CN105449216A - Lithium battery - Google Patents
Lithium battery Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105449216A CN105449216A CN201510796805.6A CN201510796805A CN105449216A CN 105449216 A CN105449216 A CN 105449216A CN 201510796805 A CN201510796805 A CN 201510796805A CN 105449216 A CN105449216 A CN 105449216A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- lithium battery
- solid electrolyte
- carbon
- phosphorous oxynitride
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/60—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of organic compounds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
- H01M10/0562—Solid materials
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a lithium battery. The lithium battery comprises a negative electrode, a liquid ferrocene positive electrode and a current collector, wherein the negative electrode is a lithium piece coating a lithium carbon phosphorous oxynitride solid electrolyte; and the current collector is formed by coating an aluminum foil or a stainless steel net with a layer of carbon black, carbon nanotube or graphene conductive agent. The first time specific discharge capacity of the battery reaches 135 mAh/g; a discharging platform is 3.2-3.6 V vs.Li+/Li; and the specific energy can reach 500 Wh/kg. The lithium battery is high in electrochemical stability, high in specific capacity, good in cycle performance and simple in preparation method.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to advanced energy technology field, be specifically related to the lithium battery that a class is novel.
Background technology
The reserves that a large amount of uses due to traditional energies such as fossil fuels cause the non-renewable energy resources such as global environmental problem and climate change another aspect fossil fuel are also limited.Just seem be even more important so develop new regenerative resource, wind energy, solar energy, tidal energy etc. are comparatively large due to the impact by weather and geographical position, just need them and energy storage device to combine to their effective utilization.The electrical power storage sent, in energy storage device, is then incorporated to intelligent grid, then flows to user through electrical network.Pumped storage and compressed-air energy storage also can limit by geographical position, and electrochemical energy storage does not then limit by geographical position.Extensive energy storage for electrical network level needs a large amount of chemical power sources, commercial battery such as the lead acid accumulator of comparative maturity can cause very large environmental pollution owing to using heavy metal lead now, for lithium ion battery, owing to embedding the restriction of mechanism by it, battery energy density is not high.So directly use the battery energy density of cathode of lithium and liquid positive pole to improve a lot, the chargeable lithium battery tool of lithium is directly used to have great advantage so develop.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to propose a kind of lithium battery, to solve the not high defect of prior art lithium battery energy density.
For achieving the above object, the present invention proposes a kind of lithium battery, comprising:
Negative pole, described negative pole is the lithium sheet of coated lithium carbon phosphorous oxynitride solid electrolyte;
Liquid ferrocene positive pole; And
Collector, described collector is aluminium foil or stainless (steel) wire apply one deck carbon black, carbon nano-tube or graphene conductive agent to be formed.
Wherein, described liquid ferrocene just very ferrocene be dissolved in LiPF
6the solution formed in the electrolyte formed with organic solvent.
Wherein, the concentration of described liquid ferrocene positive pole is 0.5-1.5mol/L.
Wherein, the concentration of described liquid ferrocene positive pole is 1mol/L.
Wherein, described organic solvent is selected from the wherein at least one of EC-PC, EC-DEC, EC-DMC, DME or DMF.
Wherein, the chemical formula of described lithium carbon phosphorous oxynitride solid electrolyte is Li
xc
ypO
4-zn
z, wherein, x>3,0<y<1,0<z<1.
Wherein, described lithium carbon phosphorous oxynitride solid electrolyte is impalpable structure.
Wherein, the lithium ion conducting rate of described lithium carbon phosphorous oxynitride solid electrolyte is greater than 2 × 10
-6s/cm.
Wherein, the electrochemical window of described lithium carbon phosphorous oxynitride solid electrolyte is greater than 4.5V.
Wherein, the thickness of described lithium carbon phosphorous oxynitride solid electrolyte is 0.2 ~ 4 micron.
The composition of lithium battery that the present invention proposes is battery positive electrode active material is ferrocene, and negative pole is the coated lithium of lithium carbon phosphorous oxynitride solid electrolyte.The coated lithium of lithium carbon phosphorous oxynitride solid electrolyte and ferrocene liquid electrode is not had to be configured to the report of lithium battery so far.Lithium battery first discharge specific capacity of the present invention reaches 135mAh/g, and discharge platform is 3.2 ~ 3.6Vvs.Li
+/ Li, specific energy can reach 500Wh/kg.This lithium battery has good chemical property, and electrochemical stability is good, specific capacity is high, good cycle, preparation method simple, can be used as the lithium ion battery in the extensive energy storage field of high-performance.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the charging and discharging curve of lithium carbon phosphorous oxynitride solid electrolyte clad metal cathode of lithium, liquid ferrocene positive pole lithium battery.
Fig. 2 is lithium carbon phosphorous oxynitride material x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy figure of the present invention;
Embodiment
The present invention proposes a kind of novel lithium battery based on lithium carbon phosphorous oxynitride solid electrolyte and liquid ferrocene positive pole, what the present invention proposed is be dissolved in by ferrocene as positive pole in the organic solvent containing lithium salts as lithium battery, at the lithium carbon phosphorous oxynitride solid electrolyte of about 0.2 ~ 4 micron thickness of surface deposition one deck of metal lithium sheet as negative pole.Specifically, lithium battery proposed by the invention is that ferrocene is dissolved in the LiPF of 1mol/L with the lithium sheet of coated lithium carbon phosphorous oxynitride solid electrolyte as negative pole
6, the concentration formed in the organic solvents such as EC-PC, EC-DEC, EC-DMC, DME, DMF be the ferrocene solution of 0.5-1.5mol/L as positive pole, aluminium foil or stainless (steel) wire apply one deck carbon black, carbon nano-tube, and the conductive agents such as Graphene are as collector.
Further, the present invention proposes a kind of lithium battery, comprising:
Negative pole, described negative pole is the lithium sheet of coated lithium carbon phosphorous oxynitride solid electrolyte;
Liquid ferrocene positive pole, and
Collector, described collector is aluminium foil or stainless (steel) wire apply one deck carbon black, carbon nano-tube or graphene conductive agent to be formed.
Wherein, described liquid ferrocene just very ferrocene be dissolved in LiPF
6the solution formed in the electrolyte formed with organic solvent, the concentration of described liquid ferrocene positive pole is 0.5-1.5mol/L, is preferably 1mol/L, and described organic solvent is selected from the wherein at least one of EC-PC, EC-DEC, EC-DMC, DME or DMF.
The chemical formula of described lithium carbon phosphorous oxynitride solid electrolyte is Li
xc
ypO
4-zn
z, wherein, x>3,0<y<1,0<z<1.Described lithium carbon phosphorous oxynitride solid electrolyte is impalpable structure, and its lithium ion conducting rate is greater than 2 × 10
-6s/cm, electrochemical window is greater than 4.5V.The thickness of described lithium carbon phosphorous oxynitride solid electrolyte is 0.2 ~ 4 micron.
In the present invention, aluminium foil or stainless (steel) wire are coated with one deck conductive carbon and are used as plus plate current-collecting body, liquid positive pole made by the electrolyte having dissolved ferrocene, and the lithium sheet of lithium deposition carbon phosphorous oxynitride solid electrolyte is as negative pole.The charge-discharge test of battery carries out on blue electricity (Land) battery test system.Wherein, the liquid ferrocene positive pole lithium battery of lithium carbon phosphorous oxynitride solid electrolyte clad metal cathode of lithium shows good chemical property.Initial charge voltage platform is between 3.3-3.4V, and discharge voltage plateau is at 3.3-3.2VvsLi
+between/Li, polarization is only approximately 0.1V.First discharge specific capacity reaches 135mAh/g, and discharge platform is 3.2 ~ 3.6Vvs.Li
+/ Li, specific energy can reach 500Wh/kg.Above-mentioned performance shows that a kind of lithium battery based on lithium carbon phosphorous oxynitride solid electrolyte and liquid ferrocene positive pole obtained is a kind of novel energy-storage battery.Simple owing to preparing, weight ratio density is high, can be applicable to various electrochemical energy storage.
The present invention is the method lithium deposition carbon phosphorous oxynitride solid electrolyte of the mixture adopting nitrogen plasma and thermal evaporation carbon dust and lithium phosphate powder in the method for above-mentioned lithium sheet deposited on silicon one deck lithium carbon phosphorous oxynitride solid electrolyte, comprises the steps:
Step one: by carbon dust and lithium phosphate powder ground and mixed, the mol ratio of described carbon dust and described lithium phosphate powder is (0.1-0.5): (1-1.5) (being preferably 0.5:1), using the target of the mixture of described carbon dust and described lithium phosphate powder as thermal evaporation after grinding; With
Step 2: under vacuum and nitrogen plasma environment, the mixture of carbon dust described in thermal evaporation and described lithium phosphate powder makes it be deposited on lithium sheet and forms solid electrolyte, described solid electrolyte material is lithium carbon phosphorous oxynitride material, and the composition of described lithium carbon phosphorous oxynitride material is Li
xc
ypO
4-zn
z, wherein, x>3,0<y<1,0<z<1.
In step one, after grinding, the particle diameter of described carbon dust is 500nm-1 μm, and the particle diameter of described lithium phosphate powder is 500nm-2 μm.In step 2, deposition rate is more than or equal to 8-10 micro-m/h.
Specifically, the method for lithium carbon phosphorous oxynitride electrolytic thin-membrane that prepared by the present invention is thermal evaporation and nitrogen plasma combined technology.The method is carried out in a vacuum chamber, and the vacuum degree of vacuum chamber can reach 10
-4pa, operating pressure is (3-7) * 10
-2pa (is preferably 5*10
-2pa); The minimum distance of evaporator and lithium sheet close to (4-7) cm, can be preferably 5cm, controls working gas N by Mass flow controllers
2with the flow-rate ratio (1.5-3) of Ar: (0.5-1), is preferably 3:1.Plasma generator can produce a nitrogen plasma, and under vacuum and nitrogen plasma condition, carbon dust and lithium phosphate powder mixture are deposited on lithium sheet by evaporator evaporation, forms lithium carbon phosphorous oxynitride material.
Lithium carbon phosphorous oxynitride solid electrolyte film thickness of the present invention can be measured by ESEM (HITACHIS-4800), and the section surveying the lithium sheet of lithium deposition carbon phosphorous oxynitride solid electrolyte can obtain the thickness of lithium carbon phosphorous oxynitride solid electrolyte.The composition of lithium carbon phosphorous oxynitride solid electrolyte can be measured by x-ray photoelectron power spectrum.
Embodiment 1
With the LiFP of 1mol/L
6, EC, DMC electrolyte configuration 1mol/L ferrocene solution, with the coated lithium sheet of lithium carbon phosphorous oxynitride solid electrolyte as negative pole, be plus plate current-collecting body with the aluminium foil of coating carbon black, assembled battery.Carry out in the drying box that battery is assemblied in applying argon gas.
Wherein, on lithium sheet, lithium deposition carbon phosphorous oxynitride solid electrolyte adopts thermal evaporation and nitrogen plasma combined technology, under vacuum deposition plating, and vacuum degree can reach 10
-4pa, controls working gas N by Mass flow controllers
2be 3:1 with the flow-rate ratio of Ar, operating pressure is 5*10
-2pa; The minimum distance of heating fumigators and positive plate can close to 5cm, and plasma generator produces a nitrogen plasma.Using mass ratio be the compound of the carbon dust of 5-10%:90-95% and lithium phosphate powder as thermal evaporation material, on positive plate, deposition obtains lithium carbon phosphorous oxynitride material.
Fig. 1 is the charging and discharging curve of lithium carbon phosphorous oxynitride solid electrolyte clad metal cathode of lithium, liquid ferrocene positive pole lithium battery.The discharge and recharge of lithium battery of the present invention is carried out on Land battery test system.Charging voltage platform is between 3.3-3.4V, and discharge voltage plateau is at 3.3-3.2VvsLi
+between/Li, polarization is only approximately 0.1V.First discharge specific capacity reaches 135mAh/g, and discharge platform is 3.2 ~ 3.6Vvs.Li
+/ Li, specific energy can reach 500Wh/kg.
In addition, the composition of lithium carbon phosphorous oxynitride solid electrolyte can be measured (see Fig. 2) by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, can determine Li:C:P:O:N=5.4:0.44:1:3.56:0.44 in the electrolytical composition of lithium carbon phosphorous oxynitride.
The composition of lithium battery that the present invention proposes is battery positive electrode active material is ferrocene, and negative pole is the coated lithium of lithium carbon phosphorous oxynitride solid electrolyte.The coated lithium of lithium carbon phosphorous oxynitride solid electrolyte and ferrocene liquid electrode is not had to be configured to the report of lithium battery so far.Lithium battery first discharge specific capacity of the present invention reaches 135mAh/g, and discharge platform is 3.2 ~ 3.6Vvs.Li
+/ Li, specific energy can reach 500Wh/kg.This lithium battery has good chemical property, and electrochemical stability is good, specific capacity is high, good cycle, preparation method simple, can be used as the lithium ion battery in the extensive energy storage field of high-performance.
Certainly; the present invention also can have other various embodiments; when not deviating from the present invention's spirit and essence thereof; those of ordinary skill in the art can make various corresponding change and distortion according to the present invention, but these change accordingly and are out of shape the protection range that all should belong to the claims in the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a lithium battery, is characterized in that, comprising:
Negative pole, described negative pole is the lithium sheet of coated lithium carbon phosphorous oxynitride solid electrolyte;
Liquid ferrocene positive pole; And
Collector, described collector is aluminium foil or stainless (steel) wire apply one deck carbon black, carbon nano-tube or graphene conductive agent to be formed.
2. lithium battery according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described liquid ferrocene just very ferrocene is dissolved in LiPF
6the solution formed in the electrolyte formed with organic solvent.
3. lithium battery according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the concentration of described liquid ferrocene positive pole is 0.5-1.5mol/L.
4. lithium battery according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the concentration of described liquid ferrocene positive pole is 1mol/L.
5. lithium battery according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described organic solvent is selected from the wherein at least one of EC-PC, EC-DEC, EC-DMC, DME or DMF.
6. lithium battery according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the chemical formula of described lithium carbon phosphorous oxynitride solid electrolyte is Li
xc
ypO
4-zn
z, wherein, x>3,0<y<1,0<z<1.
7. lithium battery according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described lithium carbon phosphorous oxynitride solid electrolyte is impalpable structure.
8. lithium battery according to claim 6, is characterized in that, the lithium ion conducting rate of described lithium carbon phosphorous oxynitride solid electrolyte is greater than 2 × 10
-6s/cm.
9. lithium battery according to claim 6, is characterized in that, the electrochemical window of described lithium carbon phosphorous oxynitride solid electrolyte is greater than 4.5V.
10. lithium battery according to claim 6, is characterized in that, the thickness of described lithium carbon phosphorous oxynitride solid electrolyte is 0.2 ~ 4 micron.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201510796805.6A CN105449216B (en) | 2015-11-18 | 2015-11-18 | A kind of lithium battery |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201510796805.6A CN105449216B (en) | 2015-11-18 | 2015-11-18 | A kind of lithium battery |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN105449216A true CN105449216A (en) | 2016-03-30 |
CN105449216B CN105449216B (en) | 2018-10-23 |
Family
ID=55559177
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201510796805.6A Active CN105449216B (en) | 2015-11-18 | 2015-11-18 | A kind of lithium battery |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN105449216B (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN112615008A (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2021-04-06 | 浙江师范大学 | Positive modified material M-N-CNT for lithium-sulfur battery, preparation method thereof and battery |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1447473A (en) * | 2003-03-06 | 2003-10-08 | 复旦大学 | Method for preparing lithium ion solid electrolyte film with large area |
CN1795577A (en) * | 2003-06-27 | 2006-06-28 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | Solid electrolyte and all-solid battery using same |
CN102800865A (en) * | 2012-08-28 | 2012-11-28 | 吴永胜 | Lithium battery with total solid ions for conducting power |
CN103000924A (en) * | 2011-09-16 | 2013-03-27 | 清华大学 | Organic phase dual flow battery |
CN104838467A (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2015-08-12 | 应用材料公司 | Plasma enhanced deposition arrangement for evaporation of dielectric materials, deposition apparatus and methods of operating thereof |
-
2015
- 2015-11-18 CN CN201510796805.6A patent/CN105449216B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1447473A (en) * | 2003-03-06 | 2003-10-08 | 复旦大学 | Method for preparing lithium ion solid electrolyte film with large area |
CN1795577A (en) * | 2003-06-27 | 2006-06-28 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | Solid electrolyte and all-solid battery using same |
CN103000924A (en) * | 2011-09-16 | 2013-03-27 | 清华大学 | Organic phase dual flow battery |
CN102800865A (en) * | 2012-08-28 | 2012-11-28 | 吴永胜 | Lithium battery with total solid ions for conducting power |
CN104838467A (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2015-08-12 | 应用材料公司 | Plasma enhanced deposition arrangement for evaporation of dielectric materials, deposition apparatus and methods of operating thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
刘文元等: "锂磷氧氮( LiPON) 薄膜电解质和全固态薄膜锂电池研究", 《化学学报》 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN112615008A (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2021-04-06 | 浙江师范大学 | Positive modified material M-N-CNT for lithium-sulfur battery, preparation method thereof and battery |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN105449216B (en) | 2018-10-23 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN105449186B (en) | A kind of secondary cell and preparation method thereof | |
CN107732304A (en) | The method that a kind of organosilicon electrolyte and silicon based electrode material fit use | |
CN103400962A (en) | Spherical LiFePO4/(C+La2/3-xLi3xTiO3) composite anode material and preparation method thereof | |
CN105576203A (en) | Graphene/silicone/carbon nano tube composite material and preparation method and application thereof | |
CN106602129B (en) | A kind of polyion battery and preparation method thereof | |
CN106803574B (en) | Anode material for lithium-ion batteries and its preparation method and application | |
CN108615855A (en) | Titanium phosphate sodium material prepared by a kind of carbon coating and preparation and application | |
CN109004220A (en) | A kind of boronic acid compounds modification lithium ion battery silicium cathode and preparation method thereof | |
CN104795564B (en) | A kind of positive electrode of Aqueous solution secondary battery, pole piece, secondary cell and purposes | |
CN103035941A (en) | Lithium ion secondary battery | |
CN103413905A (en) | High-voltage magnesium charge-discharge battery | |
CN104577120A (en) | Preparation method of lithium vanadium phosphate and fluorination lithium vanadium phosphate composite positive pole material | |
KR20190077319A (en) | Porous silicon material and conductive polymeric binder electrode | |
CN108232292A (en) | A kind of electrolyte for lithium ion battery | |
CN105428636A (en) | Lithium ion battery anode material based on lithium titanate and preparation method thereof | |
CN101262056A (en) | A water solution chargeable lithium ion battery | |
CN110518295A (en) | One kind can fill zinc-base battery | |
CN102931403A (en) | Application method of titanium magnesium phosphate in anode material of chargeable magnesium battery | |
CN108134079A (en) | The application of ferric phosphate and phosphoric acid iron composite material as cathode in Dual-ion cell | |
CN103928681A (en) | Symmetric aqueous solution lithium ion battery | |
CN104064824A (en) | Water system rechargeable battery | |
CN105322241A (en) | Aqueous ion-exchange cell | |
CN107452953A (en) | A kind of preparation method of hydrotalcite positive electrode for chlorion battery and the chlorion battery using hydrotalcite positive electrode | |
CN105428704B (en) | A kind of modified oxidized reduced form solid electrolyte and its preparation method and application | |
CN107706393B (en) | High-capacity solid lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20191223 Address after: 213300 Room 101, 23 Chuangzhi Road, Kunlun Street, Liyang City, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province Patentee after: Fuyang Solid State Energy Storage Technology (Liyang) Co., Ltd. Address before: 100098 Beijing city Haidian District Shuangyushu Bai TA an Rong Jia Yuan 2 Building No. 906 Patentee before: He Zhengfeng |
|
TR01 | Transfer of patent right |