CN105426568B - A method of estimation karst soil loss amount - Google Patents

A method of estimation karst soil loss amount Download PDF

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CN105426568B
CN105426568B CN201510689717.6A CN201510689717A CN105426568B CN 105426568 B CN105426568 B CN 105426568B CN 201510689717 A CN201510689717 A CN 201510689717A CN 105426568 B CN105426568 B CN 105426568B
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karst
loss amount
soil
soil loss
formula
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CN105426568A (en
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白晓永
李月
罗光杰
田义超
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Institute of Geochemistry of CAS
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Institute of Geochemistry of CAS
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    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of methods of estimation karst soil loss amount, it includes the following steps：When the percentage that karst area accounts for the gross area is 0%, with amendment universal soll loss amount equation estimation regional soil number of dropouts；Establish karst soil loss amount equation；It establishes karst surface soil and is lost in contribution rate formula；It is lost in the model equation that contribution rate formula obtains estimating soil loss amount in Karst Regional or basin according to universal soll loss amount equation, karst soil loss amount equation and karst surface soil is corrected；Establish the soil loss amount calculation formula of normality landforms and pure karst landform Mixed Zone；The soil erosion process for solving karst is influenced by many factors such as its landforms, lithology, soil thickness, soil formation rate, the exposed rates of rock, cannot accurately estimate the technical problems such as karst soil loss amount.

Description

A method of estimation karst soil loss amount
Technical field
The invention belongs to karst soil loss amount computing technique field more particularly to a kind of estimation karsts The method of soil loss amount.
Background technology
Environment of karst has stronger particularity and complexity, soil characteristic Non-karst compared with soil erosion effect Area is also influenced by multiple factors, so the evaluation method about karst soil loss amount is all state all the time Inside and outside numerous scientists endeavour the problem in science understood fully.In Karst Area In South China area, since researcher is to karst The understanding of soil erosion process and the soil loss amount appraising model method of selection are different, in addition the soil erosion of karst Process is influenced by many factors such as its landforms, lithology, soil thickness, soil formation rate, the exposed rates of rock so that accurate estimation Karst soil loss amount still has prodigious difficulty.However, the classical model equation of estimation soil loss amount （RUSLE）, by being found after using and verifying for many years, largely more it is being suitable for Non-karst area, it is endless It is suitable for karst entirely, the soil loss amount data estimated can not be completely convincing, so to adapt to ecology Build, Correlative plan management and scientific research department corrode karst soil the demand of accurate data, there is an urgent need for a kind of new It is adapted to the computational methods of karst soil loss amount.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention：A kind of method of estimation karst soil loss amount is provided, to solve The prior art is naked by its landforms, lithology, soil thickness, soil formation rate, rock due to the soil erosion process of karst The influence of many factors such as dew rate cannot accurately estimate the technical problems such as karst soil loss amount.
Technical solution of the present invention：
A method of estimation karst soil loss amount, it includes the following steps：
Rock type is divided into karst and Non-karst area by step 1, when karst area accounts for the hundred of the gross area Divide than being 0%, when the percentage that Non-karst area accounts for the gross area is 100%, with amendment universal soll loss amount equation estimation area Region soil number of dropouts；
Step 2 establishes karst soil loss amount equation；
Step 3 establishes karst surface soil loss contribution rate formula；
Step 4, according to correcting universal soll loss amount equation, karst soil loss amount equation and karst Surface soil is lost in contribution rate formula and obtains a kind of model equation for estimating soil loss amount in Karst Regional or basin；
Step 5, the soil loss amount calculation formula for establishing normality landforms and pure karst landform Mixed Zone calculate normality The soil loss amount of landforms and pure karst landform Mixed Zone.
Universal soll loss amount equation expression formula is corrected described in step 1 is：
In formula：For normality geomorphic province or the soil loss amount in basin；R is the rainfall erosivity factor；K is soil Erodibility factor；L is slope length factor；S is slope factor；C is vegetative coverage and the management factor；P is water-and-soil conservation measures The factor.
Step 2 establish karst soil loss amount equation expression formula be：
Wherein：For karst soil loss amount；For karst lithology typeBackground Under soil loss amount.
The karst surface soil established described in step 3 is lost in contribution rate formula and is：In formula：φ rocks Property the lower surface soil of combination be lost in contribution rate；γ-surface flow density value；The network of waterways in α-noncarbonate petrographic province domain or basin is close Angle value.
The model equation expression formula of soil loss amount is in estimation Karst Regional or basin described in step 4：
In formula：For the soil loss amount under pure karst, certain lithology type background,For certain lithology Surface soil number of dropouts under type background；For the underground wastage under certain lithology type background,, whereinIt is normality geomorphic province or the soil loss amount in basin；β—Face shared by certain lithology combination Product ratio；φ is that surface soil is lost in contribution rate under certain lithology combination；WhereinIt is normality landforms The soil loss amount in region or basin；μ isShared area ratio under certain lithology combination background；δ isUnder certain lithology combination background The contribution rate of soil underground leakage,δ=1- φ。
Normality landforms and the soil loss amount calculation formula in pure karst landform mixed and alternate region described in step 5 are：
In formula：When W is normality landforms and pure karst landform mixed and alternate, the soil loss amount in survey region or basin.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
The present invention fully considers correlation between karst formation lithology and water cycle, to correcting universal soll stream Vector equation RUSLE improve with it is perfect, to obtain a kind of new soil loss amount model for estimating karst Equation, the soil loss amount data of the karst estimated by the model more precisely can property, preferably resolve The prior art is naked by its landforms, lithology, soil thickness, soil formation rate, rock due to the soil erosion process of karst The influence of many factors such as dew rate cannot accurately estimate the technical problems such as karst soil loss amount.
Specific implementation mode：
A method of estimation karst soil loss amount, it includes the following steps：
Rock type is divided into karst and Non-karst area by step 1, when karst area accounts for the hundred of the gross area Divide than being 0%, when the percentage that Non-karst area accounts for the gross area is 100%, with amendment universal soll loss amount equation estimation area Region soil number of dropouts；
Step 2 establishes karst soil loss amount equation；
Step 3 establishes karst surface soil loss contribution rate formula；
Step 4, according to correcting universal soll loss amount equation, karst soil loss amount equation and karst Surface soil is lost in contribution rate formula and obtains the model equation of soil loss amount in estimation Karst Regional or basin；
Step 5 calculates karst soil loss amount according to the model equation that step 4 obtains.
The amendment universal soll loss amount equation expression formula described in step 1 is：
Work as Q k =0% ,Q nk When=100%；
（1）
In formula：For normality geomorphic province or the soil loss amount in basin；R is the rainfall erosivity factor；K is soil Erodibility factor；L is slope length factor；S is slope factor；C is vegetative coverage and the management factor；P is water-and-soil conservation measures The factor.Q k - karst area percentage；Q nk - Non-karst area percentage.
Step 2 establish karst soil loss amount equation expression formula be：
（2）
Wherein：For karst soil loss amount；For karst lithology typeSoil Earth number of dropouts.
In survey region or basin, when only there is a kind of single lithology, i.e.,：One shares 7 kinds of possibilities.
In survey region or basin, there is a possibility that two or more lithology have coexisted 120 kinds, computational methods refer to (3) formula：
(3)
In conclusion according to the computational methods of combined probability, on the basis of this seven kinds of lithology, what lithology combination occurred Possibility one shares 127 kinds.
The karst surface soil established described in step 3 is lost in contribution rate formula and is：In formula：φ rocks Property the lower surface soil of combination be lost in contribution rate；γ-surface flow density value；The network of waterways in α-noncarbonate petrographic province domain or basin is close Angle value.
In pure karst, the development of the network of waterways and lithology are closely related, however the power of flow often causes soil The key factor of loss.The present invention is using basement lithology as analysis background, on the basis of studying area river network system distribution map, The surface flow density value under all kinds of lithology is calculated.Wherein, when research zoning is divided into carbonate rock and noncarbonate rock When two major classes, the river density in Non-karst region is about 1000 m/km2, this makes it possible to obtain all kinds of rocks of carbonate rock area Property surface soil be lost in contribution rate be shown in Table 1.In addition, in karst, the solubility of carbonate rock is big, water penetration is strong, Lower crack, pipeline development, form earth's surface underground double-layer structure, therefore, in karst not there is only the soil losses of earth's surface, The phenomenon that there is also soil underground creep and leakages.So when SOIL DISTRIBUTION is in the lithology area that earth's surface underground diadactic structure is developed When domain, the contribution rate of soil underground leakage is then lost in contribution rate by earth's surface and is calculated.
According to formula 1 and 2, in the case of pure karst landform, takes lithology into consideration and earth's surface is lost in and is missed with underground, obtain The model equation of soil loss amount, is shown in Karst Regional or basin（4）Formula：
In formula：For in pure karst, the soil loss amount of certain lithology type,For certain lithology type Surface soil number of dropouts；For the underground wastage of certain lithology type,, whereinIt is normality Geomorphic province or the soil loss amount in basin；β—Certain lithology combination occupied area ratio；φ is surface soil under certain lithology combination It is lost in contribution rate；WhereinIt is normality geomorphic province or the soil loss amount in basin；μ isCertain rock Property combination occupied area ratio；δ isThe contribution rate that soil underground is missed under certain lithology combination,δ=1- φ。
It is in normality landforms and the soil loss amount computational methods of pure karst landform Mixed Zone：
When W is that normality landforms are mixed with pure karst landform in formula, the soil loss amount in survey region or basin.
The karst soil loss amount that estimates by the method for the invention, in modeling due to consideration that considering Correlation between karst formation lithology and water cycle combines surface runoff coefficient, lithology and earth's surface and is lost in and ground The factors such as lower leakage, therefore its estimation result is more accurate, can meet ecological construction, Correlative plan management and scientific research department to noise made in coughing or vomiting The demand of this special soil erosion accurate data.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of method of estimation karst soil loss amount, it includes the following steps：
Rock type is divided into karst and Non-karst area by step 1, when karst area accounts for the percentage of the gross area It is 0%, when the percentage that Non-karst area accounts for the gross area is 100%, with amendment universal soll loss amount equation estimation region Soil loss amount；
Step 2 establishes karst soil loss amount equation；
Step 3 establishes karst surface soil loss contribution rate formula；Karst earth's surface is established described in step 3 Soil losses contribution rate formula is：In formula：It is lost in contribution rate for surface soil under certain lithology combination；γ is earth's surface river Reticular density value；α is the river density value in noncarbonate petrographic province domain or basin；
Step 4, according to correcting universal soll loss amount equation, karst soil loss amount equation and karst earth's surface Soil losses contribution rate formula obtains a kind of model equation for estimating soil loss amount in Karst Regional or basin；
The model equation expression formula of soil loss amount is in estimation Karst Regional or basin described in step 4：
A(xn)=η+η ' (4)
In formula：A(xn) it is the soil loss amount under pure karst, certain lithology type background, η is certain lithology type background Under surface soil number of dropouts；η ' is the underground wastage under certain lithology type background,Wherein AnkIt is normality geomorphic province or the soil loss amount in basin；Certain lithology combination occupied area ratio of β-；For under certain lithology combination Surface soil is lost in contribution rate；η’=Ankμ δ wherein AnkIt is normality geomorphic province or the soil loss amount in basin；μ is certain rock Property combination background under shared area ratio；δ is the contribution rate that soil underground is missed under certain lithology combination background,
Step 5, the soil loss amount calculation formula for establishing normality landforms and pure karst landform Mixed Zone calculate normality landforms With the soil loss amount of pure karst landform Mixed Zone.
2. a kind of method of estimation karst soil loss amount according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 1 The amendment universal soll loss amount equation expression formula is：
Ank=RUSLE[nk]=RKLSCP
In formula：ANKFor normality geomorphic province or the soil loss amount in basin；R is the rainfall erosivity factor；K be soil erodibility because Son；L is slope length factor；S is slope factor；C is vegetative coverage and the management factor；P is the factor of soil and water conservation measures.
3. a kind of method of estimation karst soil loss amount according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 2 The karst soil loss amount equation expression formula of foundation is：
Ak=A (x1)+A(x2)+...+A(xn)
Wherein：AkFor karst soil loss amount；A(xn) it is karst lithology type (xn) soil under background Number of dropouts.
4. a kind of method of estimation karst soil loss amount according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 5 The normality landforms and the soil loss amount calculation formula in pure karst landform mixed and alternate region are：
W=Ank+Ak (5)
In formula：When W is normality landforms and pure karst landform mixed and alternate, the soil loss amount in survey region or basin；AkFor noise made in coughing or vomiting This specially area's soil loss amount；AnkIt is normality geomorphic province or the soil loss amount in basin.
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CN106093342A (en) * 2016-06-06 2016-11-09 中国科学院地球化学研究所 Calculate Karst Regional underground and the method for earth's surface soil erosion Relative Contribution rate
CN107239659B (en) * 2017-06-01 2020-04-24 中国科学院地球化学研究所 Method for calculating soil erosion based on improved K-RUSLE model and soil forming rate
CN107328741B (en) * 2017-06-22 2019-08-09 福州大学 Vegetative coverage and object element C improved method in soil erosion equation
CN107766692A (en) * 2017-09-29 2018-03-06 云南大学 A kind of permissible soil loss computational methods based on PI models
CN107860890A (en) * 2017-11-03 2018-03-30 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 A kind of sloping upland topsoil soils quality diagnosis method
CN108491653B (en) * 2018-03-29 2020-07-07 中国科学院地球化学研究所 Karst region rainfall erosion force calculation method
CN108491978A (en) * 2018-03-29 2018-09-04 中国科学院地球化学研究所 A kind of method that rock weathering soil formation rate in karst calculates
CN108593505B (en) * 2018-04-18 2020-09-29 贵州大学 Analysis method for underground soil leakage in karst region
CN108614088B (en) * 2018-04-24 2021-04-13 贵州大学 Method for tracing soil loss in karst region by using rare earth elements
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