode that tool heads are radially fed using high-speed electric main shaft, it realizes and scratches at high speed；To
Realize high speed, high-precision single abrasive grain continuously scratches test；Meanwhile the continuous scratching examination of single abrasive grain high speed of the invention
The machine of testing can provide stable state scratching process, and accurate acquisition cutting force, acoustic emission signal are easier than mono-pendulum type scratching test method
The physical quantity of equal scoring processes；Its test result can be used for the further investigation of grinding mechanism, to optimize grinding
Parameter improves product quality.
Description of the drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is the schematic elevation view that single abrasive grain of the invention continuously scratches testing machine.
Fig. 2 is the schematic top plan view that single abrasive grain of the invention continuously scratches testing machine.
Fig. 3 is the close-up schematic view that single abrasive grain of the invention continuously scratches testing machine, shows that X is filled to feeding in figure
It sets, differential head, clamping device, the connection relation of tool heads and associated components.
Fig. 4 is the clamping device structural schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is A-A diagrammatic cross-sections in Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 repaiies disk apparatus structure schematic diagram for the present invention's.
Fig. 7 is the comparison of surface of test piece three-dimensional appearance before and after repairing disk in experimental example of the present invention, and wherein Fig. 7 a are (warp before repairing disk
Conventional smart car technique processing), Fig. 7 b are after repairing disk.
Fig. 8 is the comparison of surface of test piece end face run-out amount before and after repairing disk in experimental example of the present invention, and wherein Fig. 8 a are before repairing disk
(being processed through conventional smart car technique), end face run-out amount maximum value is up to 17.7 μm；Fig. 8 b are after repairing disk, and end face run-out amount is most
Big value is 2.9 μm.
Fig. 9 is the three-dimensional appearance of cut and its cross sectional shape figure (20 μm of depth of scratching) in the embodiment of the present invention, wherein scheming
9a is the three-dimensional appearance schematic diagram of cut, and Fig. 9 b are the cross sectional shape figure of cut.
Figure 10 is that the cutting force change schematic diagram under different scratching speed, wherein Figure 10 a are method in the embodiment of the present invention
To cutting force, Figure 10 b are cutting force.
Reference numeral：Pedestal 1, lathe bed 2, electro spindle 3, adjusting screw 4, workbench 5, micromatic setting 6, supporting rack 7, Z axis
Setting apparatus 8, X is to linear motor 9, differential head 10, dynamometer 11, clamping device 12, fixing screws 12a, upper fixture body 12b, bullet
Spring 12c, lower clamp body 12d, knife bar 13, tool heads 14, test specimen 15, piece fixture 16 repair disk device 17, repair dise knife bar 17a, repair
Dise knife has 17b.
Specific implementation mode
Present disclosure is illustrated below by embodiment：
Embodiment
Please referring to Fig. 1 to Fig. 6, a kind of single abrasive grain continuously scratches testing machine, including：
Fixed seat, including the affixed lathe bed 2 of blending bolt and pedestal 1 are arranged up and down；Lathe bed 2 is cast-iron structure, Ke Yibao
The overall stiffness of confirmatory test machine is provided simultaneously with certain vibration absorption ability；
Horizontally disposed workbench 5 is fixed in 2 top of lathe bed；It is equipped with an adjusting apparatus between workbench 5 and lathe bed 2, is
Adjusting screw 4 is used for leveling worktable 5, and plays certain supporting role to workbench 5, to increase the rigidity of workbench 5；Work
It is pore structure to make 5 middle part of platform；
Vertically arranged electro spindle 3 is fixed in lathe bed 2, and electro spindle 3 is pierced by work from the pore structure of workbench 5 upwards
Make platform 5；The electro spindle 3 can be motor direct-connected main shaft or motor through intermediate transmission, speed change gear driving spindle, rotation
The end face run-out amount and radial beat eccentricity turned is respectively less than 1 μm, and its maximum (top) speed is not less than 5000rpm；
Test specimen 15, it is solid by piece fixture 16 for disc-shaped structure made of non-ferrous metal, ferrous metal or crisp and hard material
It is connected on 3 top of electro spindle；The piece fixture 16 is vacuum cup, magnetic-disc or mechanical clips；When test specimen 15 is relatively thin or
Test specimen 15 selects vacuum cup when being hard brittle material, and magnetic-disc can be selected when test specimen 15 is ferrimagnet；Electro spindle 3, examination
Part fixture 16 and 15 three of test specimen are coaxial；Test specimen 15 is driven to carry out high speed rotation by electro spindle 3；
To feed arrangement, the X for carry precision better than 0.1 μm is controlled to linear motor 9 by feed control system X；Institute
It states and is connected with supporting rack 7 on workbench 5, which includes two support arms that symmetrical affixed length does not wait, shorter branch
One is equipped between brace and workbench 5 can adjust the micromatic setting 6 of shorter support arm height；Longer support arm is directly fixed in
On workbench 5；The X is horizontally fixed on to linear motor 9 at the top of two support arms；The micromatic setting 6 is manual fine-tuning
Knob, least displacement resolution ratio is for 10nm or more preferably；By micromatic setting 6 adjust shorter support arm height, to adjust X to
The direction of feed of linear motor 9 makes it perpendicular to 3 axis of rotation of electro spindle, so that X can be radial along test specimen 15 to linear motor 9
Feeding；
Clamping device 12 is fixed in X to linear motor 9, as shown in figure 4, including upper fixture body 12b, lower clamp body 12d and
Knife bar 13 etc., wherein：Upper fixture body 12b and lower clamp body 12d is connected up and down by two soket head cap screws, and the two
It is interior to be equipped with up and down and interconnected circular hole, at the circular hole lower openings inside necking form step structure；Knife bar 13 is suitable
It can be moved up and down in circular hole and in circular hole with sliding installation, 13 top of knife bar has bulge loop structure, is turned round outside bulge loop structure
Face forms clearance fit with circular hole side wall in lower clamp body 12d；Lower clamp body 12b is stretched out in 13 lower part of knife bar and lower face is equipped with spiral shell
Pit；
For making tool heads along the differential head 10 for being parallel to the feeding of electro spindle axis of rotation direction, minimum division value is 0.5 μ
M is fixed in upper fixture body 12b by fixing screws 12a, and the mandrel of differential head extends downwardly into circular hole and separably contact exists
On knife bar 13；By the rotation of differential head 10 and the downward contact knife bar 13 of mandrel is so that knife bar 13 moves down；Bulge loop structure and platform
The spring 12c for making knife bar 13 reset upwards is additionally provided between stage structure；In this way, mandrel can be made to push away by rotating differential head 10
Moving knife bar 13 moves down, and the step structure of the bulge loop structure and lower clamp body 12d of knife bar 13 is withstood at the both ends of spring 12c, when
When rotation differential head 10 can be such that mandrel moves up, knife bar 13 can be moved up in the case where spring 12c replys force effect；
Tool heads 14, top is connected with abrasive grain；The abrasive grain can be diamond, CBN (cubic boron nitride), oxide pottery
Porcelain or nitride ceramics；The shape of abrasive grain can be spherical, taper, cone, polygonal pyramid shape；The abrasive grain by pressure head, soldering,
Plating is fixed in 14 top of tool heads；14 tail portion of the tool heads is external thread structure, passes through the external thread structure and knife bar 13
Corresponding threaded holes so that tool heads 14 are dismantledly screwed onto 13 lower part of knife bar；
Disk device 17 is repaiied for repair disk to surface of test piece, clamping dress is installed in tool heads 14 and the replacement of knife bar 13
12 are set, as shown in fig. 6, it includes that the dise knife of repairing being connected has 17b and repaiies dise knife bar 17a that this, which repaiies disk device 17, repaiies dise knife bar
17a is adapted to can move up and down in the circular hole of clamping device 12 and in circular hole with the replacement sliding installation of knife bar 13；Repair dise knife bar
There is another bulge loop structure, the outer surface of revolution of another bulge loop structure to form gap with circular hole side wall in lower clamp body 12d on the tops 17a
Cooperation；It repaiies the lower parts dise knife bar 17a and stretches out lower clamp body；The mandrel of differential head 10 extends downwardly into circular hole and separably contact is being repaiied
On dise knife bar 17a；It repaiies dise knife bar 17a by the rotation of differential head 10 and the downward contact of mandrel and is moved down so as to repair dise knife bar 17a；
The spring 12c for making knife bar 13 reset upwards can also be installed between another bulge loop structure and step structure, be used
It is resetted upwards in making to repair dise knife bar 17a；The dise knife tool 17b that repaiies is fixed in and repaiies the lower ends dise knife bar 17a, is diamond bit, CBN
Lathe tool；When test specimen 15 is ferrous metal it is preferable to use CBN lathe tools, the preferred diamond bit when test specimen 15 is non-ferrous metal；
Alternatively, it may be the power head with single-point bistrique to repair disk device, for test specimen made of ferrous metal and hard brittle material
Repair disk；Further include,
Measuring system for acquiring scratching process data is dynamometer and acoustic emission system, including the connection of mutual signal
Dynamometer 11, acoustic emission system, data collecting card and signal amplifier；Dynamometer 11 is fixed on X to 9 mover of linear motor
On；The clamping device can be fixed on dynamometer 11；The tool heads 14 are connected with dynamometer 11 and acoustic emission system；
The intrinsic frequency of the dynamometer 11 is higher than 4KHz, and dynamometry precision is better than 0.01N；The sample rate of the data collecting card is higher than
2M/s；
Tool setting gauge is fixed in workbench, which is equipped with the Z-axis zero setter 8 for adjusting tool setting gauge, Z axis setting
The positioning accuracy of device is better than 0.1 μm.
Above-mentioned single abrasive grain continuously scratches the test method of testing machine, including：
1) test specimen 15 is fixed on electro spindle 3, test specimen 15 can be rotated by electro spindle 3；The test specimen 15 is carried out online
Dynamic balancing；
2) electro spindle 3 drives test specimen 15 to rotate, repair disk device 17 under the drive of differential head 10 with certain cutting-in and in X to straight
Along 15 radial feed of test specimen under the drive of line motor 9, cuts test specimen 15 radially outside from test specimen 15 and 15 surface of test specimen is carried out
Disk is repaiied, disk area is repaiied to form circular ring shape in surface of test piece；The surface quality that test specimen repaiies disk area can for example reach axial jump
Momentum is better than IT1 grades, and surface average roughness Ra is better than 3nm；
3) reading of differential head 10 is z when note repaiies disk1, control X and fed to linear motor 9 and differential head 10, make to repair disk dress
17 touching Z-axis zero setters 8 are set, remember that the reading of differential head 10 at this time is z2, then disk area is repaiied and to knife in 15 surface of test specimen after repairing disk
The difference in height h to knife plane of instrument0=z1-z2；The tool heads that change the outfit 14 are ibid touched Z-axis zero setter 8, and are controlled on differential head 10
Move h0+ δ can guarantee that 14 top abrasive grain of tool heads is located at 15 circular ring shape of test specimen and repaiies in disk area plane at δ, complete to knife；
4) 14 level of tool heads is moved to linear motor 9 by X and is repaiied right over the scratching point of disk area, and pass through differential
First 10 move down δ+apSo that scratching depth is ap；According to the scratching radius R where scratching speed v and the scratching point that need to be tested, pass throughThe setting speed n of calculation testing piece 15；Test specimen 15 is rotated according to setting speed n, and tool heads 14 by X to straight line
Motor 9 is along 15 radial feed of test specimen so that abrasive grain scratches to form spiral scratch repairing disk area, during this by with tool
Data during first 14 connected measuring system acquisition scratchings.
Experimental example
Testing machine is continuously scratched using single abrasive grain of the embodiment of the present invention to be tested：
1) the aluminum alloy round dish type test specimen 15 of diameter 400mm, thickness 20mm are fixed with modes such as screw or vacuum cups
On electro spindle 3, test specimen 15 can be rotated by electro spindle 3；On-line dynamic balancing is carried out to the test specimen 15 with dynamic balance instrument, to reduce
The vibration of test specimen 15 when rotating at high speed, to ensure that abrasive grain and test specimen 15 can be contacted steadily during scratching；
2) electro spindle 3 drives test specimen 15 to rotate, and it is diamond bit to repair dise knife tool 17b, with one under the drive of differential head 10
Determine cutting-in and in the case where X drives to linear motor 9 along 15 radial feed of test specimen, cuts test specimen 15 radially outside from test specimen 15 to this
15 surface of test specimen carries out repairing disk, specifically, first can repair disk with polycrystalline diamond single-point lathe tool, then with single-crystal diamond single-point vehicle
Knife repaiies disk, and 2.8 μm of end face run-out amount is formed on 1 surface of test specimen, and the circular ring shape of surface average roughness Ra 3nm repaiies disk area 3,
To reduce by 1 end face run-out amount of test specimen, surface quality is improved, is further ensured that during scratching that abrasive grain and test specimen 15 can steadily connect
It touches：
2-1) polycrystalline diamond single-point lathe tool repaiies disk：The close turning pattern of vertical superfinishing, the rotating speed of test specimen 15 is when repairing disk
3000rpm, polycrystalline diamond single-point lathe tool is from 15 outside of test specimen with 10 μm of cutting-in along 15 radial feed of test specimen, feed speed model
It encloses for 0.4~1.2mm/s, feeding distance 100mm；
2-2) single-crystal diamond single-point lathe tool repaiies disk：The close turning pattern of vertical superfinishing, the rotating speed of test specimen 15 is when repairing disk
3000rpm, single-crystal diamond single-point lathe tool is from 15 outside of test specimen with 2 μm of cutting-in along 15 radial feed of test specimen, feed speed model
It encloses for 0.1~0.3mm/s, feeding distance 100mm；
Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 are shown in the comparison for repairing 15 three-dimensional surface shape of test specimen and end face run-out amount before and after disk respectively；
3) reading of differential head 10 is z when note repaiies disk1, control X and fed to linear motor 9 and differential head 10, make diamond
Lathe tool touches Z-axis zero setter 8, remembers that the reading of differential head 10 at this time is z2, then disk area is repaiied and to knife in 15 surface of test specimen after repairing disk
The difference in height h to knife plane of instrument0=z1-z2；The tool heads that change the outfit 14 are ibid touched Z-axis zero setter 8, and are controlled on differential head 10
Move h0+ δ can guarantee that 14 top abrasive grain of tool heads is located at 15 circular ring shape of test specimen and repaiies in disk area plane at δ, complete to knife, thus
Ensure that when follow-up test scratching depth can be accurately controlled；
4) 14 level of tool heads is moved to linear motor 9 by X and is repaiied right over the scratching point of disk area, and pass through differential
First 10 move down δ+apSo that scratching depth is ap；According to the scratching radius R where scratching speed v and the scratching point that need to be tested, pass throughThe setting speed n of calculation testing piece 15；Among the present embodiment, n=10000rpm, scratching speed v is that 157m is (right
Answer the positions R=150mm)~209m/s (positions corresponding R=200mm), scratching depth apIt is respectively set as 5 μm or 20 μm；Test specimen
15 rotate according to above-mentioned setting speed n, and tool heads 14 are radially fed with the speed of 2m/s, so that abrasive grain is repairing disk area stroke
It wipes and forms the continuous helical shape cut that spacing is 200 μm, the cut number of turns is more than 3；The three-dimensional appearance and its cross sectional shape of cut
Figure is as shown in Figure 9, it can be seen that the depth direction error between multiple tracks cut is less than 1 μm/1mm；During this by with tool
Data during first 14 connected measuring system acquisition scratchings, and data collecting card is transmitted to by signal amplifier, then pass
It transports to computer to be calculated, the physical quantitys such as scratching power, acoustic emission signal can be obtained.
Figure 10 gives the cutting force situation of change under different scratching speed, and as can be seen from the figure single abrasive grain high speed is drawn
Normal force and tangential force during wiping reduce with the increase of scratching speed.
The above, only present pre-ferred embodiments, therefore cannot limit the scope of implementation of the present invention according to this, i.e., according to
Equivalent changes and modifications made by the scope of the claims of the present invention and description all should still belong in the range of the present invention covers.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of single abrasive grain continuously scratches testing machine, it is characterised in that：Including：
Fixed seat；
Horizontally disposed workbench is fixed at the top of fixed seat；
Vertically arranged electro spindle is fixed in fixed seat, and electro spindle is pierced by workbench upwards；
Test specimen is fixed at the top of electro spindle and coaxial with electro spindle, is passed through electro spindle and is driven test specimen rotation；
X is installed in workbench, and direction of feed is perpendicular to electro spindle axis of rotation and along test specimen radial feed to feed arrangement；
Clamping device is installed in X to feed arrangement；
Tool heads are dismantledly installed in clamping device；Tool heads top is connected with abrasive grain；
For making tool heads along the differential head for being parallel to the feeding of electro spindle axis of rotation direction, it is fixed in clamping device；
Disk device is repaiied for repair disk to surface of test piece, is dismantledly installed in clamping device；
Measuring system for acquiring scratching process data, is connected with tool heads；
Tool setting gauge is fixed in workbench, which is equipped with the Z-axis zero setter for adjusting tool setting gauge；
After repairing disk to surface of test piece by repairing disk device, electro spindle drives test specimen rotation, by differential head and X to feed arrangement band
Power driven tools head is with certain cutting-in along test specimen radial feed, and abrasive grain scratches to form spiral scratch in surface of test piece, and measuring system exists
Gathered data during this；
The fixed seat includes upper and lower affixed lathe bed and pedestal；The workbench is fixed at the top of lathe bed；The electro spindle is solid
It is connected on lathe bed；
It is equipped with an energy leveling between the workbench and fixed seat and supports the adjusting apparatus of workbench；
It is connected with supporting rack on the workbench, which includes symmetrically arranged length not two equal support arms, shorter
Support arm and workbench between be equipped with a micromatic setting that can adjust shorter support arm height；The X is fixed to feed arrangement
At the top of two support arms；Shorter support arm height is adjusted to adjust X to feed arrangement direction of feed by micromatic setting；Institute
The least displacement resolution ratio for stating micromatic setting is better than 10nm.
2. a kind of single abrasive grain according to claim 1 continuously scratches testing machine, it is characterised in that：The electro spindle rotation
End face run-out amount and radial beat eccentricity be respectively less than 1 μm, and its maximum (top) speed is not less than 5000rpm.
3. a kind of single abrasive grain according to claim 1 continuously scratches testing machine, it is characterised in that：The test specimen is coloured
Disc-shaped structure made of metal, ferrous metal or crisp and hard material；Test specimen is fixed in by piece fixture at the top of electro spindle；It is described
Piece fixture is vacuum cup, magnetic-disc or mechanical clips；Electro spindle, piece fixture and test specimen three are coaxial；
The abrasive grain is diamond, CBN, oxide ceramics or nitride ceramics；The shape of abrasive grain is spherical, taper；The abrasive grain
It is fixed in tool heads top by pressure head, soldering, plating.
4. a kind of single abrasive grain according to claim 1 continuously scratches testing machine, it is characterised in that：X is to feed arrangement
Carry precision is better than 0.1 μm；The minimum division value of differential head is not more than 0.5 μm；The positioning accuracy of Z-axis zero setter is better than 0.1 μm.
5. a kind of single abrasive grain according to claim 1 continuously scratches testing machine, it is characterised in that：The measuring system is
Dynamometer and acoustic emission system, including the dynamometer of mutual signal connection, acoustic emission system, data collecting card and signal amplification
Device；The tool heads are connected with dynamometer and acoustic emission system；The intrinsic frequency of the dynamometer is higher than 4KHz, dynamometry precision
Better than 0.01N；The sample rate of the data collecting card is higher than 2M/s.
6. a kind of single abrasive grain according to claim 1 continuously scratches testing machine, it is characterised in that：The clamping device packet
Include upper fixture body, lower clamp body and knife bar；Upper fixture body is connected with lower clamp body by two soket head cap screws up and down,
And the circular hole up and down and being interconnected is equipped in the two, inside necking formation step structure at the circular hole lower openings；Knife
Bar adaptation sliding installation can move up and down in circular hole and in circular hole, and knife bar top has bulge loop structure, is returned outside bulge loop structure
Turn face and forms clearance fit with circular hole side wall in lower clamp body；Lower clamp body is stretched out in knife bar lower part and lower face is equipped with threaded hole；
The tool head-tail is external thread structure, by the corresponding threaded holes of the external thread structure and knife bar so that tool heads are detachable
Ground is screwed onto knife bar lower part；
The differential head is installed in upper fixture body, the mandrel of differential head extend downwardly into circular hole and separably contact in knife bar
On；It is rotated by differential head and the downward contact knife bar of mandrel is so that knife bar moves down；Between bulge loop structure and step structure also
Equipped with the elastic component for making knife bar reset upwards.
7. a kind of single abrasive grain according to claim 1 continuously scratches testing machine, it is characterised in that：It is described repair disk device with
Tool heads and knife bar replacement are installed in clamping device, including the dise knife of repairing being connected has and repaiies dise knife bar, and it is suitable to repair dise knife bar
It can be moved up and down in the circular hole of clamping device and in circular hole with sliding installation；Dise knife tool is repaiied to be fixed in and repair dise knife bar lower end；
Or,
The disk device of repairing includes the power head being connected and single-point bistrique.
8. a kind of single abrasive grain according to claim 7 continuously scratches testing machine, it is characterised in that：It is described repair dise knife tool be
Diamond bit, CBN lathe tools.
9. single abrasive grain according to any one of claim 1 to 8 continuously scratches the test method of testing machine, feature exists
In：Including：
1) test specimen is fixed on electro spindle, test specimen can be rotated by electro spindle；On-line dynamic balancing is carried out to the test specimen；
2) electro spindle drives test specimen rotation, use repair disk device under the drive of differential head with certain cutting-in and in X to feed arrangement
Along test specimen radial feed under drive, cuts test specimen radially outside from test specimen and the surface of test piece is carried out to repair disk, in test specimen table
Face forms and repaiies disk area；
3) reading of differential head is z when note repaiies disk1, control X feeds to feed arrangement and differential head, makes to repair disk device touching Z axis and sets
Determine device, remembers that the reading of differential head at this time is z2, then surface of test piece repaiies disk area and the height to knife plane of tool setting gauge after repairing disk
Poor h0=z1-z2；Change the outfit tool heads, ibid touches Z-axis zero setter, and controls differential head and move up h0+ δ can guarantee tool heads top
End is repaiied positioned at test specimen circular ring shape in disk area plane at δ, is completed to knife；
4) tool heads level is moved to feed arrangement by X and is repaiied right over the scratching point of disk area, and δ is moved down by differential head
+apSo that scratching depth is ap；According to the scratching radius R where scratching speed v and the scratching point that need to be tested, pass throughThe setting speed n of calculation testing piece；Test specimen is rotated according to setting speed n, and tool heads by X to feed arrangement edge
Radial feed, so that abrasive grain scratches to form spiral scratch repairing disk area, measurement during this by being connected with tool heads
Data during system acquisition scratching.
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| CN106392864B (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2018-05-18 | 太原理工大学 | Viscoelastic fluid abrasive particle two phase flow abrasive particle sliding velocity measuring device and its measuring method |
| CN107505248B (en) | 2017-08-21 | 2019-07-16 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of nanometer of cutting-in high speed single-point scratching experimental rig and its test method |
| CN108225962B (en) * | 2018-02-06 | 2023-12-29 | 华侨大学 | Single abrasive grain pendulum type scratch test equipment |
| CN108387474B (en) * | 2018-02-06 | 2023-12-29 | 华侨大学 | Ultrasonic-assisted single abrasive particle pendulum type scratching test equipment |
| CN108254266A (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2018-07-06 | 华侨大学 | A kind of measuring apparatus and method of the abrasive grain bond strength of fixed grain tool |
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