CN1054475A - 用于内燃机的高分辨率传感器***及其制造方法 - Google Patents
用于内燃机的高分辨率传感器***及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
用于内燃机的高分辨率传感器具有安装在与发
动机同步转动的支承板上的对称与非对称的磁编码
器。用霍耳传感器件监测编码器的磁场并将其信号
传送到电子发动机控制部件上。由磁编码器的位置
判断出点火及燃料喷射的定时。该编码器在一装置
上磁化,以形成每个极的尺寸、强度及位置。
Description
本发明总的涉及一个点火定时控制***,更具体地说,涉及一个具有相对发动机轴位置定时点火的磁传感能力的***。
事实上现今生产的所有内燃发动机包括一个监视与控制点火定时的电子控制单元。那些曾经通过各种机械联动装置控制的功能愈来愈多地由电子控制单元来控制。利用这种控制装置,发动机的点火定时及每个汽缸阀的燃料喷射功能可以精确地受到控制。这种精确性提供了增大的效率及对于变化的工作条件的发动机相应性能。
现今通常使用的分配器传感器对于每个待点火的火花塞产生出一个脉冲或一个上升沿。
许多当前使用的分配器不能提供出控制燃料喷射***所需的信息,此外,这样的***也不能对电子控制单元提供出指示哪个火花塞将要被点火的信息。电子控制部件利用判断传感器信号之间的发动机速度及在接收到一个传感器信号后延迟一个计算的时间点火,由此来控制相对于阀及燃料喷射定时以前的点火。
在美国专利US 4,742,811中,OKada等人公开了一种利用贴在轴上的三个轴向相邻的磁铁柱的点火定时控制***。每个磁铁柱相对于一个霍耳传感器转动,后者在轴转动的不同角度位置上产生出信号。第一排磁铁是绕柱对称放置的;第二排是非对称放置的;而第三排是对称放置的,但是有一个脉冲与其余的脉冲有区别,其区别在于在该脉冲结束时有一个非常小的反向极点。通过电子控制单元对这三种信号的处理提供出对于***正确运行所必备的识别能力。
在OKada的专利中,磁铁柱一个高于另一个地排列,对于所述的组装,要有一个大体上最小的高度要求。再者,在第一柱中的二十四个对称的磁极表明:每个极对应于该柱圆周上的15度角度。角度平分的较宽脉冲限制了该装置的功能的精度。这个不精确性可采用三个磁铁柱来克服,而不采用较少数目的磁铁柱。
在Lemen的美国专利US 3,373,729中公开了一种内燃机用的电子点火***,它应用了一个在其***上等距离布置了多个磁铁的盘。该盘在垂直于其轴的方向上锯成一个槽,在该槽的两边盘的***上具有在轴向上极性相反的磁铁。在槽的中间放置了一个霍耳传感器,它根据在盘转动时产生的波动磁场产生出点火信号。这个装置实质上用于取代在标准机械定时点火***中的分配器的断闭点。该发明因而消除了机械的接触点以及它们的缺点,但是它没有改进点火及燃料喷射定时的精确度。
以上描述了在现有的装置及方法中的公知限制因素。于是,非常明显,需要提供一种用以直接克服一种或多种前述限制因素的具有优越性的变型。因此,本发明在于提出一种合适的变型,它将包含在以下公开的全部技术特征。
本发明的一个方面在于提供一种内燃机用的高分辨率的传感器***,它包括:第一及第二磁编码环,它们能适当地安装以便与发动机同步地运动;第一及第二信号采集装置,它们位于第一及第二磁编码装置运动路径的附近。本发明的磁编码器是在一个充磁装置上制得的,该充磁装置具有放置在一个支承件上的呈平面盘旋路径形状的电导线,并还具有放置在导线环路中间的磁场调整器,用以改变每个形成的磁极的尺寸、强度及位置。
上述方面及另外方面从以下结合附图对本发明的详细描述中将会变得更加明白。然而显然可以理解,这些附图不是用于限制本发明的,而是纯粹为了解释的目的。其附图为:
图1:该传感器***的局部剖视图;
图2:磁场传感器的平面图;
图3:二个磁编码器的平面图;
图4:保持架装置的平面图;
图5:从图4中线5-5所视的保持架的截面图;
图6:上方驱动盘,支承板及驱动弹簧片的顶视平面图;
图7:一个磁化装置的放大局部平面图,表示出用于南-北-南循环的单个磁化环路;
图8:与图7中所示相同的磁化装置部分的一个剖视图;
图9:由图7及图8的磁化装置产生的非对称磁化;
图10:磁场传感器从非对称磁编码器检测到的模拟信号及数字信号。
在图1上给出了本发明一个实施例的局部截面图。最好将该高分辨率传感***设计安装在现有的汽车分配器的底座上,然而,它也可安装在能被发动机的曲轴或凸轮轴同步驱动的发动机上或发动机内的任何地方。
在这个实施例中,可以看到分配器轴1,它用作驱动传感器***的旋转体,并穿过静止的分配器底座2伸出来,在该底座2上安装了传感器外壳30。高分辨率磁编码器10及低分辨率磁编码器15安装在支承板20上,该支承板20搭放在轴承/隔离块35上。编码器环10及15利用保持架环21连接到支承板上,该保持架环设有伸出的螺栓22,它从支承板20及驱动弹簧片40的孔中穿过。该保持架21的螺栓22是镦锻的,带螺纹的或者是被压紧的,用以紧压住该组件。
高分辨率传感器11及低分辨率传感器16被安装在适当的径向位置上,以便各自与高分辨率磁编码器10及低分辨率编码器15对准。这些传感器是霍耳效应传感器,其提供的合适的输出与运动速度无关。在传感器中产生的信号被传送到发动机的电子控制单元。
上方的驱动毂盘41与分配器轴1套合并被该轴旋转驱动。驱动弹簧片40从上方驱动毂盘41伸延到支承板20,并在这两盘板间提供驱动连接。驱动弹簧片设计得能适应分配器轴1的少量垂直位移而不至引起在上方驱动盘41与支承板20之间的任何相对转动。该特征对于避免定时的改变是必须的,否则就会由于分配器轴1的垂直运动而引起定时的改变。
盖51用来保护传感器***使其免遭损坏或玷污。附设的密封件52在盖51及分配器轴1以及在传感器外壳30及分配器轴1之间提供了相互连接。该密封件52可以是圆环形件或其它适合的密封装置。盖51放置在壳30上并用粘接剂或其它适合的密封方式紧固。外壳30的下面充填了可铸性密封剂50,用以保护传感器***的印刷线路板及其它电子部件。
高分辨率传感器11及低分辨率传感器16概要地表示在图2中的平面图上。图中可以看出,高分辨率传感器由两个霍耳效应传感器及与它们相连接的电子电路组成。利用在传感器中的响应使倒置在高分辨率磁编码器环10中的每个磁极所产生的信号数目加倍来提供高分辨率。而在低分辨传感器16中仅使用了一个霍耳效应传感器。
图3示出一个用以表示高分辨率磁编码器环10及低分辨率磁编码器环15的平面示意图。高分辨率编码器环10具有大量数目的磁极。在该优选实施例中该环具有360个极,但它也可视发动机设计要求而定设置更多的或较少的极。作为例子,对于四缸发动机,低分辨率磁编码器环15如图所示具有16个极。其中有四个集中的强磁性的N极,八个中磁性的S极及四个磁性很弱、很分散的N极。四个集中的强磁性N极,每个用于一个气缸,它们用来指示哪一个气缸需要点火或是需要燃料。这是由于设置了不同角度范围的磁极来达到的。例如,可以设有1度,2度,3度及4度的磁极来指示它们各自被施加的气缸。这样在一个四缸发动机中,3度磁铁相当于第3号气缸。应注意,所有的定时是在磁脉冲的上升沿时形成的。
保持架环21表示在图4及5中。由这些图可以看出,磁铁保持架环21是环状的并具有“T”形截面。此外,它还具有多个伸出的用于使环与磁铁紧固到止推板或支承板20上的螺栓22。根据所采用的磁铁安装方式,该保持架环也可以作成一种“L”截面。
伸出的螺栓22穿过两个磁铁环10及15中间的间隙,穿过支承板20及穿过驱动弹簧片40。驱动弹簧片40在分配器轴1所套合的上方驱动盘41与支承板20间传递旋转驱动力。它也使得支承板20及轴承/隔离块35之间保持牢固接触。
图6表示上方驱动盘41,驱动弹簧片40,下方驱动板42及伸出的螺栓22的平面概图。弹簧片40在这里表示为具有三条腿,但它也可根据设计的要求具有较多或较少的腿。
图7及8表示用于使低分辨率磁编码器环非对称磁化的磁化装置90的平面图及截面图。该装置包括一个钢底板89,在该底板上放置了一个沿该装置表面呈平面盘旋形式的电导线98。在该导线98中各圈的尺寸是由在该圈中所需的磁极的尺寸决定的。当在该装置上放一个磁化物体时,该物体应放置在该装置的顶部。当在导线98中通过一个非常高安培的脉冲时,就在钢底板89中及在放置在该装置顶部的磁性材料中产生磁极。铝的或塑料的磁场调整器96具有双重用途:首先,它用作导线98中线圈的隔离物;其次,若为铝的磁场调整器,则用以使被磁化工件中产生的N极的磁强度略微地减小,该被磁化工件放置在导线98线圈中的区域的上方。当铝的磁场调整器92用以降低磁极的强度时,钢的磁场调整器94则用来增强在该调整器上方工件中所感应出的磁极的强度,并且实际造成了钢磁场调整器94上方磁极的压缩或成形。
应注意,钢磁场调整器增强了在其上形成的磁极的磁场强度;空气或塑料实质上是中性的,既不能增强也不能削弱磁场;而铝用于实质上排斥磁场或使之畸变以使得磁场更集中在与增强的或中性的调整器邻近的区域中。于是,利用对磁化电流脉冲的电流强度和宽度、导线98线圈尺寸及磁场调整器92、94及96尺寸及布置的选择,以及对磁场调整器材料及布置顺序的选择,在被磁化工件上磁极的尺寸、强度及位置即可非常精确地受到控制。
图9表示利用图7及8中的非对称磁化装置产生的磁极阵列的示意图。强磁性的N极106产生在图7及8中所示磁化装置部分的中央。较弱的及集中的较强的S极104相应于布置钢磁场调整器94的地方,而S极104至弱N极100交界处102大致产生在铝磁场调整器92的上方。由任何一个磁极发出的磁通正比于该磁极的磁场强度。在一个被磁化的环中,由所有的N极发出的全部磁通必须等于由所有的N极发出的或进入N极的全部磁通。因而,在图9所示的曲线中磁场强度用垂直轴表示,而磁通正比于水平轴上方或下方的曲线面积。如果在一个圆磁环上的所有磁极用与此相似的图形来表示时,则在所有N极下方的全部面积应等于在所有S极上方的全部面积。
图10表示由低分辨率磁编码器15的一转所产生的模拟信号120及数字信号130。模拟信号迹120代表霍耳传感器的原输出。数字信号迹130代表在传感器电路中信号处理后的相同输出。这些信号迹表明了不对称性,它提供了这样的识别:即允许确定的气缸接收点火信号。在这种情况下,每隔一个脉冲对应于2度角度。脉冲122及126每个均为2度脉冲,而脉冲124及128各为7度及12度脉冲。模拟的,或未处理的信号表示全磁编码器环的全部16个极或8个双极。数字信号迹130仅示出了由这16个极产生的4个脉冲。这是由信号处理来完成的,该信号处理设计得仅识别正极或N极,并且其磁场强度要大于扩散的N极115的幅值。因而,数字信号迹130仅识别出四个强N极122,124,126及128。因此,对于低分辨率编码器环15每转一转仅有四个脉冲被低分辨率传感器电路发送给电子控制部件。定时功能由每个脉冲的上升沿控制,而其识别功能是由每个脉冲的角度宽度来确定的。
当然,高分辨率磁编码器环10与低分辨率磁编码器环15同步地转动。因为该高分辨率编码器环10具有360个极并且有两个高分辨率磁场传感器11与该环10相联,所以高分辨率编码器环10每转一转产生出720个脉冲。于是不用内插法即可获得0.5度的分辨率,若用内插法还可得到更精细的分辨率。
Claims (18)
1、一种用于内燃机的传感器***,其特征在于:第一个环形磁编码器,它具有一系列均匀分布的及相同尺寸的磁极;第二个环形磁编码器,它具有一系列非均匀分布的磁极,由此相邻磁极的强度是不相同的;至少一个可转动的支承件,用于支承所述的第一及第二环形磁编码器;至少一个第一磁场传感器,它位于所述第一环形磁编码器转动路径的附近;一个第二磁场传感器,它位于所述第二环形磁编码器转动路径的附近。
2、根据权利要求1的传感器***,其特征在于:所述可转动的支承件包括一个环形止推轴承的座圈板。
3、根据权利要求1的传感器***,其特征在于:所述可转动支承件由一驱动轴驱动。
4、根据权利要求1的传感器***,其特征在于:所述第一及第二环形磁编码器环利用一个连接装置被固定在所述可转动的支承件上;该连接装置的特征为:一个环件具有一个在一轴向面上的平直区域用于压紧所述编码器;一个轴向伸展的环形板块,它从所述环件的平直面上伸出一段距离,该距离正比于所述编码器环的轴向厚度;至少一个轴向伸出的螺栓,它从所述轴向伸展的环形板块的轴向表面上伸出,并用于将编码器连接到所述可转动支承件上。
5、根据权利要求1的传感器***,其特征在于:所述第一及第二磁场传感器被安装在至少一个壳件中。
6、根据权利要求1的传感器***,其特征在于:所述第一及第二磁场传感器包括霍耳效应器件及适合的电路的组合。
7、根据权利要求1的传感器***,其特征在于:一个轴承部件,在其上放置了所述可转动支承件。
8、根据权利要求6的传感器***,其特征在于:具有一使所述可转动支承件及所述轴承部件之间保持牢固接触的弹簧部件。
9、用于在磁材料上形成磁极的装置,其特征在于:一个支承件;一个电导线,它以平面盘绕路径形状放置在所述支承件上;在导线的盘绕环之间所述支承件的区域中放置的磁场调整器,用以改变产生的磁极的强度。
10、根据权利要求9的装置,其特征在于:磁场强度调整器是根据所需的磁场强度从一组材料:空气,塑料,铝及钢中所选材料作成的。
11、根据权利要求10的装置,其特征在于:所产生每个磁极的尺寸及磁场强度是由对每个磁场调整器所选材料、在导线中磁化环的尺寸及布置、磁化电流脉冲的电流强度及宽度来控制的。
12、根据权利要求1的传感器***,其特征在于:所述第二环形磁编码器同极性的磁极的强度是不相同的。
13、根据权利要求1的传感器***,其特征在于:第二环形磁编码器的一些不同强度的磁极的强度低于能被第二磁场传感器检测到的最小强度。
14、根据权利要求1的传感器***,其特征在于:第一磁传感器的数目为两个,并且所述两个传感器布置得使布置的极检测分辨率加倍。
15、一种磁传感器***,其特征在于:磁编码器环具有一系列磁极,其中磁极的布置是非均匀的,并且相邻磁极的强度是不同的;并有一磁场传感器位于磁编码器环的附近。
16、根据权利要求15的磁传感器***,其特征在于:同极性的磁极的强度是不同的。
17、根据权利要求15的磁传感器***,其特征在于:磁编码器环一些不同强度的磁极的强度低于所述磁场传感器能检测到的最小强度。
18、根据权利要求15的磁传感器***,其特征在于:所述磁场传感器是霍耳效应器件及适当的电子线路的组合。
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US482,693 | 1990-02-21 | ||
US07/482,693 US5097209A (en) | 1990-02-21 | 1990-02-21 | Magnetic encoder and sensor system for internal combustion engines |
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CN1054475A true CN1054475A (zh) | 1991-09-11 |
CN1040902C CN1040902C (zh) | 1998-11-25 |
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US (1) | US5097209A (zh) |
EP (2) | EP0718494A3 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2634494B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR950000231B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1040902C (zh) |
AR (1) | AR247274A1 (zh) |
AU (2) | AU627391B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9100698A (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69125637T2 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2101731T3 (zh) |
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-
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- 1991-01-15 AR AR91318848A patent/AR247274A1/es active
- 1991-02-19 DE DE69125637T patent/DE69125637T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-02-19 EP EP96102570A patent/EP0718494A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1991-02-19 ES ES91400437T patent/ES2101731T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-02-19 EP EP91400437A patent/EP0443938B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-02-20 JP JP3024998A patent/JP2634494B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-02-20 KR KR1019910002712A patent/KR950000231B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-02-21 CN CN91101082A patent/CN1040902C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-02-21 BR BR919100698A patent/BR9100698A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
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CN104246446A (zh) * | 2012-04-20 | 2014-12-24 | 迪姆肯公司 | 用于产生指示信号的磁性编码器 |
CN104246446B (zh) * | 2012-04-20 | 2017-05-31 | 迪姆肯公司 | 用于产生指示信号的磁性编码器 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP0443938A3 (en) | 1993-09-01 |
EP0443938A2 (en) | 1991-08-28 |
KR950000231B1 (ko) | 1995-01-12 |
EP0718494A3 (en) | 1997-11-05 |
AU6869491A (en) | 1991-08-22 |
US5097209A (en) | 1992-03-17 |
ES2101731T3 (es) | 1997-07-16 |
AU1814392A (en) | 1992-09-10 |
JP2634494B2 (ja) | 1997-07-23 |
DE69125637D1 (de) | 1997-05-22 |
AR247274A1 (es) | 1994-11-30 |
EP0443938B1 (en) | 1997-04-16 |
AU644740B2 (en) | 1993-12-16 |
JPH0540004A (ja) | 1993-02-19 |
BR9100698A (pt) | 1991-10-29 |
KR910021536A (ko) | 1991-12-20 |
EP0718494A2 (en) | 1996-06-26 |
DE69125637T2 (de) | 1997-10-23 |
CN1040902C (zh) | 1998-11-25 |
AU627391B2 (en) | 1992-08-20 |
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