CN105359777A - Cultivation method for year-circle production of loofahs in plateau area - Google Patents

Cultivation method for year-circle production of loofahs in plateau area Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105359777A
CN105359777A CN201510681689.3A CN201510681689A CN105359777A CN 105359777 A CN105359777 A CN 105359777A CN 201510681689 A CN201510681689 A CN 201510681689A CN 105359777 A CN105359777 A CN 105359777A
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sponge gourd
field planting
weight portion
seedling
cultivation method
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CN105359777B (en
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朱荣杰
李宝海
杨斌
王世斌
赵贯飞
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VEGETABLE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF TIBET ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY SCIENCES
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VEGETABLE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF TIBET ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY SCIENCES
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00Protecting plants
    • A01G13/02Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
    • A01G13/0256Ground coverings
    • A01G13/0268Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
    • A01G13/0275Films
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01HNEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/02Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a cultivation method for year-circle production of loofahs in a plateau area, and the method comprises the steps of seed treatment, seedling culture, fixed planting and management of a flowering period, wherein the fixed planting is carried out by furrowing culture in order to effectively enlarge a row spacing and a line spacing; a planting density of the loofahs is reduced appropriately; and temperature and humidity conditions, a pollination method and a fertilization manner during the loofah planting are strictly controlled, so that each loofah seedling can thoroughly obtain sunniness, photosynthesis is strengthened, accumulation of dry substances is promoted and thus yield can be increased.

Description

The cultivation method of a kind of highlands sponge gourd whole year production
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, be specifically related to the cultivation method of a kind of highlands sponge gourd whole year production.
Background technology
Sponge gourd (Luffacylindrical) belongs to the warm warm tolerance vegetables of happiness, whole growth and development process all needs higher temperature, average production temperature is between 20-30 DEG C, because highlands mean temperature is lower, the temperature difference is large, become the bottleneck that sponge gourd realizes whole year production, especially arrived winter temperature lower, sponge gourd output also decreases.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems referred to above that prior art exists, the invention provides the cultivation method of a kind of highlands sponge gourd whole year production.Object of the present invention is exactly by the mode of trench digging, strengthens the control of spacing in the rows, line-spacing and temp. and humidity and the change of fertilization mode, solves the whole year production realizing sponge gourd in highlands, and can obtain higher output.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A cultivation method for highlands sponge gourd whole year production, it comprises the steps:
(1) process seed: after being adopted by seed boiling water to scald kind of 4-6 second, in the warm water of 50-60 DEG C, soak 7-9 hour, be placed on 31-33 DEG C of environment under carry out vernalization 12-15 hour, until seed show money or valuables one carries unintentionally germinate after sow;
(2) nursery: the mixing that matrix added water adds cave dish, and every bunch planting kind seed, carries out nursery;
(3) field planting: carry out greenhouse field planting to the seedling that nursery obtains, adopts corrugate cultivation, ditch depth 15-25 centimetre, furrow width 15-25 centimetre, the distance between adjacent two ditches is 1-1.5 rice, carries out field planting in the both sides of ditch, field planting point distance ditch back gauge is 25-30 centimetre, and spacing in the rows is 55-75 centimetre;
Temperature and humidity management after field planting: day temperature remains on 25-36 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature remains on 15-20 DEG C, and relative moisture remains on 68-72%, evenly waters;
(4) management in flowering stage: for sponge gourd carries out artificial pollination, be specially: every strain sponge gourd is pollinated at interval of a joint, a joint of not pollinating removes all female flowers and malformed flower;
After carrying out field planting 40-45 days, start to pluck sponge gourd successively; After each harvesting is complete, destroy Lao Ye and Huang Ye of base portion, and constantly carry out putting seedling in sponge gourd process of growth, make sponge gourd seedling remain 1.5-2m height.
Before greenhouse field planting is carried out to seedling, first in greenhouse, apply base manure, consisting of of described base manure: decay sheep excrement 3800-4200 weight portion, superphosphate 35-45 weight portion, potassium sulfate 35-45 weight portion, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 45-55 weight portion, dregs of fat 80-120 weight portion.
Before greenhouse field planting is carried out to seedling, also sterilization and desinsection process are carried out to soil, be specially: after adopting the carbendazim of 90-110 weight portion, No. one, the continuous cropping of 90-110 weight portion, the abamectin emulsifiable concentrate of 90-110 parts by volume to mix, be sprayed on soil.
After first sponge gourd is plucked, topdress, fertilizer application formula is: sheep excrement 20-30 weight portion, dregs of fat 2-3 weight portion, superphosphate 0.4-0.6 weight portion, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 0.4-0.6 weight portion, potassium sulfate 0.4-0.6 weight portion.
Described topdressing monthly is carried out once, described in topdress for adopt mode of spreading manuer in holes carry out at the intermediate point place of adjacent two ditches, after topdressing, fertilizer soil covers.
During field planting, adopt isosceles triangle cultivation.
Temperature treatment after field planting is: add forced ventilation during day temperature more than 30 DEG C.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1, plant sponge gourd density in prior art excessive, spacing in the rows and line-spacing less; What major part plantation adopted is the cropping pattern of ridging, and its shortcoming is mainly watered and is not easy to irrigate.And the present invention adopts Furrow sowing pattern just can reduce the generation of problems, by adopting low-density species implant model, making each strain sponge gourd rice shoot fully can obtain solar radiation, improving photosynthesis, promote the accumulation of dry matter, and then can output be improved.
The management mode of 2, planting sponge gourd in prior art is extensive, temp. and humidity is not well controlled, the present invention is by the strict temperature and humidity conditions controlled when sponge gourd is planted, especially strictly control to the time of winter for switch cotton-wadded quilt, to be incubated, be conducive to accumulation and the release of evening temperature.
3, traditional Pollination Modes is all pollinate to the female flower of whole strain, although can improve ripening rate, single sponge gourd individuality is little due to the competition of later stage nutrition, moisture, illumination for too much fruit, and commodity rate is low.The mode that the present invention is pollinated by interval, while suitably controlling ripening rate, the individual weight of sponge gourd is greatly improved, and commodity rate is high.
4, traditional fertilization mode applies mainly through watering, and this fertilization mode makes the availability of sponge gourd to fertilizer greatly reduce, and causes the waste of fertilizer; The present invention, by taking the mode of spreading manuer in holes to apply fertilizer in the central authorities of two plantation points, can improve the availability of fertilizer, and can be implemented in and carry out Tree Precise Fertilization different vegetative period.
The mode of 5, traditional covering with plastic film, is all cover on whole ridge, carries out field planting sponge gourd seedling in the both sides on ridge; The present invention adopts the mode of trench digging to realize, and carry out field planting, and film covers on whole ditch, can reduce the evaporation of moisture like this when watering, and then reduces the humidity in greenhouse, reduce the generation of disease in the both sides of ditch.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the longitudinal sectional drawing of greenhouse soil of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
The invention provides the cultivation method of a kind of highlands sponge gourd whole year production, it comprises the steps:
(1), first greenhouse needs to apply base manure and carries out sterilization and desinsection process to soil: decay sheep excrement 4000kg, superphosphate 40kg, potassium sulfate 40kg, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 50kg of active ingredient >=45%, dregs of fat 100kg.Apply agricultural chemicals: carbendazim 100g, continuous cropping 100g, 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate 100ml (active ingredient is about 1.8g), mixing is sprayed evenly and is carried out ploughing ridging;
(2) " emerging vegetables the are early good " variety of luffa, selecting Hunan academy of agricultural sciences to cultivate;
(3), at the beginning of 7 months, seed treatment is being carried out: boiling water scalds to plant after 4 seconds and transfers 55 DEG C of water seed soakings 7 hours to, is placed in the germinating box that temperature is set as 31 DEG C, vernalization 12 hours.Carry out field planting at the beginning of 8 months, start successively mid-September to gather;
(4), after vernalization, start sowing, every bunch planting kind seed after seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, adopt 50 caves dishes, seedling medium adopts the common vegetable seedling medium bought from market;
(5), field planting is started when seedling grows to 2 leaf 1 heart;
(6) greenhouse by solar heat, adopted: span 6m, length 60m, employing corrugate is cultivated, be illustrated in figure 1 the longitudinal sectional drawing of greenhouse soil, ditch depth 20cm (distance H), furrow width 20cm (distance I), field planting is carried out in the both sides of ditch, spacing in the rows 60cm, employing isosceles triangle is cultivated, and as D, E, the F in Fig. 1 is field planting point, wherein field planting point D distance ditch back gauge is 27cm (distance A), the distance B of field planting point between D, E is 75cm, and the distance C of field planting point between E, F is 75cm; Every greenhouse arranges 40 ditches, and the distance between adjacent two ditches is 1.3m (distance J), is total to field planting 20 strain sponge gourd seedling in the both sides of ditch, greenhouse by solar heat field planting 800 strain altogether of 0.5 mu;
(7) seedling management, after field planting: day temperature adds forced ventilation higher than when 30 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature remains on 18-20 DEG C; Humidity remains on about 70%;
(8), the management in flowering stage: after every morning 10, pollen scatters gradually, for sponge gourd carries out artificial pollination; Pollinating method: every strain sponge gourd needs to pollinate at interval of a joint, and a joint of not pollinating needs to remove all female flowers and malformed flower, in order to avoid waste nutrient;
After carrying out field planting 40-45 days, start to pluck sponge gourd successively; First sponge gourd is gathered complete, start to topdress, monthly impose once, fertilizer application formula is as follows: sheep excrement 25kg, dregs of fat 2.5kg, superphosphate 0.5kg, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 0.5kg, potassium sulfate 0.5kg, impose middle (the G point) at two ditches, employing is spreaded manuer in holes, and covers with soil, and fertilizer can not expose;
After each sponge gourd has been plucked, bottom Lao Ye to be removed in time; Seedling to be put in time in sponge gourd process of growth, make sponge gourd seedling remain at the height of 1.5-2m; Every day is plucked sponge gourd about 50kg in 0.5 mu every greenhouse, and annual production can reach 18000kg;
(9), temperature treatment: field planting in August is later to ventilate, lid cotton-wadded quilt night after September 20, and day temperature starts to ventilate higher than 30 DEG C; During 15-January 15 December, strengthen temperature treatment, day temperature remains on 35 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature remains on 15 DEG C.When shining upon cotton-wadded quilt, open cotton-wadded quilt in the morning gradually, and close cotton-wadded quilt thirty in the evening 5 .-5 in time, to be incubated; When day temperature is higher than more than 35 DEG C, progressively ventilate, each unlatching 1cm skylight;
Water management: regularly water, best watering time is the fine day morning; Seedling stage: 6-7d waters once, waters full ditch at every turn; Fruiting period: every 4d waters once, is 2/3rds ditches at every turn.
Embodiment 2
The invention provides the cultivation method of a kind of highlands sponge gourd whole year production, it comprises the steps:
(1), first greenhouse needs to apply base manure and carries out sterilization and desinsection process to soil: decay sheep excrement 3800kg, superphosphate 45kg, potassium sulfate 35kg, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 55kg of active ingredient >=45%, dregs of fat 80kg.Apply agricultural chemicals: carbendazim 90g, continuous cropping 110g, the abamectin emulsifiable concentrate 90ml (active ingredient is about 1.62g) of 1.8%, mixing is sprayed evenly and is carried out ploughing ridging;
(2) " emerging vegetables the are early good " variety of luffa, selecting Hunan academy of agricultural sciences to cultivate;
(3), at the beginning of 7 months, seed treatment is being carried out: boiling water scalds to plant after 5 seconds and transfers 50 DEG C of water seed soakings 8 hours to, is placed in the germinating box that temperature is set as 32 DEG C, vernalization 15 hours;
(4), after vernalization, start sowing, every bunch planting kind seed after seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, adopt 50 caves dishes, seedling medium adopts the common vegetable seedling medium bought from market;
(5), field planting is started when seedling grows to 2 leaf 1 heart;
(6) greenhouse by solar heat, adopted: span 6m, length 60m, employing corrugate is cultivated, be illustrated in figure 1 the longitudinal sectional drawing of greenhouse soil, ditch depth 15cm (distance H), furrow width 15cm (distance I), field planting is carried out in the both sides of ditch, spacing in the rows 55cm (distance C), employing isosceles triangle is cultivated, and as D, E, the F in Fig. 1 is field planting point, wherein field planting point D distance ditch back gauge is 25cm (distance A), the distance B of field planting point between D, E is 65cm, and the distance C of field planting point between E, F is 55cm; Every greenhouse arranges 40 ditches, and the distance between adjacent two ditches is 1m (distance J), is total to field planting 20 strain sponge gourd seedling in the both sides of ditch, greenhouse by solar heat field planting 800 strain altogether of 0.5 mu;
(7) seedling management, after field planting: day temperature adds forced ventilation higher than when 30 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature remains on 18-20 DEG C; Humidity remains on about 70%;
(8), the management in flowering stage: after every morning 10, pollen scatters gradually, for sponge gourd carries out artificial pollination; Pollinating method: every strain sponge gourd needs to pollinate at interval of a joint, and a joint of not pollinating needs to remove all female flowers and malformed flower, in order to avoid waste nutrient;
Carry out field planting at the beginning of 8 months, start successively mid-September to gather; First sponge gourd is gathered complete, start to topdress, monthly impose once, fertilizer application formula is as follows: sheep excrement 20kg, dregs of fat 3kg, superphosphate 0.4kg, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 0.6kg, potassium sulfate 0.4kg, impose middle (the G point) at two ditches, employing is spreaded manuer in holes, and covers with soil, and fertilizer can not expose;
After each sponge gourd has been plucked, bottom Lao Ye to be removed in time; Seedling to be put in time in sponge gourd process of growth, make sponge gourd seedling remain at the height of 1.5-2m; Every day is plucked sponge gourd about 50kg in 0.5 mu every greenhouse, and annual production can reach 18000kg;
(9), temperature treatment: to ventilate after field planting in August, lid cotton-wadded quilt night after September 20, day temperature starts to ventilate higher than 30 DEG C.During 15-January 15 December, strengthen temperature treatment, day temperature remains on 25 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature remains on 18 DEG C; When shining upon cotton-wadded quilt, open cotton-wadded quilt in the morning gradually, and close cotton-wadded quilt thirty in the evening 5 .-5 in time, to be incubated; When day temperature is higher than more than 35 DEG C, progressively ventilate, each unlatching 1cm skylight;
Water management: regularly water, best watering time is the fine day morning; Seedling stage: 6-7d waters once, waters full ditch at every turn.Fruiting period: every 4d waters once, is 2/3rds ditches at every turn.
Embodiment 3
The invention provides the cultivation method of a kind of highlands sponge gourd whole year production, it comprises the steps:
(1), first greenhouse needs to apply base manure and carries out sterilization and desinsection process to soil: decay sheep excrement 4200kg, superphosphate 35kg, potassium sulfate 45kg, composite fertilizer 45kg, dregs of fat 120kg.Apply agricultural chemicals: carbendazim 110g, continuous cropping 90g, the abamectin emulsifiable concentrate 110ml (active ingredient is about 1.98g) of 1.8%, mixing is sprayed evenly and is carried out ploughing ridging;
(2) " emerging vegetables the are early good " variety of luffa, selecting Hunan academy of agricultural sciences to cultivate;
(3), at the beginning of 7 months, seed treatment is being carried out: boiling water scalds to plant after 6 seconds and transfers 60 DEG C of water seed soakings 9 hours to, is placed in the germinating box that temperature is set as 33 DEG C, vernalization 13 hours;
(4), after vernalization, start sowing, every bunch planting kind seed after seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, adopt 50 caves dishes, seedling medium adopts the common vegetable seedling medium bought from market;
(5), field planting is started when seedling grows to 2 leaf 1 heart;
(6) greenhouse by solar heat, adopted: span 6m, length 60m, employing corrugate is cultivated, be illustrated in figure 1 the longitudinal sectional drawing of greenhouse soil, ditch depth 25cm (distance H), furrow width 25cm (distance I), field planting is carried out in the both sides of ditch, spacing in the rows 75cm (distance C), employing isosceles triangle is cultivated, and as D, E, the F in Fig. 1 is field planting point, wherein field planting point D distance ditch back gauge is 30cm (distance A), the distance B of field planting point between D, E is 65cm, and the distance C of field planting point between E, F is 75cm; Every greenhouse arranges 40 ditches, and the distance between adjacent two ditches is 1.5m (distance J), is total to field planting 20 strain sponge gourd seedling in the both sides of ditch, greenhouse by solar heat field planting 800 strain altogether of 0.5 mu;
(7) seedling management, after field planting: day temperature remains on 25-30 DEG C, and add forced ventilation higher than when 30 DEG C, nocturnal temperature remains on 15-20 DEG C; Relative moisture remains on 68-72%;
(8), the management in flowering stage: after every morning 10, pollen scatters gradually, for sponge gourd carries out artificial pollination; Pollinating method: every strain sponge gourd needs to pollinate at interval of a joint, and a joint of not pollinating needs to remove all female flowers and malformed flower, in order to avoid waste nutrient;
Carry out field planting at the beginning of 8 months, start successively mid-September to gather; First sponge gourd is gathered complete, start to topdress, monthly impose once, fertilizer application formula is as follows: sheep excrement 30kg, dregs of fat 2kg, superphosphate 0.6kg, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 0.4kg, potassium sulfate 0.6kg, impose middle (the G point) at two ditches, employing is spreaded manuer in holes, and covers with soil, and fertilizer can not expose;
After each sponge gourd has been plucked, bottom Lao Ye to be removed in time; Seedling to be put in time in sponge gourd process of growth, make sponge gourd seedling remain at the height of 1.5-2m; Every day is plucked sponge gourd about 50kg in 0.5 mu every greenhouse, and annual production can reach 18000kg;
(9), temperature treatment: to ventilate after field planting in August, lid cotton-wadded quilt night after September 20, day temperature starts to ventilate higher than 30 DEG C.During 15-January 15 December, strengthen temperature treatment, day temperature remains on 25 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature remains on 18 DEG C; When shining upon cotton-wadded quilt, open cotton-wadded quilt in the morning gradually, and close cotton-wadded quilt thirty in the evening 5 .-5 in time, to be incubated; When day temperature is higher than more than 35 DEG C, progressively ventilate, each unlatching 1cm skylight;
Water management: regularly water, best watering time is the fine day morning; Seedling stage: 6-7d waters once, waters full ditch at every turn.Fruiting period: every 4d waters once, is 2/3rds ditches at every turn.
Embodiment 4
The invention provides the cultivation method of a kind of highlands sponge gourd whole year production, it comprises the steps:
(1) " emerging vegetables the are early good " variety of luffa, selecting Hunan academy of agricultural sciences to cultivate;
(2), at the beginning of 7 months, seed treatment is being carried out: boiling water scalds to plant after 4 seconds and transfers 55 DEG C of water seed soakings 7 hours to, is placed in the germinating box that temperature is set as 31 DEG C, vernalization 12 hours.Carry out field planting at the beginning of 8 months, start successively mid-September to gather;
(3), after vernalization, start sowing, every bunch planting kind seed after seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, adopt 50 caves dishes, seedling medium adopts the common vegetable seedling medium bought from market;
(4), field planting is started when seedling grows to 2 leaf 1 heart;
(5) greenhouse by solar heat, adopted: span 6m, length 60m, employing corrugate is cultivated, be illustrated in figure 1 the longitudinal sectional drawing of greenhouse soil, ditch depth 20cm (distance H), furrow width 20cm (distance I), field planting is carried out in the both sides of ditch, spacing in the rows 60cm, employing isosceles triangle is cultivated, and as D, E, the F in Fig. 1 is field planting point, wherein field planting point D distance ditch back gauge is 27cm (distance A), the distance B of field planting point between D, E is 75cm, and the distance C of field planting point between E, F is 75cm; Every greenhouse arranges 40 ditches, and the distance between adjacent two ditches is 1.3m (distance J), is total to field planting 20 strain sponge gourd seedling in the both sides of ditch, greenhouse by solar heat field planting 800 strain altogether of 0.5 mu;
(6) seedling management, after field planting: day temperature adds forced ventilation higher than when 30 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature remains on 18-20 DEG C; Humidity remains on about 70%;
(7), the management in flowering stage: after every morning 10, pollen scatters gradually, for sponge gourd carries out artificial pollination; Pollinating method: every strain sponge gourd needs to pollinate at interval of a joint, and a joint of not pollinating needs to remove all female flowers and malformed flower, in order to avoid waste nutrient;
After carrying out field planting 40-45 days, start to pluck sponge gourd successively; First sponge gourd is gathered complete, start to topdress, monthly impose once, fertilizer application formula is as follows: sheep excrement 25kg, dregs of fat 2.5kg, superphosphate 0.5kg, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 0.5kg, potassium sulfate 0.5kg, impose middle (the G point) at two ditches, employing is spreaded manuer in holes, and covers with soil, and fertilizer can not expose;
After each sponge gourd has been plucked, bottom Lao Ye to be removed in time; Seedling to be put in time in sponge gourd process of growth, make sponge gourd seedling remain at the height of 1.5-2m; Every day is plucked sponge gourd about 50kg in 0.5 mu every greenhouse, and annual production can reach 18000kg;
(8), temperature treatment: field planting in August is later to ventilate, lid cotton-wadded quilt night after September 20, and day temperature starts to ventilate higher than 30 DEG C; During 15-January 15 December, strengthen temperature treatment, day temperature remains on 35 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature remains on 15 DEG C.When shining upon cotton-wadded quilt, open cotton-wadded quilt in the morning gradually, and close cotton-wadded quilt thirty in the evening 5 .-5 in time, to be incubated; When day temperature is higher than more than 35 DEG C, progressively ventilate, each unlatching 1cm skylight;
Water management: regularly water, best watering time is the fine day morning; Seedling stage: 6-7d waters once, waters full ditch at every turn; Fruiting period: every 4d waters once, is 2/3rds ditches at every turn.
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned preferred forms; anyone can draw other various forms of products under enlightenment of the present invention; no matter but any change is done in its shape or structure; every have identical with the application or akin technical scheme, all drops within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a cultivation method for highlands sponge gourd whole year production, is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
(1) process seed: after being adopted by seed boiling water to scald kind of 4-6 second, in the warm water of 50-60 DEG C, soak 7-9 hour, be placed on 31-33 DEG C of environment under carry out vernalization 12-15 hour, until seed show money or valuables one carries unintentionally germinate after sow;
(2) nursery: the mixing that matrix added water adds cave dish, carries out nursery;
(3) field planting: carry out greenhouse field planting to the seedling that nursery obtains, adopts corrugate cultivation, ditch depth 15-25 centimetre, furrow width 15-25 centimetre, the distance between adjacent two ditches is 1-1.5 rice, carries out field planting in the both sides of ditch, field planting point distance ditch back gauge is 25-30 centimetre, and spacing in the rows is 55-75 centimetre;
Temperature and humidity management after field planting: day temperature remains on 25-36 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature remains on 15-20 DEG C, and relative moisture remains on 68-72%, evenly waters;
(4) management in flowering stage: for sponge gourd carries out artificial pollination, be specially: every strain sponge gourd is pollinated at interval of a joint, a joint of not pollinating removes all female flowers and malformed flower;
After carrying out field planting 40-45 days, start to pluck sponge gourd successively; After each harvesting is complete, destroy Lao Ye and Huang Ye of base portion, and constantly carry out putting seedling in sponge gourd process of growth, make sponge gourd seedling remain 1.5-2m height.
2. the cultivation method of highlands according to claim 1 sponge gourd whole year production, it is characterized in that: before greenhouse field planting is carried out to seedling, first in greenhouse, apply base manure, consisting of of described base manure: decay sheep excrement 3800-4200 weight portion, superphosphate 35-45 weight portion, potassium sulfate 35-45 weight portion, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 45-55 weight portion, dregs of fat 80-120 weight portion.
3. the cultivation method of highlands according to claim 1 and 2 sponge gourd whole year production, it is characterized in that: before greenhouse field planting is carried out to seedling, also sterilization and desinsection process are carried out to soil, be specially: after adopting the carbendazim of 90-110 weight portion, No. one, the continuous cropping of 90-110 weight portion, the abamectin emulsifiable concentrate of 90-110 parts by volume to mix, be sprayed on soil.
4. the cultivation method of highlands according to claim 3 sponge gourd whole year production, it is characterized in that: after first sponge gourd is plucked, topdress, fertilizer application formula is: sheep excrement 20-30 weight portion, dregs of fat 2-3 weight portion, superphosphate 0.4-0.6 weight portion, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 0.4-0.6 weight portion, potassium sulfate 0.4-0.6 weight portion.
5. the cultivation method of highlands according to claim 4 sponge gourd whole year production, is characterized in that: described in topdress and monthly carry out once, described in topdress as adopting mode of spreading manuer in holes to carry out at the intermediate point place of adjacent two ditches, after topdressing, fertilizer soil covers.
6. the cultivation method of highlands according to claim 1 and 2 sponge gourd whole year production, is characterized in that: during field planting, adopts isosceles triangle cultivation.
7. the cultivation method of highlands according to claim 6 sponge gourd whole year production, is characterized in that: the temperature treatment after field planting is: add forced ventilation during day temperature more than 30 DEG C.
CN201510681689.3A 2015-10-19 2015-10-19 A kind of cultural method of highlands sponge gourd whole year production Expired - Fee Related CN105359777B (en)

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CN110915569A (en) * 2018-08-31 2020-03-27 广西优吉屯农业科技有限公司 Planting method of towel gourds
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