CN105478760A - 一种TiC-Cu复合材料构件的激光成形方法 - Google Patents
一种TiC-Cu复合材料构件的激光成形方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910000883 Ti6Al4V Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种TiC-Cu金属复合材料结构件的激光成形方法,其所选用的原料粉体配方为:石墨5.35~8.68wt.%,Ti-6Al-4V?13.65~28.25wt.%,稀土氧化物0.37~0.42wt.%,Cu余量。激光成形的粉体定量配送与混合采用多料斗螺旋送粉混合***完成,粉体用3个管道即时送至激光头进行激光成形。利用***对送粉和激光的控制,实现复合部件的成形,复合材料的断裂韧度可达到Cu合金的80%以上。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于激光成形领域,涉及一种TiC-Cu复合材料构件的激光成形方法。
背景技术
TiC具有极高的熔点、优秀的高温强度、热稳定性,密度低、弹性模量较高、硬度高和耐磨性好,广泛应用于刀具、模具等硬质合金材料领域。
滑动摩擦电接触材料广泛应用于电动机上的电刷,电力传输设备的导电弓、受电靴、电拔插头等。由于接触不良而造成的电弧放电和摩擦磨损是滑动摩擦电接触材料主要失效形式。滑动摩擦电接触材料主要有纯金属、碳滑板、粉末冶金复合材料、浸铜碳滑板等几种类型。金属滑板导电性好,但容易引发放电现象造成电弧灼烧。碳滑板润滑性好,但电阻率高且机械强度低,自身磨损比较严重。粉末冶金复合材料硬度较高,但对摩擦副磨损比较严重,且本身成本较高。浸铜碳滑板是目前比较优秀的导电弓网滑板材料,但面临着抗冲击性能差,维护成本高等问题。TiC强化铜基复合材料既具有铜基体优良的导电导热性能,同时又具有良好的耐磨性能,可以用作滑动摩擦电接触材料。
MMC的制备技术依据增强颗粒的加入方式的不同,可分为原位自生和强制加入两种。原位自生技术借助合金设计,在基体金属内原位反应成核,生成一种或几种热力学稳定的增强相,这种方法避免了外加增强体的分解、节约能源、资源并能够减少排放,材料的增强体表面无污染,制品性能优良。但其工艺过程要求严格、较难掌握、且增强相的成分和体积分数不易控制。
激光成形工艺利用小体积累积成形的方法,可以在宏观控制增强相的均匀分布,为送粉激光原位成形颗粒增强MMC提供可能。金属粉与石墨粉的堆积密度相差较大,在激光成形过程中,容易因为粉体密度相差较大而造成分层,在成形部件中造成增强相的分布不均,而且会改变增强相的设计成分,大幅降低TiC-Cu复合材料部件的性能。因此本发明采用在线连续送粉激光原位复合成形的方法,制备TiC-Cu复合材料部件,使成形部件的增强相分布连续可控。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种增强相分布可控的TiC-Cu复合材料部件的激光成形方法。本发明针对现有技术的不足,从原位合成路线和激光成形工艺着手,能够使增强相在复合材料中均匀分布,实现性能优良的TiC-Cu复合材料部件的激光成形。
本发明方法主要包括以下步骤:
(1)原料配方与预处理
原料配方为:石墨5.35~8.68wt.%,Ti-6Al-4V13.65~28.25wt.%,稀土氧化物0.37~0.42wt.%,Cu余量,原料采用粉体形式,粉末颗粒尺寸40~200微米;将Ti-6Al-4V和稀土氧化物球磨0.3~4小时;
(2)送粉与混料
采用多料斗螺旋送粉混合***送粉和及时混合,所述多料斗螺旋混合***由三个送粉器通过送粉管与一个共同的激光头连接组成,将Ti-6Al-4V和稀土氧化物混合粉末放入第1个料斗中,石墨粉置于第2个料斗中;Cu粉末置于第3个料斗中;3个送粉器同时送粉,并通过调节螺杆转速控制粉料的比例;
(3)激光成形
激光成形的激光头采用3管同轴不连续喷嘴,对熔池环抱送粉,使熔池各成分均匀分布;对设计部件的数字图形分层切片,并建立激光扫描路径,在数控机床上进行激光成形,控制送粉成分,使得局部生成的增强相TiC的比例成梯度连续变化,即构件外层为TiC-Cu基复合材料,内层为金属基体材料,并最终使用的原料比例符合步骤(1)的要求。
步骤(3)中,采用光纤/CO2激光器,输出功率100~1000W,光斑直径0.2~4mm,搭接率10~80%,激光头Ar气流量0.2~8L/min,送粉器Ar气流量0.2~10L/min,激光头扫描速度4~50mm/s
本发明所用的多料斗螺旋送粉混合***主要由三个送粉器通过送粉管与一个共同的激光头连接组成,如图1所示。所述送粉器由料斗、螺杆和流化器组成,所述螺杆由直流步进电机推动。
TiC-Cu复合材料的性能取决于TiC的含量、尺寸和均匀分布。本发明以多料斗螺旋送粉混料***即时送粉,并利用同轴不连续激光头成形出TiC-Cu复合材料部件,实现了增强相的分布可控,消除复合材料中TiC不均匀分布的情况,实现TiC含量可调的TiC-Cu复合材料结构件的激光成形。
本发明方法同时将部件表层和内层进行分别成形,控制送粉成分和激光扫描路线,实现内外分层结构的TiC-Cu基复合材料部件的激光制造,使部件内部具有金属材料的韧性,表层具有耐磨的功能,且部件整体断裂韧度为Cu合金的70%以上。
附图说明
图1多料斗螺旋送粉混合***结构示意图。
具体实施方式
结合实施例对本发明做进一步描述。
实施例一
一种TiC-Cu复合材料导电弓滑板激光成形方法,包括以下流程:
(1)原料配方与预处理
原料配方为:石墨8.68wt.%,Ti-6Al-4V28.25wt.%,稀土氧化物0.42wt.%,Cu余量;合金Ti-6Al-4V粉末和其它粉末颗粒尺寸50微米;将钛合金粉和稀土氧化物粉末球磨0.7小时。
(2)送粉与混料
送粉工艺采用多料斗螺旋送粉混合***完成,将Ti合金粉末和稀土混合粉末放入第1个料斗中,石墨粉置于第2个料斗中;Cu粉末置于第3个料斗中;3个螺杆送粉器同时送粉,并通过螺杆转速调整TiC在生成局部的含量。
(3)激光成形
粉体经3个送粉器输出后用3根管道输送至激光头进行激光成形,激光成形的激光头采用3管同轴不连续喷嘴,对熔池环抱送粉;部件的数字图形分层切片,并建立激光扫描路径,然后控制送粉成分和激光扫描路线,在数控机床上进行激光成形。激光加工使用光纤激光器,其输出功率550W,光斑直径0.35mm,搭接率38%,激光头Ar气流量4.6L/min,送粉器Ar气流量7.3L/min,激光头扫描速度12mm/s。
成形部件内部具有金属材料的韧性,表层具有耐磨的功能,且部件整体断裂韧度为Cu合金的70%以上。
实施例二
一种TiC-Cu复合材料受电靴滑板激光成形方法,包括以下流程:
(1)原料配方与预处理
原料配方为:石墨6.78wt.%,Ti-6Al-4V21.46wt.%,混合稀土0.37wt.%,Cu余量。原料采用粉体形式,金属Ti-6Al-4V粉末颗粒尺寸50微米;将Ti-6Al-4V粉和稀土粉末球磨0.5小时。
(2)送粉与混料
送粉工艺采用多料斗螺旋送粉混合***完成,将Ti粉末和稀土混合粉末放入第1个料斗中,石墨粉置于第2个料斗中;Cu粉末置于第3个料斗中;3个螺杆送粉器同时送粉,并通过螺杆转速调整TiC在生成局部的含量。
(3)激光成形
粉体经3个送粉器输出后用3根管道输送至激光头进行激光成形,激光成形的激光头采用3管同轴不连续喷嘴,对熔池环抱送粉;部件的数字图形分层切片,并建立激光扫描路径,然后控制送粉成分和激光扫描路线,在数控机床上进行激光成形。激光加工使用光纤激光器,其输出功率650W,光斑直径0.8mm,搭接率45%,激光头Ar气流量5.2L/min,送粉器Ar气流量6.5L/min,激光头扫描速度15mm/s。
成形部件内部具有金属材料的韧性,表层具有耐磨的功能,且部件整体断裂韧度为Cu合金的70%以上。
实施例三
一种TiC-Cu复合材料结晶器激光成形方法,包括以下流程:
(1)原料配方与预处理
原料配方为:石墨5.35wt.%,Ti-6Al-4V粉末13.65wt.%,混合稀土0.42wt.%,Cu粉末余量。原料采用粉体形式,金属Ti-6Al-4V粉末颗粒尺寸40微米;将Ti-6Al-4V粉和稀土粉末球磨2小时。
(2)送粉与混料
送粉工艺采用多料斗螺旋送粉混合***完成,将Ti-6Al-4V粉末和稀土混合粉末放入第一个料斗中,石墨粉置于第二个料斗中;Cu粉末置于第三个料斗中;3个螺杆送粉器同时送粉,并通过螺杆转速调整TiC在生成构件局部的含量。
(3)激光成形
粉体经3个送粉器输出后用3根管道输送至激光头进行激光成形,激光成形的激光头采用3管同轴不连续喷嘴,对熔池环抱送粉;部件的数字图形分层切片,并建立激光扫描路径,然后控制送粉成分和激光扫描路线,在数控机床上进行激光成形。激光加工使用光纤激光器,其输出功率850W,光斑直径0.6mm,搭接率60%,激光头Ar气流量4.8L/min,送粉器Ar气流量6.0L/min,激光头扫描速度20mm/s。
成形部件内部具有金属材料的韧性,表层具有耐磨的功能,且部件整体断裂韧度为Cu合金的70%以上。
Claims (3)
1.一种TiC-Cu复合材料构件的激光成形方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
(1)原料配方与预处理
原料配方为:石墨5.35~8.68wt.%,Ti-6Al-4V13.65~28.25wt.%,稀土氧化物0.37~0.42wt.%,Cu余量,原料采用粉体形式,粉末颗粒尺寸40~200微米;将Ti-6Al-4V和稀土氧化物球磨0.3~4小时;
(2)送粉与混料
采用多料斗螺旋送粉混合***送粉和及时混合,所述多料斗螺旋混合***由三个送粉器通过送粉管与一个共同的激光头连接组成,将Ti-6Al-4V和稀土氧化物混合粉末放入第1个料斗中,石墨粉置于第2个料斗中;Cu粉末置于第3个料斗中;3个送粉器同时送粉,并通过调节螺杆转速控制粉料的比例;
(3)激光成形
激光成形的激光头采用3管同轴不连续喷嘴,对熔池环抱送粉,使熔池各成分均匀分布;对设计部件的数字图形分层切片,并建立激光扫描路径,在数控机床上进行激光成形,控制送粉成分,使得局部生成的增强相TiC的比例成梯度连续变化,即构件外层为TiC-Cu基复合材料,内层为金属基体材料,并最终使用的原料比例符合步骤(1)的要求。
2.根据权利要求1所述的激光成形方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中采用光纤/CO2激光器,输出功率100~3000W,光斑直径0.2~4mm,搭接率10~80%,激光头Ar气流量0.5~13L/min,送粉器Ar气流量0.5~12L/min,激光头扫描速度3~125mm/s。
3.根据权利要求1所述的激光成形方法,其特征在于,所述送粉器由料斗、螺杆和流化器组成,所述螺杆由直流步进电机推动。
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