CN105525134A - High-strength alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-strength alloy and a preparation method thereof. Taking the total amount of the alloy as a standard, the alloy contains the following elements in weight percent: 21-40% of Mn, 3.1-15% of Al, 45-75.9% of Cu, and 5-20% of Ni. The alloy disclosed by the invention is high in strength and low in cost, has excellent corrosion resistance and good castability, cannot easy generate crack during casting, and is high in mechanical strength, good in toughness and good in corrosion resistance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to alloy field, particularly relate to a kind of high-strength casting alloy.
Background technology
Along with the development that the product technology being representative with electronic product and automobile is advanced by leaps and bounds, product day is tending towards precise treatment, miniaturization, thus proposes more and more higher requirement to the performance of material and casting characteristics.Aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy and zinc alloy abundant raw material, castability is excellent, become the primary structural material of national economy productive life, but their physical strength is on the low side, although have also been developed high-strength material, but the processing and manufacturing of material reduces again greatly, be therefore more and more restricted at the product scope that ask for something is higher.
Titanium alloy is the advantage such as light weight, intensity are high, good corrosion resistance owing to having, and obtained in the last few years and develop on a large scale very much, especially profile material, but the cost that high-accuracy complex product produced by titanium alloy is very high, thus its application also have received great restriction.
In non-ferrous metal, copper alloy is a kind of development comparatively morning, can as functional and structural material, and copper alloy series is comparatively abundant, because the cost of copper is relatively high, low copper content high strength easy is still relative less with the copper alloy of environmental protection in casting processing.
Publication number be CN1948531A patent discloses a kind of high manganese copper nickel zinc alloy, composed of the following components by weight percentage: Cu56-73%, Ni0.5-2.9%, Mn10.1-25%, Al0-3%, Fe+Re≤1%, surplus is Zn and inevitable impurity.But the erosion resistance of material and physical strength relatively low, castability is not ideal enough, is difficult to the demand meeting modern product technology.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiency that existing alloy is difficult to take into account alloy strength and castability and erosion resistance, a kind of high-strength alloy is provided, this alloy not only intensity is high, and has excellent erosion resistance, may be used for various electronic product appearance component.
The invention provides a kind of high-strength alloy, with the total amount of this alloy for benchmark, by weight percentage, this alloy contains following element:
Mn21-40%，
Al3.1-15%，
Cu45-75.9%，
Ni5-20%。
The present invention also provides the preparation method of above-mentioned high-strength alloy, and the method comprises carries out melting in proportion by alloy raw material, and aluminium alloy melting obtained is cast, and obtains high-strength alloy after cooling.
According to alloy of the present invention, not only intensity is high, cost is low, and has excellent erosion resistance, and this alloy has good castability simultaneously, not easily cracks in castingprocesses, and physical strength is high, good toughness.The preparation method of high-strength alloy provided by the invention, the method is simple, cost is low.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of high-strength alloy, with the total amount of this alloy for benchmark, by weight percentage, this alloy contains following element:
Mn21-40%，
Al3.1-15%，
Cu45-70.9%。
Ni5-20%。
Further preferably, with the total amount of this alloy for benchmark, by weight percentage, this alloy contains following element:
Mn28-38%，
Al4-10%，
Cu52-63%，
Ni5-20%。
In high-strength alloy of the present invention, the price of manganese element is 1/4th of copper, replaces copper, reduce the cost of alloy with a large amount of manganese elements.Manganese element and copper are unlimited solid solutions mutually simultaneously, and atomic radius and the copper of manganese element are close, and be displaced type sosoloid, manganese plays solution strengthening effect, can put forward heavy alloyed intensity, hardness.Manganese element can effectively put forward heavy alloyed castability, but too high being easy to causes alloy fragility to increase, and reduces the castability of material, the too low casting characteristics cannot improving alloy, reduces material cost.
In high-strength alloy of the present invention, aluminium element is important alloy strengthening element, can put forward heavy alloyed physical strength significantly, plays an important role in metallurgical process simultaneously, aluminium can form the oxide membranous layer of one deck densification in alloy melt surface, improves oxidation and the air drawing characteristics of alloy; In addition, aluminium element can form dense oxide rete on alloy product surface, improves the erosion resistance of alloy product, can also reduce cost of alloy, but too high levels then can cause material fragility to increase simultaneously, too low, is difficult to play above beneficial effect.
The interpolation of Ni, the present invention studies discovery, greatly can improve the erosion resistance of alloy, and by adjustment proportioning, erosion resistance can reach stainless corrosion resistance characteristic, and the proportioning of the element of the preferred Ni of the present invention is 5%-20%, weight percent.
In high-strength alloy of the present invention, by the content range of control Mn element and Al element, namely with the total amount of this alloy for benchmark, by weight percentage, this alloy contains following element: Mn21-40%, Al3.1-15%, makes the alloy obtained have good castability while having good intensity.
According to high-strength alloy provided by the present invention, preferably, described alloy also comprises Addition ofelements, and described Addition ofelements is at least one in Be, B, C, P, Mg, Sc, Ti, Cr, Fe, Zn, Ga, Sr, Zr, Nb, Sn, Hf, Ta, Pb and rare earth element.Preferably, described Addition ofelements is at least one in B, Ti, Cr, Fe, Zn, Zr, Sn, Pb and rare earth element.Described Addition ofelements can improve the casting characteristics of the corrosion resistance nature of alloy, alloy mechanical performance and alloy melt.In the present invention, preferably, described Addition ofelements with the total amount of high-strength alloy for benchmark, by weight percentage, the content <5% of described Addition ofelements.The content of described Addition ofelements higher than 5% time, the basic property of material may be reduced.
According to high-strength alloy provided by the present invention, preferably, described Addition ofelements is rare earth element.Rare earth element has crystal grain thinning, changes the effect of interfacial energy and purification alloy melt.In the present invention, when described Addition ofelements is rare earth element, with the total amount of high-strength alloy for benchmark, by weight percentage, the content <0.5% of described rare earth element.The addition of rare earth element is excessive is easy to the metallurgy characteristic destroying alloy.
According to high-strength alloy provided by the present invention, preferably, described Addition ofelements is Pb.Pb element can improve the machining characteristics of alloy material greatly.In the present invention, when described Addition ofelements is Pb, with the total amount of high-strength alloy for benchmark, by weight percentage, the content >0.5% of described Addition ofelements and <3%.
According to high-strength alloy provided by the present invention, preferably, described Addition ofelements is at least one in Ti, Cr, Fe, Zr and Sn.Described Addition ofelements significantly can improve erosion resistance and the intensity of alloy.In the present invention, when described Addition ofelements is at least one in Ti, Cr, Fe, Zr and Sn, with the total amount of high-strength alloy for benchmark, by weight percentage, the content of described Addition ofelements is <3%.
This alloy allows to there is inevitable impurity element, and the existence of a small amount of impurity element alloy performance can not produce material impact, but can reduce the tooling cost of material.
According to high-strength alloy provided by the present invention, allow to there is other metallic element a small amount of, as the one in Li, Na, K, Ba, In, Ge, Sb, Bi, V, Nb, Mo, W, Tc, Ru, Pd, Pt, Ag and Au, more than two or three.With the total amount of high-strength alloy for benchmark, by weight percentage, the total amount of other metallic element above-mentioned is general not higher than 1%, preferably not higher than 0.5%, more preferably no higher than 0.2%.Above-mentioned metallic element can derive from impurity when preparing alloy in alloy raw material, also can derive from the raw material added as a kind of component of alloy when preparing alloy.
Alloy according to the present invention has good castability, and not easily crack in castingprocesses, physical strength is high, good toughness.
Present invention also offers a kind of preparation method of high-strength alloy described above, the method comprises carries out melting in proportion by alloy raw material, and aluminium alloy melting obtained is cast, and obtains high-strength alloy after cooling.The method selecting the composition thus obtain of alloy raw material to have the alloy of expection composition is known in those skilled in the art, no longer describes in detail herein.
According to the present invention, described melting generally can be carried out at the temperature of 1100-1200 DEG C, and the time of melting can be generally 30-60 minute.In order to put forward heavy alloyed performance further, after melting, carry out refining again at the temperature of 1050-1100 DEG C, the time of refining is 10-40 minute.Alloy cast ingot is cast into after refining.Contact with air in fusion process in order to avoid high-strength alloy melt and be oxidized, when melting, preferably adopting in vacuum melting furnace, carry out melting, and pass into rare gas element protection during capacity.Described rare gas element can be that the routine of field of smelting is selected, such as, can be argon gas and nitrogen etc.
Preparation method of the present invention is simple, and replace copper with a large amount of manganese, cost is low.
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
Cu is consisted of according to high-strength alloy
63mn
30al
5ni
10alloyage raw material.The alloy raw material prepared is placed in smelting furnace and carries out melting, pass into the high-purity argon gas of 99.999% in fusion process, pressure is 0.5 normal atmosphere, at the temperature of 1200 DEG C, smelt 40min.Then refining 30 minutes at the temperature of 1100 DEG C, is finally cast into alloy cast ingot A1.
Embodiment 2-21
Prepare alloy cast ingot A2-A21 according to the method for embodiment 1, difference is: according to the alloyage raw material of table 1.
Comparative example 1-4
Prepare alloy cast ingot CA1-CA6 according to the method for embodiment 1, difference is: according to the alloyage raw material of table 1.
Table 1
。
Performance test
Alloy pig A1-A21 and CA1-CA6 obtained is carried out die casting preparation test sample B1-B21 and CB1-CB6, wherein, cast temperature is 1050 DEG C; Die temperature is 200 DEG C; Barrel temperature is 150 DEG C, and injection speed is 2m/s, and thickness of sample is 1.5mm.
1, tensile property
Adopt the yield strength of ISO6892.1-2009 testing standard mensuration B1-B21 and CB1-CB6, tensile strength and elongation after fracture.The results are shown in Table 2.
2, hardness
Adopt dimension formula sclerometer, diameter is 12.7mm and the magnesium alloy disk that thickness is 3mm is 3kg at pressing-in force, the dwell time is under 15s, tests more than 3 times, the hardness that the mean value of the data obtained is surveyed magnesium alloy, unit HV.The results are shown in Table 2.
3, mobility
Adopt simple helix mobility sample mould, cross-sectional dimension is: 5.5mm × 3mm, employing be 45cm to soup capacity
3, injection speed is 1m/s.The results are shown in Table 2.
4, erosion resistance
The alloy cast smelted is caused the thin slice of 100mm × 100mm × 1.5mm, it is carried out neutral salt spray test in the middle of the solution of 5%NaCl, probe temperature is 35 DEG C, SaltSprayTest 168 hours, and adopt weight-loss method to calculate Corrosion results, method of calculation are as follows:
V=（m1-m2）/(t.s)
M1 is the sample quality before test;
M2 is for cleaning through distilled water after test, and the quality after drying, t is the time, and S is surface area of sample, and erosion rate unit is mg/ (cm
2.d).
The results are shown in Table 2.
5, surface appearance
Whether there is crackle with the surface of microscopic examination sample B1-B21 and CB1-CB6, the results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2
。
As can be seen from Table 2, yield strength and the tensile strength of alloy of the present invention are high, elongation after fracture is large, and hardness is large, good fluidity, do not have crackle and good corrosion resistance.Comparative example 1, although have good material ductility and casting characteristics, mechanical strength is low, and corrosion resistance nature is poor; Comparative example 2,3,5,6 alloys, although have higher physical strength and corrosion resistance characteristic, material easily ftractures in castingprocesses, is difficult to shaping; Comparative example 4, although have good mobility and physical strength, be easy to cracking in cast process, and corrosion resistance characteristic is very poor, application characteristic is poor.
Contriver finds, in high-strength alloy provided by the invention, and the mechanical property of the change meeting remarkably influenced alloy of al and ni content and erosion resistance, aluminium content is too low, can cause the remarkable reduction of the strength of materials, aluminium too high levels is then easy to cause material fragility to increase, and is difficult to shaping; Although nickel can improve the corrosion resistance characteristic of material, excessive, material cracks problem can be caused, too low, be difficult to the corrosion resistance characteristic improving alloy; Equally, Fe content is too low, can significantly fall low-alloyed mobility, causes the remarkable decline of alloy strength simultaneously, the too high problem of Cracking that also can cause material.Such as, in embodiment 21, its nickel content is 5wt%, causes the erosion resistance of alloy greatly to reduce, is only 1mg/ (cm
2but this Alloyapplication still meets service requirements in automobile component, electronic product structural component in field .d).
To sum up, alloy of the present invention has good castability, not easily cracks in castingprocesses, and physical strength is high, good toughness, good corrosion resistance.
Claims (12)
1. a high-strength alloy, is characterized in that, with the total amount of this alloy for benchmark, by weight percentage, this alloy contains following element:
Mn21-40%，
Al3.1-15%，
Cu45-70.9%，
Ni5-20%。
2. high-strength alloy according to claim 1, is characterized in that, with the total amount of this alloy for benchmark, by weight percentage, this alloy contains following element:
Mn28-38%，
Al4-10%，
Cu52-63%，
Ni5-20%。
3. high-strength alloy according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, described alloy also comprises Addition ofelements, and described Addition ofelements is at least one in Be, B, C, P, Mg, Sc, Ti, Cr, Fe, Zn, Ga, Sr, Zr, Nb, Sn, Hf, Ta, Pb and rare earth element.
4. high-strength alloy according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described Addition ofelements with the total amount of high-strength alloy for benchmark, by weight percentage, the content <5% of described Addition ofelements.
5. high-strength alloy according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described Addition ofelements is at least one in B, Ti, Cr, Fe, Zn, Zr, Sn, Pb and rare earth element.
6. high-strength alloy according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described Addition ofelements is rare earth element.
7. high-strength alloy according to claim 6, is characterized in that, with the total amount of high-strength alloy for benchmark, by weight percentage, and the content <0.5% of described rare earth element.
8. high-strength alloy according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described Addition ofelements is Pb.
9. high-strength alloy according to claim 8, with the total amount of high-strength alloy for benchmark, by weight percentage, the content >0.5% of described Pb and <3%.
10. high-strength alloy according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described Addition ofelements is at least one in Ti, Cr, Fe, Zr and Sn.
11. high-strength alloys according to claim 10, is characterized in that, with the total amount of high-strength alloy for benchmark, by weight percentage, the content of described Addition ofelements is <3%.
The preparation method of the high-strength alloy described in 12. 1 kinds of any one of claim 1-11, is characterized in that, the method comprises carries out melting in proportion by alloy raw material, and aluminium alloy melting obtained is cast, and obtains high-strength alloy after cooling.
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| CN106756209A (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2017-05-31 | 安徽睿知信信息科技有限公司 | A kind of high intensity wheel hub founding materials and its casting technique |
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| CN109207791A (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2019-01-15 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | A kind of Cu base microcrystallizing alloy and preparation method thereof |
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| CN107904435A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-04-13 | 浙江力博实业股份有限公司 | A kind of Hydraulic Elements copper alloy and preparation method thereof |
| WO2019134541A1 (en) * | 2018-01-05 | 2019-07-11 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Copper-based microcrystalline alloy, preparation method thereof, and electronic product |
| US11649528B2 (en) | 2018-01-05 | 2023-05-16 | Byd Company Limited | Copper based microcrystalline alloy, preparation method thereof, and electronic product |
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| CN110551931A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2019-12-10 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Structural component of electronic product, preparation method of structural component and electronic product |
| CN111057902A (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2020-04-24 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Die-casting copper alloy, preparation method and application thereof and die-casting copper alloy composite plastic product |
| CN111057901A (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2020-04-24 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Die-casting copper alloy, preparation method and application thereof and die-casting copper alloy composite plastic product |
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| CN111057902B (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2021-09-03 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Die-casting copper alloy, preparation method and application thereof and die-casting copper alloy composite plastic product |
| CN109338202A (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2019-02-15 | 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 | A kind of high entropy copper alloy of high toughness wear resistant |
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