CN105445199A - Measuring apparatus for inversion number of atoms - Google Patents
Measuring apparatus for inversion number of atoms Download PDFInfo
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- CN105445199A CN105445199A CN201510916526.9A CN201510916526A CN105445199A CN 105445199 A CN105445199 A CN 105445199A CN 201510916526 A CN201510916526 A CN 201510916526A CN 105445199 A CN105445199 A CN 105445199A
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- resonance absorption
- atom
- bubble
- current value
- pumping
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
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Abstract
The invention discloses a measuring apparatus for the inversion number of atoms, belonging to the field of atomic frequency standard. The measuring apparatus comprises a light source which is used for providing pumping light, a resonance absorption bubble which is filled with to-be-pumped atoms and buffering gas, a magnetic field unit which is used for providing an applied magnetic field for the resonance absorption bubble, a radio frequency unit which is used for providing an applied radiofrequency field for the resonance absorption bubble, a detection unit which is used for detecting the current value of the pumping light having passed through the resonance absorption bubble and a control unit which is used for controlling the opening and closuring of the detection unit and calculating the inversion number of atoms according to a first current value and a second current value, wherein the resonance absorption bubble and the detection unit are successively located on an advancing path of the pumping light provided by the light source, and the control unit is electrically connected with the detection unit and the radio frequency unit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to atomic transition field, particularly a kind of Atom Inversion number measurement mechanism.
Background technology
Atomic transition refers to, under external influence, the process that atom changes from a state to another state generation great-jump-forward, the state before atomic transition occurs is called initial state, and the state after transition occurs is called final states.
Transition device for realizing atomic transition mainly comprises: light source, resonance absorption bubble and radio-frequency field.Resonance absorption is steeped additional magnetic field and is divided for the atom in resonance absorption bubble, and radio-frequency field is used for making resonance absorption steep interior atom generation ground state magnetic resonance transition.For Rb atom, be equipped with when radio-frequency field acts on
87when the resonance absorption of Rb is steeped, in resonance absorption bubble, atom exists | F=2, mF=0> and | F=1, these two energy inter-stage generation magnetic resonance of mF=0>, so just there is part of atoms from | F=2, mF=0> transits to | F=1, on mF=0> energy level, cause | F=1, the increase of mF=0> energy level population, increasing | the ratio of the particle of F=1, mF=0> energy level is defined as inverted population.The performance of the size reflection radio-frequency field of inverted population, the size therefore measuring inverted population is very important to the design of transition device.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems of the prior art, embodiments provide a kind of Atom Inversion number measurement mechanism.Described technical scheme is as follows:
Embodiments provide a kind of Atom Inversion number measurement mechanism, described device comprises:
Light source, for providing pumping light;
Resonance absorption is steeped, and is equipped with and treats pumping atom and buffer gas;
Magnetic field units, for providing externally-applied magnetic field for described resonance absorption bubble, described externally-applied magnetic field is used for treating that pumping atom divides in described resonance absorption bubble;
Radio frequency unit, for providing applied radio frequency field for described resonance absorption bubble, described applied radio frequency field is used for treating pumping atom generation ground state magnetic resonance transition in described resonance absorption bubble;
Detecting unit, for detecting the current value of described pumping light after described resonance absorption bubble, when described radio frequency unit is closed, described current value is the first current value, and when described radio frequency unit is opened, described current value is the second current value;
Control module, for controlling the opening and closing of described detecting unit, and calculate Atom Inversion number according to described first current value and described second current value, for representing in described resonance absorption bubble, described Atom Inversion number treats that pumping atom is under described applied radio frequency field action, the atomicity that transition between ground state level occurs accounts for the ratio of total atom number;
Described resonance absorption bubble, described detecting unit are located on the progress path of the described pumping light that described light source provides successively, and described control module is electrically connected with described detecting unit and described radio frequency unit respectively.
In a kind of implementation of the embodiment of the present invention, described in treat that pumping atom is
87rb, described light source is for being filled with
87the spectrum lamp of Rb gas.
In the another kind of implementation of the embodiment of the present invention, described device also comprise be equipped with described in treat the isotope atom of pumping atom optical filtering bubble, described optical filtering bubble be located at described light source and described resonance absorption bubble between.
In the another kind of implementation of the embodiment of the present invention, described device also comprises lens, and described lens are located between described optical filtering bubble and described light source.
In the another kind of implementation of the embodiment of the present invention, described detecting unit comprises photoelectric cell.
In the another kind of implementation of the embodiment of the present invention, described resonance absorption bubble comprises microwave cavity and is placed in described microwave cavity
87rb absorbs bubble.
In the another kind of implementation of the embodiment of the present invention, described magnetic field units is hot-wire coil, and hot-wire coil is wound on outside described microwave cavity.
In the another kind of implementation of the embodiment of the present invention, described device also comprises:
The timer be electrically connected with described control module, described control module opens and closes in identical time span for controlling described radio frequency unit, and in each described time span, calculates the mean value of the current value that described detecting unit records respectively.
In the another kind of implementation of the embodiment of the present invention, described device also comprises:
Coherent source, produces for compartment of terrain the wave frequency signal function meeting Bohr condition and steeps in described resonance absorption.
In the another kind of implementation of the embodiment of the present invention, described device also comprises:
For carrying out thermostatically controlled temperature conditioning unit to described light source and described resonance absorption bubble, described temperature conditioning unit steeps with described light source and described resonance absorption respectively and is electrically connected.
The beneficial effect that the technical scheme that the embodiment of the present invention provides is brought is:
There is provided pumping light action to steep in resonance absorption by light source, the current value of light inspection unit to described pumping light after described resonance absorption bubble is measured; Due in optical pumping process, when there is energy level variations in ground state atom resonance under additional radio-frequency field effect, can by pumping optical pumping to excited state, the inverted population of atom when therefore the change of pumping light reflects atomic resonance; Therefore, by controlling the switch of radio-frequency field, and the current value of pumping light under measuring the on off state of radio-frequency field respectively, can calculate Atom Inversion number, the device that the embodiment of the present invention provides is when carrying out Atom Inversion number and measuring, and whole measuring process is easy to be convenient.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention, below the accompanying drawing used required in describing embodiment is briefly described, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the prerequisite not paying creative work, other accompanying drawing can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the Atom Inversion number measurement mechanism that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
Fig. 2 is that the embodiment of the present invention provides
87rb and
85the line-pairs of Rb compares schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is after the filtration that provides of the embodiment of the present invention
87rb spectrum line schematic diagram.
Embodiment
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearly, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiment of the present invention is described further in detail.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of Atom Inversion number measurement mechanism that the embodiment of the present invention provides, and see Fig. 1, this device comprises:
Light source 101, for providing pumping light.
Resonance absorption bubble 102, is equipped with and treats pumping atom and buffer gas.
Magnetic field units 103, for 102 providing externally-applied magnetic field for resonance absorption bubble, externally-applied magnetic field is used for treating that pumping atom divides in resonance absorption bubble 102.
Radio frequency unit 104, for 102 providing applied radio frequency field for resonance absorption bubble, applied radio frequency field is used for treating pumping atom generation ground state magnetic resonance transition in resonance absorption bubble 102.
Detecting unit 105, for detecting the current value of pumping light after resonance absorption bubble 102, when radio frequency unit 104 is closed, current value is the first current value, and when radio frequency unit 104 is opened, current value is the second current value.
Control module 106, for controlling the opening and closing of detecting unit 105, and calculate Atom Inversion number according to the first current value and the second current value, for representing in resonance absorption bubble 102, Atom Inversion number treats that pumping atom is under additional radio-frequency field effect, the atomicity that transition between ground state level occurs accounts for the ratio of total atom number.
Resonance absorption bubble 102, detecting unit 105 are located on the progress path of the pumping light that light source 101 provides successively, and control module 106 is electrically connected with detecting unit 105 and radio frequency unit 104 respectively.
Particularly, Atom Inversion number can be the ratio of the second current value and the first current value.
Wherein, treat that pumping atom is
87rb, light source 101 is for being filled with
87the spectrum lamp of Rb gas.
Alternatively, device also comprises the optical filtering bubble 107 that the isotope atom treating pumping atom is housed, and optical filtering bubble 107 is located between light source 101 and resonance absorption bubble 102.Optical filtering bubble 107 treats the isotope atom of pumping atom for adopting, filter out in pumping light in two hyperfine structure compositions.These two hyperfine structure compositions are respectively: in the excited state of atom and ground state energy level higher (F=2) hyperfine structure between the hyperfine structure composition of transition spectral line and the excited state of atom and ground state in energy level lower (F=1) hyperfine structure between the hyperfine structure composition of transition spectral line.
Alternatively, device also comprises lens 108, and lens 108 are located between optical filtering bubble 107 and light source 101.Lens 108 for focusing on pumping light, make pumping light arrive optical filtering bubble 107 time more concentrated.
Wherein, detecting unit 105 comprises photoelectric cell.
Wherein, resonance absorption bubble 102 comprises microwave cavity and is placed in microwave cavity
87rb absorbs bubble.
Wherein, magnetic field units 103 is hot-wire coil, and hot-wire coil is wound on outside microwave cavity.
Alternatively, this device also comprises:
The timer be electrically connected with control module 106, control module 106 opens and closes in identical time span for controlling radio frequency unit 104, and in each time span, calculate the mean value of the current value that detecting unit 105 records respectively, make measurement result more accurate by the average of calculating current value.
Alternatively, this device also comprises:
Coherent source, produces the wave frequency signal function meeting Bohr condition and steeps 102 in resonance absorption for compartment of terrain.Coherent source exports the wave frequency signal function meeting Bohr condition and steeps 102 (transistion regions) in resonance absorption with certain hour interval of delta t interval, the transistion region resonance absorption time can be extended, be conducive to the measuring accuracy improving Atom Inversion number, the length of transistion region also can be done very short, avoids conventional art extends transistion region length to extend the time of atomic transition.Coherent source and resonance absorption are steeped 102 and are connected.
Alternatively, this device also comprises:
For carrying out thermostatically controlled temperature conditioning unit to light source 101 and resonance absorption bubble 102, temperature conditioning unit steeps 102 with light source 101 and resonance absorption respectively and is electrically connected, and carries out to light source 101 and resonance absorption bubble 102 the carrying out that thermostatic control is conducive to atom-exciting radiation and pumping.
Below for rubidium atom, the principle of device provided by the invention is described:
With
87rb atom is example,
87rb excited of atoms comprises 5
2p
3/2with 5
2p
1/2state, setting
87rb atom is from 5
2p
3/2with 5
2p
1/2state gets back to ground state, and to give off two pumping light be D1 line and D2 line.So D1 and D2 line includes a line and b line.In the present embodiment the hyperfine structure composition of the transition spectral line between hyperfine structure lower for energy level in the hyperfine structure composition of the transition spectral line between hyperfine structure higher for energy level in the excited state of atom and ground state and the excited state of atom and ground state is set to a line and b line respectively.
In light source 101
87rb atom is from 5
2p
3/2with 5
2p
1/2state is got back to ground state and is given off D1 line and D2 line two pumping light.Because every bar pumping light all contains a line and b line, therefore have four spectral lines.
Be filled with
85in the optical filtering bubble 107 of Rb,
85the spectrum line of Rb has D1 line and D2 line equally, and every bar line includes two hyperfine composition A lines and B line.
By in light source 101
87the pumping illumination of Rb atom is penetrated in optical filtering bubble 107
85rb, filters
87one in pumping light two hyperfine structure compositions of Rb atom.Particularly, be a line by the hyperfine structure composition of filtering.See Fig. 2, contrast
87rb and
85the spectrum line of Rb is known,
87rb and
85in the D1 line of Rb, a line and A line at a distance of comparatively near, b line and B line apart from each other, D2 line situation is substantially the same.Therefore work as
87the pumping light of Rb is prepared after module 2 through state selection, a line quilt in D1, D2 line
85rb optical filtering bubble 107 sponges, and only can be left two b lines, as shown in Figure 3.
After blobs 107 is filtered out the pumping light arrival resonance absorption bubble 102 of a line after filtration, in resonance absorption bubble 102
87if the energy level that Rb atom is in ground state F=1 will be pumped into 5 by b line
2p
3/2or 5
2p
1/2energy level gets on, but excited state life is very short, and they spontaneous radiation can return ground state again very soon.Due to during excited state, collision makes excited state fully mix, fall when returning ground state the probability of F=2 energy level and F=1 energy level several be considered as equal.But due to the existence of pumping light, 5 can be pumped into by b line again as long as fall on F=1 energy level
2p
3/2or 5
2p
1/2energy level gets on; And owing to not having exciting of pumping light, the atom dropped on F=2 energy level is but stably be parked on this energy level.Just because of the existence of this process, the end product of pumping light action is necessarily pumped into the atom of ground state F=1 energy state on ground state F=2 energy level, and the population difference through optical pumping ground state F=2 and F=1 energy level about adds 1000 times.
In 87Rb atom optical pumping process, when not having radio-frequency field effect, due to the effect of pumping light, there is certain value in the population N1 on F=1 energy level.After having radio-frequency field effect, in resonance absorption bubble 102, atom exists | F=2, mF=0> and | F=1, these two energy inter-stage generation magnetic resonance of mF=0>, like this with regard to some atom from | F=2, mF=0> transits to | on F=1, mF=0> energy level, thus cause the increase of N1 population.If but have the energy of an atomic radiation microwave quantum from | F=2, mF=0> transits to | F=1, on mF=0> energy level, just can absorb again one is irradiated to the light quantum resonance absorption bubble 102 after optical filtering bubble 107 acts on energy from light source 101 at once, thus be excited to excited state, thus make to be died down by the Pump intensity of 87Rb resonance absorption bubble 102.Therefore by detecting the light intensity of the pumping light through resonance absorption bubble 102, the value of Atom Inversion number can be determined.
In addition, in the present invention, if do not arrange 85Rb optical filtering bubble 107 to still have optical pumping effect.Because 87Rb pumping light can be filtered a line at the first half through 87Rb resonance absorption bubble 102, and just the effect of filtering is more weak, realizes optical pumping when steeping the latter half of 102 by 87Rb resonance absorption.Therefore, the bubble 107 that filters in the present invention, for selectable unit, arranges the effect that optical filtering bubble 107 can improve optical pumping.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or part of step realizing above-described embodiment can have been come by hardware, the hardware that also can carry out instruction relevant by program completes, described program can be stored in a kind of computer-readable recording medium, the above-mentioned storage medium mentioned can be ROM (read-only memory), disk or CD etc.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. an Atom Inversion number measurement mechanism, is characterized in that, described device comprises:
Light source, for providing pumping light;
Resonance absorption is steeped, and is equipped with and treats pumping atom and buffer gas;
Magnetic field units, for providing externally-applied magnetic field for described resonance absorption bubble, described externally-applied magnetic field is used for treating that pumping atom divides in described resonance absorption bubble;
Radio frequency unit, for providing applied radio frequency field for described resonance absorption bubble, described applied radio frequency field is used for treating pumping atom generation ground state magnetic resonance transition in described resonance absorption bubble;
Detecting unit, for detecting the current value of described pumping light after described resonance absorption bubble, when described radio frequency unit is closed, described current value is the first current value, and when described radio frequency unit is opened, described current value is the second current value;
Control module, for controlling the opening and closing of described detecting unit, and calculate Atom Inversion number according to described first current value and described second current value, for representing in described resonance absorption bubble, described Atom Inversion number treats that pumping atom is under described applied radio frequency field action, the atomicity that transition between ground state level occurs accounts for the ratio of total atom number;
Described resonance absorption bubble, described detecting unit are located on the progress path of the described pumping light that described light source provides successively, and described control module is electrically connected with described detecting unit and described radio frequency unit respectively.
2. device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described in treat that pumping atom is
87rb, described light source is for being filled with
87the spectrum lamp of Rb gas.
3. device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described device also comprise be equipped with described in treat the isotope atom of pumping atom optical filtering bubble, described optical filtering bubble be located at described light source and described resonance absorption bubble between.
4. device according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described device also comprises lens, and described lens are located between described optical filtering bubble and described light source.
5. device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described detecting unit comprises photoelectric cell.
6. device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described resonance absorption bubble comprises microwave cavity and is placed in described microwave cavity
87rb absorbs bubble.
7. device according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described magnetic field units is hot-wire coil, and hot-wire coil is wound on outside described microwave cavity.
8. the device according to any one of claim 1 to 7, is characterized in that, described device also comprises:
The timer be electrically connected with described control module, described control module opens and closes in identical time span for controlling described radio frequency unit, and in each described time span, calculates the mean value of the current value that described detecting unit records respectively.
9. the device according to any one of claim 1 to 7, is characterized in that, described device also comprises:
Coherent source, produces for compartment of terrain the wave frequency signal function meeting Bohr condition and steeps in described resonance absorption.
10. the device according to any one of claim 1 to 7, is characterized in that, described device also comprises:
For carrying out thermostatically controlled temperature conditioning unit to described light source and described resonance absorption bubble, described temperature conditioning unit steeps with described light source and described resonance absorption respectively and is electrically connected.
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| CN201510916526.9A CN105445199A (en) | 2015-12-10 | 2015-12-10 | Measuring apparatus for inversion number of atoms |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510916526.9A CN105445199A (en) | 2015-12-10 | 2015-12-10 | Measuring apparatus for inversion number of atoms |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109861074A (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-06-07 | 江汉大学 | Device based on the hyperfine quantum excitation of ground state |
| WO2022217761A1 (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2022-10-20 | 兰州空间技术物理研究所 | Experimental apparatus and method for regulating and controlling zeeman transition of magnetic resonance |
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| CN104880418A (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2015-09-02 | 江汉大学 | Spectrum detecting system |
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2015
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| CN103018764A (en) * | 2012-12-17 | 2013-04-03 | 江汉大学 | Population inversion quantity evaluation system based on energy level translation and control method of population inversion quantity evaluation system |
| CN203178211U (en) * | 2013-03-29 | 2013-09-04 | 江汉大学 | Optical pumping device |
| CN103293494A (en) * | 2013-05-24 | 2013-09-11 | 江汉大学 | Atomic transition number factor measuring device and atomic transition number factor measuring method |
| CN104880418A (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2015-09-02 | 江汉大学 | Spectrum detecting system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109861074A (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-06-07 | 江汉大学 | Device based on the hyperfine quantum excitation of ground state |
| WO2022217761A1 (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2022-10-20 | 兰州空间技术物理研究所 | Experimental apparatus and method for regulating and controlling zeeman transition of magnetic resonance |
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Application publication date: 20160330 |