CN103293494B - Atomic transition number factor measuring device and atomic transition number factor measuring method - Google Patents
Atomic transition number factor measuring device and atomic transition number factor measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103293494B CN103293494B CN201310195228.6A CN201310195228A CN103293494B CN 103293494 B CN103293494 B CN 103293494B CN 201310195228 A CN201310195228 A CN 201310195228A CN 103293494 B CN103293494 B CN 103293494B
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- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000009131 signaling function Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical group [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005283 ground state Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
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Abstract
The invention discloses an atomic transition number factor measuring device and an atomic transition number factor measuring method, and belongs to the field of atomic frequency standard. The device comprises a transmitting module, a first state selection module, a resonance absorption module, a detection module and a processing module, wherein the transmitting module is used for providing an atomic beam; the first state selection module is used for absorbing atoms in the atomic beam subjected to state selection by the aid of isotope atoms of atoms in the atomic beam; the detection module is used for detecting a current value of the atomic beam which passes the resonance absorption module already, when the resonance absorption module is not effected by a magnetic field and radio-frequency signals, the current value is a first current value, and when the resonance absorption module is effected by the magnetic field and the radio-frequency signals, the current value is a second current value; the processing module is used for computing atomic transition number factors according to the first current value and the second current value. Therefore, pumping substance absorption rate of the atoms is detected in a resonance transition process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to atomic transition field, particularly a kind of atomic transition number factor measurement mechanism and method.
Background technology
Atomic transition refers to, under external influence, the process that atom changes from a state to another state generation great-jump-forward, the state before atomic transition occurs is called initial state, and the state after transition occurs is called final states.
Transition device for realizing atomic transition mainly comprises: light source, resonator cavity and radio frequency source.Under magnetic fields, each energy level generation Zeeman splitting in the hyperfine structure of resonator cavity Atom sample, forms the sub-energy level of Zeeman, and under the irradiation of the pumping light of light source generation, between each sub-energy level, population number difference increases.At this moment, in the direction in the magnetic field perpendicular to generation Zeeman splitting, adding the rf frequency produced by radio frequency source, when meeting Magneti Resonant Condition, between the sub-energy level of Zeeman of atom, producing resonant transition.Transition device has widespread use in field of atomic frequency standard, as the physical location of inactive type rubidium atom frequency scale.
In above-mentioned resonant transition process, resonator cavity Atom, to the absorptivity of pumping material (pumping light), directly reflects the performance of transition device, therefore how to measure resonator cavity Atom just very important to the absorptivity of pumping material.
Summary of the invention
In order to measure in resonant transition process, resonator cavity Atom, to the absorptivity of pumping material, embodiments provides a kind of atomic transition number factor measurement mechanism and method.Described technical scheme is as follows:
On the one hand, embodiments provide a kind of atomic transition number factor measurement mechanism, described device comprises:
Transmitter module, for providing atomic beam;
First state selection module, carries out state selection for adopting deflection techniques to the atom in described atomic beam;
Resonance absorption module, for utilizing the isotope atom of the atom in described atomic beam, absorbs the atom in the described atomic beam after state selection;
Detection module, for detecting the current value of described atomic beam after described resonance absorption module, when described resonance absorption module is not by magnetic field and radiofrequency signal effect, described current value is the first current value, when described resonance absorption module is by described magnetic field and described radiofrequency signal effect, described current value is the second current value;
Processing module, for calculating the atomic transition number factor according to described first current value and described second current value, the described atomic transition number factor is used for representing in resonant transition process, the ratio shared by the part that the atom being in low-lying level in described atomic beam is predominantly absorbed;
Described first state selection module, described resonance absorption module, described detection module are located on the progress path of the described atomic beam that described transmitter module provides successively, and described processing module is electrically connected with described detection module;
Described resonance absorption module comprises: the resonator cavity that the isotope atom of the atom in described atomic beam is housed;
Described processing module is used for, according to calculating the described atomic transition number factor with under type: the atomic transition number factor=the second current value ÷ first current value.
In a kind of implementation of the embodiment of the present invention, described transmitter module comprises: the band sealed gas chamber of collimating eyelet and the press device for pressurizeing to described sealed gas chamber.
In the another kind of implementation of the embodiment of the present invention, described detection module comprises: galvanometer.
In the another kind of implementation of the embodiment of the present invention, described device also comprises:
Second state selection module, carries out state selection for adopting deflection techniques to the atom in the described atomic beam after described resonance absorption module;
Described second state selection module is located on the progress path of described atomic beam, and described second state selection module is located between described resonance absorption module and described detection module.
In the another kind of implementation of the embodiment of the present invention, described first state selection module and described second state selection module comprise respectively: magnetic deflection instrument, described magnetic deflection instrument is located on the progress path of described atomic beam.
In the another kind of implementation of the embodiment of the present invention, described device also comprises:
Coherent source, meets the wave frequency signal function of Bohr condition in described resonance absorption module for compartment of terrain generation.
On the other hand, a kind of atomic transition number factor measurement method, described method comprises:
Atomic beam is provided;
Deflection techniques is adopted to carry out state selection to the atom in described atomic beam;
Detect the current value of described atomic beam after state selection, obtain the first current value;
Utilize the isotope atom of the atom in described atomic beam, absorb the atom in described atomic beam after state selection, the isotope atom of the atom in described atomic beam is positioned at resonator cavity;
Detect the current value of described atomic beam after absorbing, obtain the second current value;
Calculate the atomic transition number factor according to described first current value and described second current value, the described atomic transition number factor refers to that the atom being in low-lying level in described atomic beam is in resonant transition process, the ratio be predominantly absorbed.
In a kind of implementation of the embodiment of the present invention, described according to described first current value and the described second current value calculating atomic transition number factor, comprising:
According to calculating the described atomic transition number factor with under type: the atomic transition number factor=the second current value ÷ first current value.
In the another kind of implementation of the embodiment of the present invention, described method also comprises:
At the isotope atom of the described atom utilized in described atomic beam, absorb the atomic time in described atomic beam after state selection, compartment of terrain generation meets the wave frequency signal function of Bohr condition in described isotope atom.
The beneficial effect that the technical scheme that the embodiment of the present invention provides is brought is:
By first adopting deflection techniques to carry out state selection to the atom in atomic beam, and after detecting state selection atomic beam current value (namely by magnetic field and radiofrequency signal effect time, the current value of atomic beam after resonance absorption module), obtain the first current value; The isotope atom of the atom in recycling atomic beam, absorb the atom after state selection in atomic beam, and detect the current value (namely by magnetic field and radiofrequency signal effect, the current value of atomic beam after resonance absorption module) of atomic beam after absorbing, obtain the second current value; The atomic transition number factor is calculated according to the first current value and the second current value, the atomic transition number factor is used for representing in resonant transition process, the atom being in low-lying level in atomic beam is predominantly absorbed the ratio shared by part, achieve in resonant transition process, the detection of the absorptivity of atom pair pumping material, process is easy, and device is simple.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention, below the accompanying drawing used required in describing embodiment is briefly described, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the prerequisite not paying creative work, other accompanying drawing can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the atomic transition number factor measurement mechanism that the embodiment of the present invention one provides;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the deflection techniques atomic beam state selection that the embodiment of the present invention one provides;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of atomic beam through transistion region that the embodiment of the present invention one provides;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram meeting the wave frequency signal of Bohr condition that the embodiment of the present invention one provides;
Fig. 5 is the atomic transition number factor measurement method process flow diagram that the embodiment of the present invention two provides.
Embodiment
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearly, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiment of the present invention is described further in detail.
Embodiment one
Embodiments provide a kind of atomic transition number factor measurement mechanism, see Fig. 1, device comprises:
Transmitter module 101, for providing atomic beam;
First state selection module 102, carries out state selection for adopting deflection techniques to the atom in atomic beam;
Resonance absorption module 103, for utilizing the isotope atom of the atom in above-mentioned atomic beam, absorbs the atom in the atomic beam after state selection;
Detection module 104, for detecting the current value of atomic beam after resonance absorption module 103, when resonance absorption module 103 is not by magnetic field and radiofrequency signal effect, current value is the first current value, when resonance absorption module 103 is by magnetic field and radiofrequency signal effect, current value is the second current value;
Processing module 105, for calculating the atomic transition number factor according to the first current value and the second current value, the atomic transition number factor is used for representing in resonant transition process, the ratio shared by the part that the atom being in low-lying level in atomic beam is predominantly absorbed;
First state selection module 102, resonance absorption module 103, detection module 104 are located on the progress path of the atomic beam that transmitter module 101 provides successively, and processing module 105 is electrically connected with detection module 104.
Preferably, transmitter module 101 comprises the band sealed gas chamber of collimating eyelet and the press device for pressurizeing to sealed gas chamber.Press device, by pressurizeing to this sealed gas chamber, can complete the transmitting of atomic beam, thus provide atomic beam.
Wherein, above-mentioned state selection can refer to the high level atom be in ground state two kinds of energy levels removed and comprise in atomic beam, because ground state high level in atomic beam and low-lying level atom are through magnetic field, the power be subject to is different, therefore uses deflection techniques can remove the atom of high level.As Fig. 2, for rubidium atom, by magnetic deflection, the atom of F=2 energy level is removed.
Wherein, resonance absorption module 103 comprises: the resonator cavity that the isotope atom of the atom in atomic beam is housed.
Further, above-mentioned detection module 104 includes but not limited to galvanometer.
Further, this device also comprises: the second state selection module, for adopting deflection techniques, state selection is carried out to the atom in the atomic beam after resonance absorption module 103, second state selection module is located on the progress path of atomic beam, and the second state selection module is located between resonance absorption module and detection module.Atomic beam is by twice state selection, and make the atomic beam after state selection purer, measurement result is more accurate.
First state selection module 102 and the second state selection module comprise respectively: magnetic deflection instrument, magnetic deflection instrument is located on the progress path of atomic beam.
Further, processing module is used for, and calculates the atomic transition number factor: the atomic transition number factor=the second current value ÷ first current value according to under type.
As shown in Figure 3, the isotope atom of atomic beam Atom is provided with in transistion region (resonator cavity).For rubidium atom, the atomic beam after state selection is substantially only left the atom of F=1 state, when entering transistion region, if now meet transition conditions, isotope atom so in transistion region absorbs the F=1 state atom in the atomic beam after state selection, resonates, and F=1 atomicity in atomic beam is reduced.
Further, device also comprises:
Coherent source 106, meets the wave frequency signal function of Bohr condition in resonance absorption module 103 for compartment of terrain generation.Due to the length of transistion region, and the time restriction of atomic beam through transistion region after state selection, above-mentioned resonance absorption may be made not thorough, be unfavorable for the measurement of the subsequent transition number factor, therefore add radiation source.Radiation source exports with certain hour interval of delta t interval the wave frequency signal f (as shown in Figure 4) meeting Bohr condition and acts on transistion region, as shown in Figure 3, the transistion region resonance absorption time can be extended like this, be conducive to the measuring accuracy improving the atomic transition number factor, the length of transistion region also can be done very short, avoids conventional art extends transistion region length to extend the time of atomic transition.
The embodiment of the present invention carries out state selection by first adopting deflection techniques to the atom in atomic beam, and after detecting state selection atomic beam current value (namely by magnetic field and radiofrequency signal effect time, the current value of atomic beam after resonance absorption module), obtain the first current value; The isotope atom of the atom in recycling atomic beam, absorb the atom after state selection in atomic beam, and detect the current value (namely by magnetic field and radiofrequency signal effect, the current value of atomic beam after resonance absorption module) of atomic beam after absorbing, obtain the second current value; The atomic transition number factor is calculated according to the first current value and the second current value, the atomic transition number factor is used for representing in resonant transition process, the atom being in low-lying level in atomic beam is predominantly absorbed the ratio shared by part, achieve in resonant transition process, the detection of the absorptivity of atom pair pumping material, process is easy, and device is simple.
Embodiment two
Embodiments provide a kind of atomic transition number factor measurement method, see Fig. 5, method comprises:
Step 201: atomic beam is provided.
Step 202: adopt deflection techniques to carry out state selection to the atom in atomic beam.
Particularly, above-mentioned state selection refers to the high level atom be in ground state two kinds of energy levels removed and comprise in atomic beam, because ground state high level in atomic beam and low-lying level atom are through magnetic field, the power be subject to is different, therefore uses deflection techniques can remove the atom of high level.As Fig. 2, for rubidium atom, by magnetic deflection, the atom of F=2 energy level is removed.
Step 203: the current value detecting atomic beam after state selection, obtains the first current value.
Step 204: the isotope atom utilizing the atom in above-mentioned atomic beam, absorbs the atom in the atomic beam after state selection.
As shown in Figure 3, the isotope atom with atomic beam is provided with in transistion region (resonator cavity).For rubidium atom, the atomic beam after state selection is substantially only left the atom of F=1 state, when entering transistion region, if now meet transition conditions, isotope atom in transistion region absorbs the F=1 state atom in the atomic beam after state selection, resonates, and F=1 atomicity in atomic beam is reduced.
Further, the method also comprises: utilizing the isotope atom of the atom in atomic beam, absorbing the atomic time after state selection in atomic beam, and compartment of terrain generation meets the wave frequency signal function of Bohr condition in this isotope atom.
Due to the length of transistion region, and the time restriction of atomic beam through transistion region after state selection, above-mentioned resonance absorption may be made not thorough, be unfavorable for the measurement of the subsequent transition number factor, therefore add radiation source.Radiation source exports with certain hour interval of delta t interval the wave frequency signal f (as shown in Figure 4) meeting Bohr condition and acts on transistion region, as Fig. 3, the transistion region resonance absorption time can be extended like this, be conducive to the measuring accuracy improving the atomic transition number factor, the length of transistion region also can be done very short, avoids conventional art extends transistion region length to extend the time of atomic transition.
Step 205: the current value detecting atomic beam after absorbing, obtains the second current value.
Step 206: calculate the atomic transition number factor according to the first current value and the second current value, the atomic transition number factor is used for representing in resonant transition process, the ratio shared by the part that the atom being in low-lying level in atomic beam is predominantly absorbed.
Preferably, step 206, comprising:
The atomic transition number factor is calculated: the atomic transition number factor=the second current value ÷ first current value according to under type.
The embodiment of the present invention carries out state selection by first adopting deflection techniques to the atom in atomic beam, and after detecting state selection atomic beam current value (namely by magnetic field and radiofrequency signal effect time, the current value of atomic beam after resonance absorption module), obtain the first current value; The isotope atom of the atom in recycling atomic beam, absorb the atom after state selection in atomic beam, and detect the current value (namely by magnetic field and radiofrequency signal effect, the current value of atomic beam after resonance absorption module) of atomic beam after absorbing, obtain the second current value; The atomic transition number factor is calculated according to the first current value and the second current value, the atomic transition number factor is used for representing in resonant transition process, the atom being in low-lying level in atomic beam is predominantly absorbed the ratio shared by part, achieve in resonant transition process, the detection of the absorptivity of atom pair pumping material, process is easy, and device is simple.
The invention described above embodiment sequence number, just to describing, does not represent the quality of embodiment.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. an atomic transition number factor measurement mechanism, is characterized in that, described device comprises:
Transmitter module, for providing atomic beam;
First state selection module, carries out state selection for adopting deflection techniques to the atom in described atomic beam;
Resonance absorption module, for utilizing the isotope atom of the atom in described atomic beam, absorbs the atom in the described atomic beam after state selection;
Detection module, for detecting the current value of described atomic beam after described resonance absorption module, when described resonance absorption module is not by magnetic field and radiofrequency signal effect, described current value is the first current value, when described resonance absorption module is by described magnetic field and described radiofrequency signal effect, described current value is the second current value;
Processing module, for calculating the atomic transition number factor according to described first current value and described second current value, the described atomic transition number factor is used for representing in resonant transition process, the ratio shared by the part that the atom being in low-lying level in described atomic beam is predominantly absorbed;
Described first state selection module, described resonance absorption module, described detection module are located on the progress path of the described atomic beam that described transmitter module provides successively, and described processing module is electrically connected with described detection module;
Described resonance absorption module comprises: the resonator cavity that the isotope atom of the atom in described atomic beam is housed;
Described processing module is used for, according to calculating the described atomic transition number factor with under type: the atomic transition number factor=the second current value ÷ first current value.
2. device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described transmitter module comprises: the band sealed gas chamber of collimating eyelet and the press device for pressurizeing to described sealed gas chamber.
3. device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described detection module comprises: galvanometer.
4. device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described device also comprises:
Second state selection module, carries out state selection for adopting deflection techniques to the atom in the described atomic beam after described resonance absorption module;
Described second state selection module is located on the progress path of described atomic beam, and described second state selection module is located between described resonance absorption module and described detection module.
5. device according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described first state selection module and described second state selection module comprise respectively: magnetic deflection instrument, described magnetic deflection instrument is located on the progress path of described atomic beam.
6. the device according to any one of claim 1-5, is characterized in that, described device also comprises:
Coherent source, meets the wave frequency signal function of Bohr condition in described resonance absorption module for compartment of terrain generation.
7. an atomic transition number factor measurement method, is characterized in that, described method comprises:
Atomic beam is provided;
Deflection techniques is adopted to carry out state selection to the atom in described atomic beam;
Detect the current value of described atomic beam after state selection, obtain the first current value;
Utilize the isotope atom of the atom in described atomic beam, absorb the atom in described atomic beam after state selection, the isotope atom of the atom in described atomic beam is positioned at resonator cavity;
Detect the current value of described atomic beam after absorbing, obtain the second current value;
Calculate the atomic transition number factor according to described first current value and described second current value, the described atomic transition number factor refers to that the atom being in low-lying level in described atomic beam is in resonant transition process, the ratio be predominantly absorbed.
8. method according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described according to described first current value and the described second current value calculating atomic transition number factor, comprising:
According to calculating the described atomic transition number factor with under type: the atomic transition number factor=the second current value ÷ first current value.
9. the method according to claim 7 or 8, is characterized in that, described method also comprises:
At the isotope atom of the described atom utilized in described atomic beam, absorb the atomic time in described atomic beam after state selection, compartment of terrain generation meets the wave frequency signal function of Bohr condition in described isotope atom.
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| CN105445199A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-03-30 | 江汉大学 | Measuring apparatus for inversion number of atoms |
| CN113489489A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-10-08 | 清华大学 | Atomic frequency standard detection method and system of cold atomic beam |
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