CN105412705A - 一种治疗急性鼻窦炎的药物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种治疗急性鼻窦炎的药物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗急性鼻窦炎的药物及其制备方法,其主要是由苍耳子、半夏、野菊花、辛夷、蔓荆子、鹅不食草、藿香、骨碎补、薏苡仁、葛根、茜草、鱼腥草、重楼、知母、党参、地骨皮、合欢皮、白芷、连翘、玄参、桔梗、桃仁、升麻、板蓝根按一定重量配比制备而成。本发明药物具有祛风通窍,疏风散热,健脾补肺,清热利湿,治热病壮热不退的功能,用于治疗急性鼻窦炎见效快、疗效好,不复发。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种治疗急性鼻窦炎的药物及其制备方法,属中药领域。
背景技术
急性鼻窦炎是一个或多个鼻窦发生炎症称为急性鼻窦炎,累及的鼻窦包括:上颌窦、筛窦、额窦和蝶窦,这是一种在人群中发病率较高的疾病,影响患者生活质量,急性鼻窦炎多由上呼吸道感染引起,细菌与病毒感染可同时并发。中医则认为急性鼻窦炎与肺经风热,脾胃湿热,肝胆热盛有关。由于西药治疗副作用大,因此人们对有效治疗急性鼻窦炎的中药药物存在极大的需求,至今为止,还没有发现关于本发明的有关报道。
发明内容
本发明人依据中医理论的研究和临床试验的反复验证,终于找到了有效治疗急性鼻窦炎的药物,从而完成了本发明。
本发明的目的就是提供一种有效治疗急性鼻窦炎的中药组合药物。
本发明的另一目的就是提供了该中药组合药物的制备方法。
本发明药物是选择苍耳子、半夏、野菊花、辛夷、蔓荆子、鹅不食草、藿香、骨碎补、薏苡仁、葛根、茜草、鱼腥草、重楼、知母、党参、地骨皮、合欢皮、白芷、连翘、玄参、桔梗、桃仁、升麻、板蓝根、大青叶、防风、石膏、苍术、天花粉、金银花、桑白皮药物进行组合制备的,将这些药物组合使得各药物功效产生协同作用,从而能够有效治疗急性鼻窦炎。其中,选用苍耳子是因为其性味甘,温,有毒,入肺、肝经,有散风,止痛,祛湿,杀虫的功能,治风寒头痛,鼻渊,齿痛,风寒湿痹,四脚挛痛,疥癞,瘙痒。选用半夏是因为其性味辛,温,有毒,入脾、胃经,有燥湿化痰,降逆止呕,消痞散结的功能,治湿痰冷饮,呕吐,反胃,咳喘痰多,胸膈胀满,痰厥头痛,头晕不眠,外消痈肿。选用野菊花是因为其性味苦辛,凉,入肺、肝经,有疏风清热,消肿解毒的功能,治风热感冒,肺炎,白喉,胃肠炎,高血压,疔,痈,口疮,丹毒,湿疹,天泡疮。选用辛夷是因为其性味辛,温,入肺、胃经,有祛风,通窍的功能,治头痛,鼻渊,鼻塞不通,齿痛。选用蔓荆子是因为其性味苦辛,凉,入肝、胃,膀胱经,有疏散风热,清利头目的功能,治风热感冒,正、偏头痛,齿痛,目睛内痛。选用鹅不食草是因为其性味辛,温,入手太阴经气分,有祛风,散寒,胜湿,去翳,通鼻塞的功能,治感冒,寒哮,喉痹,百日咳,痧气腹痛,阿米巴痢,疟疾,疳泻,鼻渊,鼻肉,目翳涩痒,臁疮,疥癣,跌打。选用藿香是因为其性味辛,微温,入肺、脾、胃经,有快气,和中,辟秽,祛湿的功能,治感冒暑湿,寒热,头痛,胸脘痞闷,呕吐泄泻,疟疾,痢疾,口臭。选用骨碎补是因为其性味苦,温,入肝、肾经,有补肾,活血,止血的功能,治肾虚久泻及腰痛,风湿痹痛,齿痛,耳鸣,跌打闪挫、骨伤,阑尾炎,斑秃,鸡眼。选用薏苡仁是因为其性味甘淡,凉,入脾、肺、肾经,有健脾,补肺,清热,利湿的功能,治泄泻,湿痹,筋脉拘挛,屈伸不利,水肿,脚气,肺痿,肺痈,肠痈,淋浊,白带。选用葛根是因为其性味甘辛,平,入脾、胃经,有升阳解肌,透疹止泻,除烦止喝的功能,治伤寒,治伤寒,温热头痛项强,烦热消渴,泄泻,痢疾,癍疹不透,高血压,心绞痛,耳聋。选用茜草是因为其性味苦,寒,有凉血止血,祛瘀通经的功能,治吐血,衄血,崩漏,外伤出血,瘀阻经闭,关节痹痛,跌扑肿痛。选用鱼腥草是因为其性味辛,寒,入手太阴经,有清热解毒,利尿消肿的功能,治肺炎,肺脓疡,热痢,疟疾,水肿,淋病,白带,痈肿,痔疮,脱肛,湿疹,秃疮,疥癣。选用重楼是因为其性味苦,微寒,有小毒,归肝经,有清热解毒,消肿止痛,凉肝定惊的功能,治疔疮痈肿,咽喉肿痛,毒蛇咬伤,跌扑伤痛,惊风抽搐。选用知母是因为其性味苦,寒,入肺、胃、肾经,有滋阴降火,润燥滑肠的功能,治烦热消渴,骨蒸劳热,肺热咳嗽,大便燥结,小便不利。选用党参是因为其性味甘,平,入手、足太阴经气分,有补中益气,生津的功能,治脾胃虚弱,气血两亏,体倦无力,食少,口渴,久泻,脱肛。选用地骨皮是因为其性味甘,寒,入肺、肝、肾经,有清热,凉血的功能,治虚劳潮热盗汗,肺热咳喘,吐血,衄血,血淋,消渴,高血压,痈肿,恶疮。选用合欢皮是因为其性味甘,平,入心、肝经,有解郁,和血,宁心,消痈肿的功能,治心神不安,忧郁失眠,肺痈,痈肿,瘰疬,筋骨折伤。选用白芷是因为其性味辛,温,入肺、脾、胃经,有祛风,燥湿,消肿,止痛的功能,治头痛,眉棱骨痛,齿痛,鼻渊,寒湿腹痛,肠风痔漏,赤白带下,痈疽疮疡,皮肤燥痒,疥癣。选用连翘是因为其性味苦,凉,入心、肝、胆经,有清热,解毒,散结,消肿的功能,治温热,丹毒,斑疹,痈疡肿毒,瘰疬,小便淋闭。选用玄参是因为其性味苦咸,凉,入肺、肾经,有滋阴,降火,除烦,解毒的功能,治热病烦渴,发斑,骨蒸劳热,夜寐不宁,自汗盗汗,津伤便秘,吐血衄血,咽喉肿痛,痈肿,瘰疬。选用桔梗是因为其性味苦辛,平,入肺、胃经,有开宣肺气,祛痰排脓的功能,治外感咳嗽,咽喉肿痛,肺痈吐脓,胸满胁痛,痢疾腹痛。选用桃仁是因为其性味苦甘,平,入心、肝、大肠经,有破血行瘀,润燥滑经的功能,治经闭,癥瘕,热病蓄血,血痹,疟疾,跌打损伤,瘀血肿痛,血燥便秘。选用升麻是因为其性味甘辛微苦,凉,入肺、脾、胃经,有升阳,发表,透疹,解毒的功能,治时气疫劳,头痛寒热,喉痛,口疮疤,斑疹不透,中气下陷,久泻久痢,脱肛,妇女崩带,子宫下坠,痈肿疮毒。选用板蓝根是因为其性味苦,寒,入肝、胃血分,有清热,解毒,凉血的功能,治流感,流脑,乙脑,肺炎,丹毒,热毒发斑,神昏吐衄,咽肿,痄腮,火眼,疮疹。选用大青叶是因为其性味苦,寒,入肝、心、胃经,有清热,解毒,凉血,止血的功能,治温病热盛烦渴,流行性感冒,急性传染性肝炎,菌痢,急性胃肠炎,急性肺炎,丹毒,吐血,衄血,黄疸,痢疾,喉痹,口疮,痈疽肿毒。选用防风是因为其性味辛甘,温,入膀胱、肺、脾经,有发表,祛风,胜湿,止痛的功能,治外感风寒,头痛,目眩,项强,风寒湿痹,骨节酸痛,四肢挛急,破伤风。选用石膏是因为其性味辛甘,寒,入肺、胃经,生用有解肌清热,除烦止渴的功能,治热病壮热不退,心烦神昏,谵语发狂,口渴咽干,肺热喘急,中暑自汗,胃火头痛、牙痛,热毒壅盛,发斑发疹,口舌生疮,煅敷生肌敛疮,外治痈疽疮疡,溃不收回,汤火烫伤。选用苍术是因为其性味辛苦,温,入脾、胃经,有健脾,燥湿,解郁,辟秽的功能,治湿盛困脾,倦怠嗜卧,脘痞腹胀,食欲不振,呕吐,泄泻,痢疾,疟疾,痰饮,水肿,时气感冒,风寒湿痹,足痿,夜盲。选用天花粉是因为其性味甘苦酸,凉,入肺、胃经,有生津,止渴,降火,润燥,排脓,消肿的功能,治热病口渴,消渴,黄疸,肺燥咳血,痈肿,痔瘘。选用金银花是因为其性味甘,寒,入肺、胃经,有清热,解毒的功能,治温病发热,热毒血痢,痈疡,肿毒,瘰疬,痔漏。选用桑白皮是因为其性味甘,寒,入肺、脾经,有泻肺平喘,行水消肿的功能,治肺热喘咳,吐血,水肿,脚气,小便不利。
具体实施方式
本发明组分的药物用量也是发明人经过大量摸索总结得出的,各组分的用量在下述重量范围内都具有较好的疗效:
苍耳子10-20克,半夏5-15克,野菊花10-20克,辛夷10-20克,蔓荆子5-15克,鹅不食草10-20克,藿香10-20克,骨碎补5-15克,薏苡仁10-15克,葛根7-12克,茜草5-15克,鱼腥草10-20克,重楼5-15克,知母10-15克,党参10-20克,地骨皮5-15克,合欢皮5-15克,白芷5-15克,连翘5-15克,玄参10-20克,桔梗15-20克,桃仁5-15克,升麻7-12克,板蓝根5-15克,大青叶10-20克,防风10-20克,石膏5-15克,苍术7-12克,天花粉15-20克,金银花5-15克,桑白皮10-20。
优选为:
苍耳子15克,半夏10克,野菊花15克,辛夷15克,蔓荆子10克,鹅不食草15克,藿香15克,骨碎补10克,薏苡仁12克,葛根9克,茜草10克,鱼腥草15克,重楼10克,知母12克,党参15克,地骨皮10克,合欢皮10克,白芷10克,连翘10克,玄参15克,桔梗18克,桃仁10克,升麻9克,板蓝根10克,大青叶15克,防风15克,石膏10克,苍术9克,天花粉18克,金银花10克,桑白皮15克。
本发明药物的制备方法如下
一、备料
1、苍耳子:拣尽杂质,去刺,筛去灰屑,微炒至黄色,取出放凉;
2、半夏:拣去杂质,筛去灰屑;
3、野菊花:去净杂质,除去残根,洗净切段,晒干;
4、辛夷:拣净枝梗杂质,捣碎用;
5、蔓荆子:筛净灰屑,除去残存萼片,置锅内用武火炒至焦黄色,略喷清水,放凉;
6、鹅不食草:拣净杂质,切段,晒干;
7、藿香:拣去杂质,除去残根及老茎,先将叶摘下另放,茎用水润透,切段,晒干,然后与叶和匀;
8、骨碎补:去净泥砂杂质,洗净,稍浸泡,润透,切片,晒干;
9、薏苡仁:取原药材,除去残留皮壳、杂质;
10、葛根:拣去杂质,洗净,用水浸泡,捞出,润透,及时切片,晒干;
11、茜草:除去杂质,洗净,润透,切厚片或段,干燥,筛去碎屑;
12、鱼腥草:去净杂质,除去残根,洗净切段,晒干;
13、重楼:除去须根,洗净,干燥;
14、知母:拣净杂质,用水撞洗,捞出,润软,切片晒干;
15、党参:洗净泥沙后润透去芦,切片或切段,晒干;
16、地骨皮:拣去杂质及木心,略洗,切段,晒干;
17、合欢皮:清水浸泡洗净,捞出,闷润后先划成相等大的长条,再切块或切丝,干燥;
18、白芷:拣净杂质,用水洗净,浸泡,捞出润透,略晒至外皮无滑腻感时,再闷润后,切片干燥;
19、连翘:拣净杂质,搓开,除去枝梗;
20、玄参:拣净杂质,除去芦头,洗净润透,切片,晾干;
21、桔梗:拣净杂质,除去芦头,洗净捞出,润透后切片,晒干;
22、桃仁:除去硬壳杂质,置沸水锅中煮至外皮微皱,捞出,浸入凉水中,搓去种皮,晒干,簸净;
23、升麻:拣去杂质,略泡洗净,捞出,润透,切片,晒干;
24、板蓝根:拣净杂质,洗净,润透,切片,晒干;
25、大青叶:拣去杂质及枯叶,洗净,稍润,切段,晒干;
26、防风:除去残茎,用水浸泡,捞出,润透切片,晒干;
27、石膏:去净杂石,洗净泥土,打碎成小块;
28、苍术:拣去杂质,用水泡至七、八成透,捞出,润透后切片,晒干;
29、天花粉:拣去杂质,大小块分开,用水泡约六成透,捞出,闷润至内外湿度均匀,切片,晒干,或用水洗净,捞出,晒至极干,捣成小块;
30、金银花:筛去泥沙,拣净杂质;
31、桑白皮:刷去灰屑,洗净,润透后切丝,晒干。
二、制备
1、将炮制好的苍耳子、半夏、野菊花、辛夷、蔓荆子、鹅不食草、藿香、骨碎补、薏苡仁、葛根、茜草、鱼腥草、重楼、知母、党参、地骨皮、合欢皮、白芷、连翘、玄参、桔梗、桃仁、升麻、板蓝根、大青叶、防风、石膏、苍术、天花粉、金银花、桑白皮放入煎药容器内,第一次加水8倍量,浸泡100分钟后,武火煎煮沸腾,再用文火煎煮20分钟,过滤得第一次煎煮液,将第一次煎煮液倒入容器内;
2、将过滤的药渣加6倍量,武火煮沸,再用文火煎煮20分钟,过滤得第二次煎煮液;
3、将两次煎煮液混合搅拌均匀即得,分为4剂服用。
组方中辛夷有祛风,通窍,治头痛,鼻渊,鼻塞不通的功能为君药;白芷祛风,燥湿;蔓荆子有疏散风热,清利头目,治风热感冒的功能,二者为臣药,三味药共同发挥祛风,通窍,燥湿,疏散风热,清利头目,治头痛,鼻渊,鼻塞不通的作用,治疗急性鼻窦炎效力全面,且以祛风通窍,疏散风热,燥湿为主可治本,石膏有解肌清热,除烦止渴,治热病壮热不退,肺热喘急,热毒壅盛的功能为佐药,薏苡仁有健脾,补肺,清热,利湿的功能为使药,与余下诸药是治标。
本发明药物具有祛风通窍,疏风散热,健脾补肺,清热利湿,治热病壮热不退的功能,用于治疗急性鼻窦炎,疗程短、见效快、治愈后不复发。
以下通过试验例来进一步阐述本发明所述药物的有益效果,这些试验例包括本发明药物的动物毒性试验报告和临床疗效观察资料。
[试验例1]本发明药物的动物毒性试验报告:
取家兔30只,雌雄兼用,体重2.0—2.5kg,分两组,每组15只,其中一组为超剂量试验组,另一组为正常量试验组。服用药液超常量组为20ml/kg,正常量为10ml/kg,给药方式为灌胃法给药,每天两次,连服7天,每天观察给药反应,结果表明二组家兔活动、饮食正常,药物无不良毒副作用。
[试验例2]本发明药物的临床疗效观察
1、一般资料
收治急性鼻窦炎门诊患者共31例。
2、诊断标准
典型症状为鼻阻塞,脓涕,局部疼痛和头痛,嗅觉下降,畏寒发热、周身不适、精神不振、食欲减退等。
3、治疗方法
选用上述药剂,给患者服用,每次服用1剂,每天早、晚各服1次,7天为一个疗程,连续服用2个疗程。
4、疗效评定标准
显效:急性鼻窦炎症状消失,体质恢复正常,痊愈;
好转:患者鼻塞,发热,精神不振,鼻腔流脓涕,嗅觉下降现象减轻,急性鼻窦炎症状明显好转,体质逐步恢复;
无效:达不到好转标准者。
5、治疗结果(见下表)
在上述治疗中,用本发明药物治疗急性鼻窦炎患者31例,结果显效27例,显效率为87.10%,好转3例,好转率为9.67%,无效1例,总有效率为96.77%。
Claims (3)
1.一种治疗急性鼻窦炎的药物,其特征在于:它是由下列重量范围内的原料药制成:
苍耳子10-20克,半夏5-15克,野菊花10-20克,辛夷10-20克,蔓荆子5-15克,鹅不食草10-20克,藿香10-20克,骨碎补5-15克,薏苡仁10-15克,葛根7-12克,茜草5-15克,鱼腥草10-20克,重楼5-15克,知母10-15克,党参10-20克,地骨皮5-15克,合欢皮5-15克,白芷5-15克,连翘5-15克,玄参10-20克,桔梗15-20克,桃仁5-15克,升麻7-12克,板蓝根5-15克,大青叶10-20克,防风10-20克,石膏5-15克,苍术7-12克,天花粉15-20克,金银花5-15克,桑白皮10-20。
2.根据权利要求1所述的药物,其中各原料药的用量为:
苍耳子15克,半夏10克,野菊花15克,辛夷15克,蔓荆子10克,鹅不食草15克,藿香15克,骨碎补10克,薏苡仁12克,葛根9克,茜草10克,鱼腥草15克,重楼10克,知母12克,党参15克,地骨皮10克,合欢皮10克,白芷10克,连翘10克,玄参15克,桔梗18克,桃仁10克,升麻9克,板蓝根10克,大青叶15克,防风15克,石膏10克,苍术9克,天花粉18克,金银花10克,桑白皮15克。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述药物的制备方法,它包括下列步骤:
(一)备料
(1)苍耳子:拣尽杂质,去刺,筛去灰屑,微炒至黄色,取出放凉;
(2)半夏:拣去杂质,筛去灰屑;
(3)野菊花:去净杂质,除去残根,洗净切段,晒干;
(4)辛夷:拣净枝梗杂质,捣碎用;
(5)蔓荆子:筛净灰屑,除去残存萼片,置锅内用武火炒至焦黄色,略喷清水,放凉;
(6)鹅不食草:拣净杂质,切段,晒干;
(7)藿香:拣去杂质,除去残根及老茎,先将叶摘下另放,茎用水润透,切段,晒干,然后与叶和匀;
(8)骨碎补:去净泥砂杂质,洗净,稍浸泡,润透,切片,晒干;
(9)薏苡仁:取原药材,除去残留皮壳、杂质;
(10)葛根:拣去杂质,洗净,用水浸泡,捞出,润透,及时切片,晒干;
(11)茜草:除去杂质,洗净,润透,切厚片或段,干燥,筛去碎屑;
(12)鱼腥草:去净杂质,除去残根,洗净切段,晒干;
(13)重楼:除去须根,洗净,干燥;
(14)知母:拣净杂质,用水撞洗,捞出,润软,切片晒干;
(15)党参:洗净泥沙后润透去芦,切片或切段,晒干;
(16)地骨皮:拣去杂质及木心,略洗,切段,晒干;
(17)合欢皮:清水浸泡洗净,捞出,闷润后先划成相等大的长条,再切块或切丝,干燥;
(18)白芷:拣净杂质,用水洗净,浸泡,捞出润透,略晒至外皮无滑腻感时,再闷润后,切片干燥;
(19)连翘:拣净杂质,搓开,除去枝梗;
(20)玄参:拣净杂质,除去芦头,洗净润透,切片,晾干;
(21)桔梗:拣净杂质,除去芦头,洗净捞出,润透后切片,晒干;
(22)桃仁:除去硬壳杂质,置沸水锅中煮至外皮微皱,捞出,浸入凉水中,搓去种皮,晒干,簸净;
(23)升麻:拣去杂质,略泡洗净,捞出,润透,切片,晒干;
(24)板蓝根:拣净杂质,洗净,润透,切片,晒干;
(25)大青叶:拣去杂质及枯叶,洗净,稍润,切段,晒干;
(26)防风:除去残茎,用水浸泡,捞出,润透切片,晒干;
(27)石膏:去净杂石,洗净泥土,打碎成小块;
(28)苍术:拣去杂质,用水泡至七、八成透,捞出,润透后切片,晒干;
(29)天花粉:拣去杂质,大小块分开,用水泡约六成透,捞出,闷润至内外湿度均匀,切片,晒干,或用水洗净,捞出,晒至极干,捣成小块;
(30)金银花:筛去泥沙,拣净杂质;
(31)桑白皮:刷去灰屑,洗净,润透后切丝,晒干;
(二)制备
(1)将炮制好的苍耳子、半夏、野菊花、辛夷、蔓荆子、鹅不食草、藿香、骨碎补、薏苡仁、葛根、茜草、鱼腥草、重楼、知母、党参、地骨皮、合欢皮、白芷、连翘、玄参、桔梗、桃仁、升麻、板蓝根、大青叶、防风、石膏、苍术、天花粉、金银花、桑白皮放入煎药容器内,加水8倍量,浸泡100分钟后,武火煎煮沸腾,再用文火煎煮20分钟,过滤得第一次煎煮液,将第一次煎煮液倒入容器内;
(2)将过滤的药渣加水6倍量,武火煮沸,再用文火煎煮20分钟,过滤得第二次煎煮液;
(3)将两次煎煮液混合搅拌均匀即得,分为4剂服用。
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