CN105359691A - Two-strip two-layer wide belt fertilization method - Google Patents
Two-strip two-layer wide belt fertilization method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105359691A CN105359691A CN201510490358.1A CN201510490358A CN105359691A CN 105359691 A CN105359691 A CN 105359691A CN 201510490358 A CN201510490358 A CN 201510490358A CN 105359691 A CN105359691 A CN 105359691A
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Abstract
A two-strip two-layer wide belt fertilization method comprises the steps of determining the distance between strip fertilization belts, determining the width of the strip fertilization belts, determining the two-layer depth of the strip fertilization belts and the like. By the adoption of the fertilization method, the fertilizer utilization rate, yield and quality of flue-cured tobaccos are effectively improved, and conditions are created for mechanical harvesting of flue-cured tobaccos.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fertilization techniques for flue-cured tobacco field, be specifically related to a kind ofly improve flue-cured tobacco yield and quality and save the two bars bilayer broadbands fertilizing method of fertilizer.
Background technology
The current utilization rate of fertilizer of China is very low, and this season availability of nitrogenous fertilizer is only 30% ~ 35%, and phosphate fertilizer is about 10% ~ 20%, and potash fertilizer is about 35% ~ 50%, and the production of fertilizer is what to consume a large amount of energy be cost.The judging parameter of quality of tobacco particularly tobacco leaf affects obviously by soil fertility and fertilizing method.In current production, basal dressing mode is mainly taked wall scroll to apply fertilizer, is spreaded manuer in holes or the two mode such as to combine, heavy dressing base manure, and Shaoshi topdresses, this technology promotion cigarette seedling early growth and quick tiller, save in recruitment very effective.But in actual leaf tobacco production practice, many tobacco growers not spraying fertilizer, fertilizer is disposable to be used as base manure, although this allows tobacco grower feel comparatively saving of labor also there is following problem:
1, application position is near main root, affects utilization rate of fertilizer.The migration of fertilizer nutrient in soil and conversion in the position influence of fertilizer different administration, affect crop root growth and changes of root morphology, affect crop to the absorption of nutrient, utilization and migration, thus affect crop yield formation and fertilizer utilization efficiency.The prosperous long-term Root Distribution of flue-cured tobacco is with maximum apart from stem 10-25cm distribution density of plant roots, therefore, preferably distance stem 15-20cm is that radius circulating application is better, but farming operation is more difficult, therefore the most feasible fertilization mode is two row application apart from stem 15-20cm place in cigarette strain both sides.Current row replacement or bar apply nest applying method and cause more fertilizer can not absorb near main root (new root could absorb fertilizer, lower same), greatly reduce utilization rate of fertilizer and fertilising economic benefit.
2, the level used is more single, does not meet the needs of root growth.Current fertilization depth is general more shallow, only a formation more shallow fertilizer layer, and the nutrient ions diffusion in soil is comparatively slow, and the tobacco root that impact constantly grows to the absorption of fertilizer, and then affects flue-cured tobacco yield and quality.
3, fertilizer loss is more, adds the harmful effect to environment.Because the application process such as fertilizer placement and level is improper, fertilizer is difficult to absorb, and rainy season runs off more, pollutes environment.
4, row application stockline is narrower, fails to meet root growth needs.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of utilization rate of fertilizer and the yield and quality that effectively can improve flue-cured tobacco are provided, and to gather two bars double-deck broadbands fertilizing method that flue-cured tobacco creates conditions for realizing mechanization.
The object of the invention is to realize in the following manner:
It comprises the following steps:
1. two bar double-deck broadbands fertilizer belt distance is determined: spacing 30-40 centimetre between two fertilizer bands.
2. two bar double-deck broadbands fertilizer band bandwidth is determined: every bar fertilizer band bandwidth 10-15 centimetre.
3. determine the double-deck degree of depth of two bar double-deck broadband fertilizer band: in two row application bands, the degree of depth of a row application band is 10-20 centimetre, another row application band is than the dark 3-5 centimetre of Article 1 fertilising band; Two row application bands are staggered.
The double-deck fertilizer belt distance rice field, broadband of two bar adopts 40 centimetres, and drought soil adopts 30 centimetres.
The double-deck fertilizer band bandwidth rice field, broadband of two bar adopts 15 centimetres, and drought soil adopts 10 centimetres.
Two bar double-deck broadband double-deck depth difference of fertilizer band is that rice field differs 5 centimetres, and the non-irrigated soil phase differs from 3 centimetres.
Fertilization mode of the present invention as shown in Figure 1.
Can overlap with two when step (1), (2) are applied fertilizer with artificial bracing wire in (3) and locate clue (conventional fertilizer application is by a set of location clue), a wherein trench digging; Also can use ridger ridging, banking machine is ditched.
Fertilizer wideband width also can in 5-15 cm width scope according to soil actual conditions in step (2), with applicable mountain area soil type.
Step (1), (2) can be equal to conventional leaf tobacco production with fertilizing amount in (3), also can subtract and execute 2% base manure fertilizer.
Raising flue-cured tobacco yield and quality provided by the present invention and save the two bars bilayer broadbands fertilizing method of fertilizer, compared with the leaf tobacco production base manure fertilizing method of current cigarette district routine, it is advantageous that:
1, improve utilization rate of fertilizer by correct fertilizer placement, saved fertilizer, achieve the object that this falls in leaf tobacco production.
2, the root system being solved constantly growth by correct fertilising level, to the demand of fertilizer and an absorption difficult problem, is improve root system fertilizer absorption efficiency, and then improves the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco.
3, fertilizer loss and the pollution to water and soil resources is decreased.Significant with improvement to the maintenance of water and soil resources.
4, the absorption area adding fertilizer and root system is spread fertilizer over the fields in fertilizer broadband.
5, be improve base manure consumption, recruitment is topdressed in minimizing and improve fertilising gross efficiency etc. to provide theory and practice foundation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is fertilization mode schematic diagram of the present invention:
Fertilizer band is not deepened in " * " expression, "." represent and deepen fertilizer band.
Embodiment
Following examples for illustration of the present invention, but do not limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
Two bar double-deck broadband fertilizing method is on flue-cured tobacco utilization rate of fertilizer and yield and quality impact
1. experimental scheme
1.1 test sites: Huayuan county road two Technology Park.
1.2 for examination material
(1) for examination material
:the fertilizer special for tobacco that local leaf tobacco production uses.
(2) experimental cultivar: local main breed cloud and mist 87.
1.3 experimental field select
Require middle fertility, fertility is evenly distributed, and illumination and irrigation condition well, were not carried out fertilizer test in nearly 2 years, and can be represented the plot, non-lesion of this district's In The Soils.
1.4 experimental scheme
3 process are established in test, repeat for 3 times, adopt randomised block design, 9 communities
(1) conventional production
(2) two bar double-deck broadband basal dressing+conventional fertilizer application amount.
(3) the conventional base manure fertilizing amount of the double-deck broadband basal dressing+98% of two bar, topdress same conventional fertilizer application.
Two bar distance 40 centimetres, fertilizer band bandwidth 15 centimetres, double-deck depth difference 5 centimetres, ridging in the middle of two bar, cigarette seedling is planted deeply, and other farming operates, and performs by " flue-cured tobacco standardized production technical scheme in 2015 ".
2. test requirements document
2.1 respectively process the soil sample 1kg of 5 ~ 20cm soil layer immediately below the soil sample 1kg of two strain cigarette center position 5 ~ 20cm soil layers on cigarette ridge and cigarette strain respectively at random acquisition before fertilising and after adopting roasting end.
2.2 do field management well, keep the uniformity of land for growing field crops farming operation.
2.3 according to test requirements document, guarantees the baking of tobacco leaf timely collecting, science, standard grading and sampling.During each process is got, tobacco leaf (X2F, C3F and B2F) 1Kg of the representational grade in top smokes panel test for attributional analysis and tobacco leaf.
2.4 calculate and relatively more each production cost, economic benefit processed.
3. observe record project
3.1 record main growing stage (transplanting time, initial bloom stage, Topping Stage, beginning adopt the phase, adopt phase, growing stage eventually); The field growing way appearance that tobacco growing is grown, a situation arises and the ripe situation of tobacco leaf for main diseases and insect pests.
Representative cigarette strain 5 strain is chosen in 3.2 every communities, records main growing stage economical character and [transplants latter 35 days (group's phase) cigarette strain plant height, stem girth, effective blade number, maximum leaf area; Transplant latter about 60 days (initial bloom stage) cigarette strain plant heights, stem girth, the number of blade, middle leaf length and width; Maturing stage economical character (after pinching plant height, stem girth, effectively leaves remained, upper, middle and lower portion leaf length and width)].
3.3 record each process physical characteristic (containing stalk rate, weight per leaf, vane thickness, hacking rate).
3.4 record each process presentation quality (maturity, blade construction, oil content, identity, gloss).
During 3.5 picking and roastings, single receipts are singly adopted in each community, separately baking, classification, weigh, and calculate respective output, the output value, first-class cigarette, medium grade cigarette ratio etc.
4. sample detection
4.1 soil physical properties: measure the bulk density of soil, porosity, moisture content.
4.2 soil chemical characteritics: measure Soil Available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic, medium trace element and pH value.
The inherent ingredient analysis of 4.3 tobacco leaves: total Soluble Sugar, nicotine, total nitrogen, potassium, chlorine.
Adopt the method for the invention to obtain good effect, concrete data are in table 1, table 2.
Table 1 Different Fertilization method yield of tobacco quality and constituent ratio thereof are comparatively
| Fertilization mode | Plant height (centimetre) | The number of blade/strain | Weight per leaf (gram) | Upper medium grade cigarette ratio (%) | Average price (unit/kg) | Per mu yield (kg/ mu) | Per mu yield value (unit/mu) |
| Fertilizing method of the present invention subtracts 2% fertilizer | 94.3 | 18.0 | 9.0 | 75.9 | 17.50 | 131.5 | 2301.7 |
| Conventional fertilizer application method | 94.1 | 16.9 | 8.6 | 63.1 | 17.00 | 116.9 | 1987.6 |
Table 2 Different Fertilization method disease incidence and basal dressing recruitment are compared
| Fertilization mode | Weather spot incidence (%) | Mosaic disease incidence (%) | Black stem incidence (%) | Bacterial wilt incidence (%) | Root black rot (%) | Bracing wire fertilising recruitment (individual/mu) | Ridging trench digging recruitment (individual/mu) |
| Fertilizing method of the present invention subtracts 2% fertilizer | 3.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.15 | 0.22 |
| Conventional fertilizer application method | 4.3 | 0.82 | 0.41 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.20 |
Plant height in table 1, the number of blade, weight per leaf are that two kinds of fertilizing methods repeat respectively to get 5 sample points by 3 times, often 10 strains, the investigation result of totally 50 strains; Upper medium grade cigarette ratio, average price, per mu yield, per mu yield value are the result that two kinds of fertilizing method field actual cut baking classifications calculate.
Disease incidence in table 2 is front field actual observation result of gathering after pinching, investigation statistics recruitment when recruitment refers to manual operation.
Result shows, and compared with cultivate with conventional leaf tobacco production, namely " 2+2 " fertilization method improves flue-cured tobacco yield and quality and save the generation that the base manure fertilizing method of fertilizer can reduce the tikka diseases such as weather spot, the quantity and quality of raising utilization rate of fertilizer, flue-cured tobacco.
Claims (4)
1. two bar double-deck broadbands fertilizing method, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
1. two bar double-deck broadbands fertilizer belt distance is determined: spacing 30-40 centimetre between two fertilizer bands;
2. two bar double-deck broadbands fertilizer band bandwidth is determined: every bar fertilizer band bandwidth 10-15 centimetre;
3. determine the double-deck degree of depth of two bar double-deck broadband fertilizer band: in two row application bands, the degree of depth of a row application band is 10-20 centimetre, another row application band is than the dark 3-5 centimetre of Article 1 fertilising band; Two row application bands are staggered.
2. the according to claim 1 pair of bar double-deck broadband fertilizing method, is characterized in that: step 1. in two bar double-deck broadbands fertilizer belt distance: rice field adopts 40 centimetres, and drought soil adopts 30 centimetres.
3. according to claim 1 pair of bar double-deck broadband fertilizing method, it is characterized in that: step is middle fertilizer band bandwidth 2.: rice field adopts 15 centimetres, drought soil adopts 10 centimetres.
4. according to claim 1 pair of bar double-deck broadband fertilizing method, is characterized in that: the step 3. double-deck depth difference of two bar double-deck broadband fertilizer band is: rice field differs 5 centimetres, and the non-irrigated soil phase differs from 3 centimetres.
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102124894A (en) * | 2010-12-27 | 2011-07-20 | 山东临沂烟草有限公司 | Technical method for cultivating cured tobaccos under mulching film |
| CN102257901A (en) * | 2010-05-28 | 2011-11-30 | 辽宁省农业科学院环境资源与农村能源研究所 | High efficiency fertilizing method of maize with double-layer deep placement |
| JP2013046609A (en) * | 2011-07-22 | 2013-03-07 | Miyoshi Kogyo Kk | Method for growing crop and agricultural machine |
| CN103430679A (en) * | 2013-09-09 | 2013-12-11 | 中国烟草总公司重庆市公司丰都分公司 | Plastic film fertilizing method for flue-cured tobacco |
| US20140215905A1 (en) * | 2011-10-28 | 2014-08-07 | International Business Machines Corporation | Microcapsules adapted to rupture in a magnetic field |
| CN204539740U (en) * | 2015-03-03 | 2015-08-12 | 山东潍坊烟草有限公司安丘分公司 | The two bar bi-layered fertilizing ridging all-in-one of a kind of vega |
-
2015
- 2015-08-12 CN CN201510490358.1A patent/CN105359691A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102257901A (en) * | 2010-05-28 | 2011-11-30 | 辽宁省农业科学院环境资源与农村能源研究所 | High efficiency fertilizing method of maize with double-layer deep placement |
| CN102124894A (en) * | 2010-12-27 | 2011-07-20 | 山东临沂烟草有限公司 | Technical method for cultivating cured tobaccos under mulching film |
| JP2013046609A (en) * | 2011-07-22 | 2013-03-07 | Miyoshi Kogyo Kk | Method for growing crop and agricultural machine |
| US20140215905A1 (en) * | 2011-10-28 | 2014-08-07 | International Business Machines Corporation | Microcapsules adapted to rupture in a magnetic field |
| CN103430679A (en) * | 2013-09-09 | 2013-12-11 | 中国烟草总公司重庆市公司丰都分公司 | Plastic film fertilizing method for flue-cured tobacco |
| CN204539740U (en) * | 2015-03-03 | 2015-08-12 | 山东潍坊烟草有限公司安丘分公司 | The two bar bi-layered fertilizing ridging all-in-one of a kind of vega |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
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| 官春运等: "《现代作物栽培学》", 30 November 2011 * |
| 曲雪松: "烟草常用施肥方式比较分析", 《北京农业》 * |
| 王跃金等: "楚雄州推广烤烟小苗膜下移栽技术的实践与思考", 《安徽农业科学》 * |
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