CN105445219B - 一种增强生物样品在太赫兹波段吸收光谱信号的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种增强生物样品在太赫兹波段吸收光谱信号的方法,采用的是用黑硅包埋、支撑生物样品的方法。将生物样品填充在黑硅材料表面的微纳结构之间,再进行冷冻干燥。当太赫兹波入射到黑硅材料上时,将在微纳结构之间发生多次反射,从而可以多次通过生物样品,增长太赫兹波与生物样品相互作用的距离,最终获得增强的生物样品吸收光谱信号,提高生物样品识别度。方法简单易行,成本低廉。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种信号增强技术,特别涉及一种增强生物样品在太赫兹波段吸收光谱信号的方法。
背景技术
近几十年来,太赫兹波以其广泛的应用前景,已成为国际上物理领域的一个重要研究课题。太赫兹辐射是频率在0.1到10 THz范围的电磁波,这一波段位于微波与红外之间,具有携带信息量丰富、高时空相干性、低光子能量等特性,在天文、生物、计算机、通信等科学领域有着巨大的应用价值。目前,主要的应用研究有太赫兹时域光谱技术、太赫兹成像技术、安全检查、太赫兹雷达、天文学、通信技术。
太赫兹光谱学的产生和发展,为生物医学研究打开了新的窗口。近年来研究表明,大多数的生物分子,其转动、振动能级以及分子间的弱相互作用能级,均位于太赫兹频谱波段内,其中弱相互作用包括很多分子中都含有的氢键,其转动运动和振动运动也都正好落在太赫兹波段。由此可以利用太赫兹光谱技术来研究生物分子的光谱特性以及动力学特性。
目前,在太赫兹光谱生物检测技术中,生物样品的制备方法主要有:石蜡包埋、PE粉压片、特氟龙夹片等。
然而这些方法都有它们各自的缺点,比如:石蜡包埋法中样品中所含水分较多,水分会影响太赫兹波信号的传输,从而使得探测到的太赫兹波信号强度被大幅弱化;PE粉压片法在生物样品量较少时,太赫兹波与样品的作用范围很少,光谱上也就很难找到特征峰;特氟龙夹片法只能对样品量较多且水含量很低的固体或粘稠的流体适用。
因此,目前对生物样品的检测中,困扰研究人员的两大难题分别是样品量少和样品中含水。这两大问题会导致最终的吸收光谱信号始终不够明显、过于微弱、甚至混杂于背景噪声中而难以分辨。截至目前,尚无有效方法可以解决上述问题。
发明内容
本发明是针对目前太赫兹波在生物检测方面,对于量少或含水的样品所得光谱信号总是不够明显,甚至过于微弱,难以与噪声产生区别的问题,提出了一种增强生物样品在太赫兹波段吸收光谱信号的方法,采用的是以黑硅包埋、支撑生物样品的方法。将生物样品填充在黑硅材料表面的微纳结构之间,再进行冷冻干燥。当太赫兹波入射到黑硅材料上时,能在微纳结构之间发生多次反射,从而可以多次通过生物样品,增长太赫兹波与生物样品相互作用的距离,进而提高太赫兹波穿过样品的几率,最终获得增强的生物样品吸收光谱信号,提高生物样品识别度。
本发明的技术方案为:一种增强生物样品在太赫兹波段吸收光谱信号的方法,具体包括如下步骤:
1)测试黑硅样品片制作:选用一块参数已知的黑硅材料,将待测生物样品填充到此黑硅材料的表面微纳结构之间形成黑硅样品片,将此黑硅样品片放到冷冻干燥器中经-80℃冷冻2小时后,再放入真空腔进行真空干燥12个小时;
2)将太赫兹源,检测架和信号探测器依次置于同一轴线上后,放入测量箱中,将步骤1)制备好的黑硅样品片放在检测架上, 密闭测量箱,向测量箱中充入干燥气体;
3)测量箱环境湿度降低至小于5%并保持时,打开太赫兹源,太赫兹源产生的太赫兹波,照射在检测架上所装载的黑硅样品片表面,黑硅样品片表面微纳结构使入射太赫兹波发生多次反射并穿过填充在结构之间的待测样品,带着样品特征信号的太赫兹波从硅片另一面射出,并被信号探测器探测接收,通过计算分析后即可得到增强后的待测样品的吸收光谱。
本发明的有益效果在于:本发明增强生物样品在太赫兹波段吸收光谱信号的方法,装置简单,容易操作。只需要将生物样品填充在黑硅材料表面的微纳结构之间,再进行冷冻干燥,使太赫兹波入射到黑硅材料表面时,能在其表面微纳结构之间发生多次反射,从而可以多次通过生物样品,增长太赫兹波与生物样品相互作用的距离,进而提高太赫兹波穿过样品的几率,以此增强被检测样品的吸收光谱信号,提高样品识别度。
附图说明
图1为本发明实现增强生物样品在太赫兹波段下探测光谱信号的方法中整体装置结构示意图;
图2为本发明实现增强生物样品在太赫兹波段下探测光谱信号的方法中部分太赫兹波在黑硅微纳结构之间多次反射和穿过样品的原理示意图;
图3为本发明实现增强生物样品在太赫兹波段下探测光谱信号的方法中所用到的黑硅材料表面的扫描电子显微镜成像图。
具体实施方式
如图1实现增强生物样品在太赫兹波段下探测光谱信号的方法中整体装置结构示意图所示,由测量箱1,太赫兹源2,检测架3,和信号探测器4组成。
检测仪器均放在充满干燥气体的密闭测量箱1中,太赫兹源2,检测架3,和信号探测器4依次置于同一轴线上。由太赫兹源2产生的太赫兹波,照射在检测架3上所装载的黑硅样品片表面,黑硅样品片由待测样品填充在黑硅材料表面的微纳结构之间形成,黑硅样品片表面微纳结构使入射太赫兹波发生多次反射并穿过填充在这些结构之间的待测样品,带着样品特征信号的太赫兹波从硅片另一面射出,并被信号探测器4探测接收,通过计算分析后即可得到增强后的待测样品的吸收光谱。
在下面的实施例中,以:将黑硅样品片作为生物样品包埋、支撑载体,放在用光电导天线产生太赫兹波的光谱仪中扫描测量为例,其他生物样品和光谱仪的实施方法与本实施方法基本一致。
首先以激光烧蚀法准备两块参数一致的黑硅材料,一块用作参考信号测试,一块用作生物样品测试。将待测生物样品填充到其中一块黑硅材料的表面微纳结构之间,将此黑硅样品片放到冷冻干燥器中经-80℃冷冻2小时后,再放入真空腔进行真空干燥12个小时以上。
具体实现增强生物样品在太赫兹波段吸收光谱信号的过程如下:向测量箱1中充入干燥气体。等待测量箱环境湿度降低至小于5%(整个测量过程中需保持箱内湿度值始终小于5%),打开太赫兹光谱仪,让太赫兹源2产生太赫兹波。将没有涂抹样品的干净黑硅样片放在检测架3上,将此时信号探测器4所接收到的信号取为参考信号,测出干净黑硅样品片的时域谱线,再将该时域谱线通过傅里叶变换得到频域谱线,作为参考信号。随后从检测架3上取下干净黑硅样片,将填充了生物样品并已经过冷冻干燥处理的黑硅样品片放在检测架3上,如图2所示太赫兹波在黑硅微纳结构之间多次反射和穿过样品的原理示意图,当太赫兹波入射到黑硅材料上时,将在微纳结构之间发生多次反射,从而可以多次通过生物样品,增长太赫兹波与生物样品相互作用的距离,用探测器4收集并探测出样品的时域谱线,傅里叶变换后得到频域谱线,作为样品信号。将参考信号与样品信号相除取对数,得到生物样品的太赫兹波吸收峰信号,用于观察特征峰。如图3为本发明实现增强生物样品在太赫兹波段下探测光谱信号的方法中所用到的黑硅材料表面的扫描电子显微镜成像图。如果需要比较不同材料、方法对吸收光谱信号增强的不同效果,可再检测平整表面涂抹了相同样品且经过同样冷冻干燥处理后的普通硅片、特氟龙片的光谱吸收信号,并分别进行数据分析。可发现,填充在黑硅微纳结构之间的生物样品其光谱信号和吸收谱波峰均会得到较明显的增强与改善。此方法简单易操作,效果显著,成本低廉。
Claims (1)
1.一种增强生物样品在太赫兹波段吸收光谱信号的方法,其特征在于,具体包括如下步骤:
1)测试黑硅样品片制作:选用一块参数已知的黑硅材料,将待测生物样品填充到此黑硅材料的表面微纳结构之间形成黑硅样品片,将此黑硅样品片放到冷冻干燥器中经-80℃冷冻2小时后,再放入真空腔进行真空干燥12个小时;
2)将太赫兹源,检测架和信号探测器依次置于同一轴线上后,放入测量箱中,将步骤1)制备好的黑硅样品片放在检测架上, 密闭测量箱,向测量箱中充入干燥气体;
3)测量箱环境湿度降低至小于5%并保持时,打开太赫兹源,太赫兹源产生的太赫兹波,照射在检测架上所装载的黑硅样品片表面,黑硅样品片表面微纳结构使入射太赫兹波发生多次反射并穿过填充在结构之间的待测样品,带着样品特征信号的太赫兹波从硅片另一面射出,并被信号探测器探测接收,通过计算分析后即可得到增强后的待测样品的吸收光谱。
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US11346778B1 (en) * | 2020-01-02 | 2022-05-31 | University Of Shanghai For Science And Technology | Method for detecting petroleum with a staggered toroidal chip |
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