CN105435849A - 一种光催化苎麻纤维素基活性炭纳米纤维复合膜的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种光催化苎麻纤维素基活性炭纳米纤维复合膜的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种光催化苎麻纤维素基活性炭纳米纤维复合膜的制备方法,包括以下过程:1)将四氯化钛和冰醋酸溶于无水乙醇中,磁力搅拌使之混合均匀,缓慢滴入无水乙醇和去离子水的混合溶液中,控制滴定管滴速,密封搅拌得到淡黄色TiO2透明溶胶,静置陈化;2)将由苎麻纤维制得的纳米纤维素悬浮液用常规方式去离子水稀释,再用分散剂高速分散,以确保纳米纤维素均匀分散在水中,然后用铺有有机过滤膜的过滤装置过滤上述稀释液,并用真空泵真空过滤;3)将二氧化钛溶胶与苎麻纤维素溶液进行混合,充分反应,搅拌至完全混合均匀且溶液透明,通过静电纺丝制得TiO2/苎麻纤维素基复合纳米纤维膜;4)在室温下干燥,再移到真空干燥箱中干燥,干燥完毕后揭开即得成品。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及光催化苎麻纤维素基活性炭纳米纤维复合膜的制备方法,属于活性炭复合材料制备技术。
背景技术
传统印染废水处理方法处理不太理想,主要是因为废水中染料分子结构稳定,成分复杂,脱色率、COD去除率不高,容易产生二次污染。利用半导体材料的光催化性能在室温条件下就可将许多化学法和生物法无法去除的有机物完全分解为二氧化碳和水,且不造成二次污染,它可用太阳光和荧光灯中含有的紫外光作激发源。当前,用于降解环境污染物的催化剂中,二氧化钛凭借其光催化活性高、难溶、无毒和成本低等特点成为最具有应用前景的光催化剂之一,且具有净化空气,杀死细菌,降解难降解有机物等作用。但传统的纳米TiO2悬浮相光催化剂易失活、易凝聚、难回收的缺点,因此寻找一种具有较大比表面积,又与TiO2牢固结合的高效负载材料是实用化技术的关键。活性炭材料作为一种理想的吸附材料,是在炭纤维技术和活性炭技术相结合的基础上发展起来的。活性炭具有较大的孔容量和比表面积,且以微孔为主,因此,有利于吸附质扩散进入孔内及活性表面,活性炭显示出更高的吸附容量和更快的吸附脱附速度。利用该活性炭将有效地吸附和去除污水中的染料、浆料、助剂、油剂、酸碱、纤维杂质、无机盐等。
由于印染废水往往含有很高的悬浮物和色素等有机物质,任何单一技术的处理往往达不到理想的效果。目前膜分离技术与其他水处理技术的集成工艺研究,发挥各种技术的优势,形成印染废水深度处理的新工艺。世界上经济发达、科学技术先进的国家近年来将膜分离技术,如超滤(UF)、反渗透(RO)和纳滤(NF)等应用于印染工业废水的处理,可以大大降低能耗,减少投资。由于膜过滤技术具有分离效率高、节能、设备简单、操作方便等优点,使其在废水处理领域有很大的发展潜力。但目前MF和UF膜进行污水处理过程中或多或少都存在一个污堵问题,有时这个问题还非常严重,导致出水率严重下降,直接影响到这个***运行效率及其成败。利用活性炭纤维特殊的表面化学结构和强物理吸附性,为TiO2的光催化提供了高浓度的反应环境,以其吸附和催化协同效应高效去除水中有机污染物,大幅提高印染污水的回用率。通过光催化活性炭纳米纤维膜实现印染废水循环回用,对水污染的控制和印染业的可持续发展都具有非常积极的意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供了一种光催化苎麻纤维素基活性炭纳米纤维复合膜的制备方法,该方法首先将四氯化钛制成淡黄色TiO2透明溶胶,再将其添加到配制好的苎麻纤维素溶液中,使其充分反应,不断搅拌至溶液透明,将混合液通过静电纺丝制得TiO2/苎麻纤维素基复合纳米纤维膜。再将复合纳米纤维膜经预氧化、炭化和活化过程,制备成具有高效吸附和催化性能的光催化苎麻纤维素基活性炭纳米纤维复合膜,以该方法制得复合材料具有较强的吸附性能和较好的光催化降解性能。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:
一种光催化苎麻纤维素基活性炭纳米纤维复合膜的制备方法,包括以下过程:
1)二氧化钛溶胶制备:按质量份数,将5-8份四氯化钛和2-3份冰醋酸溶于15-25份无水乙醇中,磁力搅拌2-3h使之混合均匀,缓慢滴入5-7份-无水乙醇和0.5-0.8份去离子水的混合溶液中,控制滴定管滴速,密封搅拌得到淡黄色TiO2透明溶胶,静置陈化2-5h;
2)首先,将由苎麻纤维制得的纳米纤维素悬浮液用常规方式去离子水稀释,再用分散剂高速分散,以确保纳米纤维素均匀分散在水中,然后用铺有有机过滤膜的过滤装置过滤上述稀释液,并用真空泵真空过滤;
3)复合纳米纤维膜制备:将步骤1)获得的二氧化钛溶胶与步骤2)获得的苎麻纤维素溶液按照溶质的质量比0.01∶1~0.5∶1进行混合,充分反应,搅拌至完全混合均匀且溶液透明,通过静电纺丝制得TiO2/苎麻纤维素基复合纳米纤维膜;
4)活性炭纳米纤维复合膜制备:将步骤3)获得TiO2/苎麻纤维素纤维基纳米纤维复合膜,在室温下干燥2~3天,再移到60-70℃的真空干燥箱中干燥2~3天,干燥完毕后揭开即可得到透明的光催化苎麻纤维活性炭纳米纤维复合膜。
所述步骤2)的分散剂是三乙基己基磷酸。
所述步骤3)的静电纺丝,纺丝电压:15~30kV,挤出速率:1.0~2.0ML/h,接受距离:10~30cm。
本发明制备方法过程简单,所获得光催化木质纤维素基活性炭纳米纤维复合膜具有较强的吸附性能和较好的光催化降解性能。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的实施例作进一步的说明。以下实施例仅对本申请进行进一步说明,不应理解为对本申请的限制。
一种光催化苎麻纤维素基活性炭纳米纤维复合膜的制备方法,包括以下过程:
1)二氧化钛溶胶制备:按质量份数,将5-8份四氯化钛和2-3份冰醋酸溶于15-25份无水乙醇中,磁力搅拌2-3h使之混合均匀,缓慢滴入5-7份-无水乙醇和0.5-0.8份去离子水的混合溶液中,控制滴定管滴速,密封搅拌得到淡黄色TiO2透明溶胶,静置陈化2-5h;
2)首先,将由苎麻纤维制得的纳米纤维素悬浮液用常规方式去离子水稀释,再用分散剂高速分散,以确保纳米纤维素均匀分散在水中,然后用铺有有机过滤膜的过滤装置过滤上述稀释液,并用真空泵真空过滤;
3)复合纳米纤维膜制备:将步骤1)获得的二氧化钛溶胶与步骤2)获得的苎麻纤维素溶液按照溶质的质量比0.01∶1~0.5∶1进行混合,充分反应,搅拌至完全混合均匀且溶液透明,通过静电纺丝制得TiO2/苎麻纤维素基复合纳米纤维膜;
4)活性炭纳米纤维复合膜制备:将步骤3)获得TiO2/苎麻纤维素纤维基纳米纤维复合膜,在室温下干燥2~3天,再移到60-70℃的真空干燥箱中干燥2~3天,干燥完毕后揭开即可得到透明的光催化苎麻纤维活性炭纳米纤维复合膜。
所述步骤2)的分散剂是三乙基己基磷酸。
所述步骤3)的静电纺丝,纺丝电压:15~30kV,挤出速率:1.0~2.0ML/h,接受距离:10~30cm。
实施例1:
一种光催化苎麻纤维素基活性炭纳米纤维复合膜的制备方法,包括以下过程:
1)二氧化钛溶胶制备:按质量份数,将5份四氯化钛和2份冰醋酸溶于15份无水乙醇中,磁力搅拌2h使之混合均匀,缓慢滴入5份无水乙醇和0.5份去离子水的混合溶液中,控制滴定管滴速,密封搅拌得到淡黄色TiO2透明溶胶,静置陈化2h;
2)首先,将由苎麻纤维制得的纳米纤维素悬浮液用常规方式去离子水稀释,再用分散剂(三乙基己基磷酸)高速分散,以确保纳米纤维素均匀分散在水中,然后用铺有有机过滤膜的过滤装置过滤上述稀释液,并用真空泵真空过滤;
3)复合纳米纤维膜制备:将步骤1)获得的二氧化钛溶胶与步骤2)获得的苎麻纤维素溶液按照溶质的质量比0.01∶1进行混合,充分反应,搅拌至完全混合均匀且溶液透明,通过静电纺丝制得TiO2/苎麻纤维素基复合纳米纤维膜,纺丝电压:15kV,挤出速率:1.0ML/h,接受距离:10cm;
4)活性炭纳米纤维复合膜制备:将步骤3)获得TiO2/苎麻纤维素纤维基纳米纤维复合膜,在室温下干燥2天,再移到60℃的真空干燥箱中干燥2天,干燥完毕后揭开即可得到透明的光催化苎麻纤维活性炭纳米纤维复合膜。
实施例2:
一种光催化苎麻纤维素基活性炭纳米纤维复合膜及其制备方法,包括以下过程:
1)二氧化钛溶胶制备:按质量份数,将6份四氯化钛和3份冰醋酸溶于20份无水乙醇中,磁力搅拌2.5h使之混合均匀,缓慢滴入6份-无水乙醇和0.6份去离子水的混合溶液中,控制滴定管滴速,密封搅拌得到淡黄色TiO2透明溶胶,静置陈化3h;
2)首先,将由苎麻纤维制得的纳米纤维素悬浮液用常规方式去离子水稀释,再用分散剂(三乙基己基磷酸)高速分散,以确保纳米纤维素均匀分散在水中,然后用铺有有机过滤膜的过滤装置过滤上述稀释液,并用真空泵真空过滤;
3)复合纳米纤维膜制备:将步骤1)获得的二氧化钛溶胶与步骤2)获得的苎麻纤维素溶液按照溶质的质量比0.1∶1进行混合,充分反应,搅拌至完全混合均匀且溶液透明,通过静电纺丝制得TiO2/苎麻纤维素基复合纳米纤维膜;所述步骤3)的静电纺丝,纺丝电压:20kV,挤出速率:1.5ML/h,接受距离:20cm。
4)活性炭纳米纤维复合膜制备:将步骤3)获得TiO2/苎麻纤维素纤维基纳米纤维复合膜,在室温下干燥3天,再移到65℃的真空干燥箱中干燥2天,干燥完毕后揭开即可得到透明的光催化苎麻纤维活性炭纳米纤维复合膜。
实施例3.
一种光催化苎麻纤维活性炭纳米纤维复合膜及其制备方法,包括以下过程:
1)二氧化钛溶胶制备:按质量份数,将8份四氯化钛和3份冰醋酸溶于25份无水乙醇中,磁力搅拌3h使之混合均匀,缓慢滴入7份-无水乙醇和0.8份去离子水的混合溶液中,控制滴定管滴速,密封搅拌得到淡黄色TiO2透明溶胶,静置陈化5h;
2)首先,将由苎麻纤维制得的纳米纤维素悬浮液用常规方式去离子水稀释,再用分散剂(三乙基己基磷酸)高速分散,以确保纳米纤维素均匀分散在水中,然后用铺有有机过滤膜的过滤装置过滤上述稀释液,并用真空泵真空过滤;
3)复合纳米纤维膜制备:将步骤1)获得的二氧化钛溶胶与步骤2)获得的苎麻纤维素溶液按照溶质的质量比0.5∶1进行混合,充分反应,搅拌至完全混合均匀且溶液透明,通过静电纺丝制得TiO2/苎麻纤维素基复合纳米纤维膜;所述步骤3)的静电纺丝,纺丝电压:30kV,挤出速率:2.0ML/h,接受距离:30cm。
4)活性炭纳米纤维复合膜制备:将步骤3)获得TiO2/苎麻纤维素纤维基纳米纤维复合膜,在室温下干燥3天,再移到70℃的真空干燥箱中干燥3天,干燥完毕后揭开即可得到透明的光催化苎麻纤维活性炭纳米纤维复合膜。
Claims (3)
1.一种光催化苎麻纤维素基活性炭纳米纤维复合膜的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下过程:
1)二氧化钛溶胶制备:按质量份数,将5-8份四氯化钛和2-3份冰醋酸溶于15-25份无水乙醇中,磁力搅拌2-3h使之混合均匀,缓慢滴入5-7份-无水乙醇和0.5-0.8份去离子水的混合溶液中,控制滴定管滴速,密封搅拌得到淡黄色TiO2透明溶胶,静置陈化2-5h;
2)首先,将由苎麻纤维制得的纳米纤维素悬浮液用常规方式去离子水稀释,再用分散剂高速分散,以确保纳米纤维素均匀分散在水中,然后用铺有有机过滤膜的过滤装置过滤上述稀释液,并用真空泵真空过滤;
3)复合纳米纤维膜制备:将步骤1)获得的二氧化钛溶胶与步骤2)获得的苎麻纤维素溶液按照溶质的质量比0.01∶1~0.5∶1进行混合,充分反应,搅拌至完全混合均匀且溶液透明,通过静电纺丝制得TiO2/苎麻纤维素基复合纳米纤维膜;
4)活性炭纳米纤维复合膜制备:将步骤3)获得TiO2/苎麻纤维素纤维基纳米纤维复合膜,在室温下干燥2~3天,再移到60-70℃的真空干燥箱中干燥2~3天,干燥完毕后揭开即可得到透明的光催化苎麻纤维活性炭纳米纤维复合膜。
2.根据权利要求1所述的光催化苎麻纤维素基活性炭纳米纤维复合膜的制备方法,其特征是:所述步骤2)的分散剂是三乙基己基磷酸。
3.根据权利要求1所述的光催化苎麻纤维素基活性炭纳米纤维复合膜的制备方法,其特征是:步骤3)所述的静电纺丝,纺丝电压:15~30kV,挤出速率:1.0~2.0ML/h,接受距离:10~30cm。
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