CN111713329B - Direct seeding garden building technology for apricot plum in oasis-desert transition zone - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a technology for direct seeding and orchard establishment of apricot plum in an oasis-desert transition zone. The apricot plum direct-seeding garden building technology comprises the following steps: seed collection, seed treatment before sowing, soil preparation, sowing and film covering, seedling management, grafting, grafted seedling management, water and fertilizer management after transplanting, shaping and pruning, high yield management and dormancy stage management. Compared with the conventional garden building, the method has the advantages of low cost, short garden forming time, quick response, simple operation, easy mastering and easier acceptance by farmers. The technology can realize the goals of grafting into a garden in the current year, shaping in the next year, high yield in the third year and high efficiency, breaks through the inherent mode that the traditional fruit tree seedling transplanting takes effect in 3-5 years and the high yield is realized in 8-10 years, and opens up a brand-new way for realizing the standardized, intensive and mechanized production of the apricot plum industry.

Description

Direct seeding garden building technology for apricot plum in oasis-desert transition zone

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of planting, and particularly relates to a technology for direct seeding and orchard establishment of apricot plum in an oasis-desert transition zone.

Background

In the desertification process, the oasis-desert transition zone is at the forefront and is the area reflecting the most sensitivity. The ecological environment is further deteriorated by the sand storm activity in the area and the reclaiming and wasteland behavior of the migrant, and the stability of oasis and the quality of life of the masses in the sand area are directly influenced by adopting proper control measures. The apricot plum is artificially cultivated in the suitable forest land of the area in the oasis-desert transition zone, so that the ecological environment can be prevented from further worsening while the agricultural industry is developed on the basis of limited land resources. After the apricot plum is artificially cultivated in the desert-oasis transition zone, the crossing wind speed is reduced in spring, the diversity of plants in growing season is increased, and the ecological environment of a treatment area is improved.

The existing fruit tree seedling transplanting takes effect in 3-5 years, the fruit trees have high yield in 8-10 years, the time is too long, the income is slow, and the nutritional ingredients of the fruits cannot meet the increasing requirements of people.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a technology for direct seeding and orchard establishment of apricot plum in an oasis-desert transition zone. The technology can realize the goals of grafting into a garden in the current year, shaping in the next year, high yield in the third year and high efficiency, breaks through the inherent mode that the traditional fruit tree seedling transplanting takes effect in 3-5 years and the high yield is realized in 8-10 years, and opens up a brand-new way for realizing the standardized, intensive and mechanized production of the apricot plum industry.

The idea of the invention is as follows: the wild peach has a developed root system and grows fast, the directly-seeded wild peach seed can grow 50-60 cm in the same year and can grow 1.5m high in the second year, the sprouting ability is strong, the wild peach after stumping can sprout more branches, the wild peach is used as a stock, the grafting affinity with apricot plum is strong, the survival rate is high, and the tree grows robustly; the apricot plum, as a novel fruit with a brand new concept, has the characteristics of large fruit, early fruiting, high yield and long harvest period, has unique fruit flavor, good taste, rich nutrition, high content of soluble solid matters and rich vitamins and mineral elements, is grafted with wild peaches, begins to bear fruits in the 2 nd year after planting, enters the full bearing period in the 3 rd year, and has the full bearing period as long as 20 years. In addition, the apricot plum has the excellent characteristics of high yield, stable yield and the like, the yield per mu in the full fruit period is high, the mature period of fruits of different varieties ranges from 6 middle of the month to 9 upper ten days, the supply period of fresh fruits in the market ranges from 4 months to 5 months, and meanwhile, as a novel fruit with a brand new concept, the novel fruit has profound influence on the adjustment of the planting structure of the economic forest industry in China and the enrichment of farmers. According to the biology, ecology and tree species characteristics of the apricot plum, the method follows the principle of suitable land and suitable tree, the patent explores that under the condition of a desert-oasis transition zone, the technology of direct seeding and orchard establishment of the apricot plum is developed through grafting and selection of a matched cultivation mode, the ecological environment is improved, the high yield and high harvest of the forest and fruit planting industry are achieved, and certain economic benefits are brought.

The scheme of the invention is to provide a technology for establishing a direct seeding garden of apricot plum in an oasis-desert transition zone, which comprises the following steps:

(1) seed collection: collecting wild peach seeds in the last 10 th ten days, airing and collecting to obtain seeds for sowing;

(2) seed treatment before sowing: accelerating germination of the seeds for sowing obtained in the step (1), and when the seeds for sowing are opened, obtaining opened seeds, and sowing;

(3) land preparation: applying base fertilizer before sowing, deeply ploughing, deeply loosening and rotary tillage, then digging soil and sealing, and finally leveling the land;

(4) sowing and laminating: preparing for seeding in 3 months in the 2 nd year, sequentially paving a film, pulling a drip tape, seeding the open seeds obtained in the step (2) and pressing the film, and dripping seedling water after seeding;

(5) seedling management: spraying a rooting and seedling strengthening agent and a leaf fertilizer after the seedlings come out of the soil in the last 4 th month of the 2 nd year; in the last 5 th ten days of the year 2, applying drip irrigation fertilizer to the seedlings along with water; controlling water in the last 8 th month of the 2 nd year, and stopping watering; water drops in 9 middle of month in 2 nd year; no water drops in 10 months in the 2 nd year; dripping the winter water before the winter from 11 th to 12 th of the last month in the 2 nd year;

(6) grafting: grafting when the ground diameter of the wild peach seedlings reaches 0.4-0.6 cm in 7 months in the 2 nd year, carrying out hard bud grafting on the good apricot plum scions collected in advance by taking the wild peaches as stocks, and carrying out normal water and fertilizer management after bud grafting to obtain grafted apricot plum seedlings;

(7) and (3) grafted seedling management: transplanting the grafted apricot plum seedlings obtained in the step (6) in autumn, applying a base fertilizer into transplanting pits in a field, and implanting the grafted apricot plum seedlings;

(8) and (3) water and fertilizer management after transplanting: wherein the watering management comprises: watering after grafting the apricot plum seedlings, sealing and freezing, and watering in 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 months in 3 rd year; stopping watering for 1 month after 8 middle ten days of the 3 rd year; irrigating winter in 11 months of 3 year, and sealing; wherein the fertilization management is as follows: applying decomposed organic fertilizer to the root of the Prunus salicina seedling every other one year in autumn after transplanting, and performing drip application of urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate to the Prunus salicina seedling 4 and 6 months per year after transplanting;

(9) shaping and trimming: pruning the grafted apricot plum seedlings in the third year, and bud carving and pinching in spring; retracting middle and large branches in winter, wherein the whole branches of the tree body are distributed to be sparse at the upper part and dense at the lower part, sparse at the outer part and dense at the inner part;

(10) high yield management: spraying a mixed solution of borax and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in a flowering period to improve the fruit setting rate; thinning fruits after fruit setting, and controlling crowns and simultaneously ensuring the quality of the fruits;

(11) management of a dormant period: for young trees with weak growth, the method adopts the dry wrapping and soil burying for overwintering and cold protection, the trunk is wrapped by a straw mat, and then the soil is buried to a grafting opening by taking the trunk as the center.

The method comprises the following specific steps:

in the step (1), seed collection: seeds are collected in autumn in the 1 st year and sowed in spring in the 2 nd year. The method comprises the steps of starting to collect cones in the last 10 th month of wild peach seeds, selecting wild peach seedling trees with good growth vigor and good growth phase and without diseases and insect pests as seed collecting mother trees, starting to collect cones after the wild peach seeds mature in the last 10 th month of 1 year, drying the picked wild peach seeds in the sun, beating the seeds with a stick when fruit scales crack, winnowing the seeds with full seeds and without diseases and insect pests and mechanical damage after the seeds are separated from the fruit scales, airing and storing, and sowing for use in the spring of 2 years.

In the step (2), seed treatment before sowing: sowing in spring 3 months in 2 years, wherein the wild peach seeds need to be subjected to germination accelerating treatment before sowing, and a laminated germination accelerating treatment method is adopted, namely, the wild peach seeds are subjected to germination accelerating treatment for 8-10 days in a sand culture room with the temperature of 15-20 ℃, and sand is sprayed with 600 times of carbendazim water solution before the sand storage germination accelerating treatment; when 15-30% of the wild peach seeds are opened, sowing can be carried out, and during the period, the germinated seeds are picked out and planted in a nutrition pot and can be used for seedling supplement.

In the step (3), soil preparation: 5-10 days before sowing, applying a base fertilizer, adding 25-35 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate into 90-110 kg/mu of organic fertilizer, uniformly stirring, then spreading, deeply turning over for more than 0.3m, then carrying out deep loosening and rotary tillage, finally, digging soil, sealing, taking 100-120 g/mu of Douguer, spraying 400-420 times of water solution of Douguer from the height of less than 0.5m under the condition of windless weather, and leveling the land with a light frame after spraying.

In the step (4), sowing and film covering: and (3) sowing in the beginning of 3 months in the 2 nd year, directly sowing the treated wild peach seeds in the field, and mechanically operating by using a peach seed sowing machine in a single row at the row spacing of 5.5-6.5 m and at the hole spacing of 0.4-0.6 m to spread and pull a drip irrigation tape, sow and press a film by using a black mulching film of 70 cm. Sowing 1-3 wild peach seeds in each hole, checking the sowing condition after sowing, and dripping water for 36 hours after sowing, wherein the dripping depth is more than 3 cm. And dripping water according to the soil moisture content for about 12 hours.

In the step (5), seedling management: paying attention to timely putting seedlings after the seedlings come out of soil in the last ten days of 4 months in the 2 nd year, spraying a rooting and seedling strengthening agent and a foliar fertilizer when the seedlings grow to 15cm, and spraying for 3 times in total after 7-10 days; after the wild peach seedlings enter fast growth, applying drip irrigation fertilizer along with water when the height of the seedlings is about 25cm in late 5 months in 2 years, and applying the drip irrigation fertilizer once every 10-12 days for 2 times along with the water; drip irrigation is carried out every 8-12 days in 6 months and 7 months in the 2 nd year; controlling water in the last ten days of 8 months in the 2 nd year, stopping watering for one month, dripping water for 1 time in the middle 9 th month in the 2 nd year, and not dripping water in the 10 th month in the 2 nd year; and (4) in 2 nd, before the beginning of the winter from 11 th to 12 th month, dripping the winter water. In the period, when the height of the wild peach seedlings is 30-40 cm in 6-8 months, mechanical intertillage weeding is adopted, and the wild peach seedlings are intertillage for 1 time per month.

In the step (6), grafting: grafting when the ground diameter of the wild peach seedlings reaches 0.4-0.6 cm in 7 months in 2 years, carrying out hard bud grafting on the good apricot plum scions collected in advance by taking the wild peaches as stocks, carrying out normal water and fertilizer management after bud grafting, controlling water and stopping water dripping until 8 days in 2 years.

In the step (7), grafted seedling management: transplanting the grafted Prunus plumus seedlings obtained in the step (6) at intervals of 4 plants from 11 late autumn to 12 early autumn, digging out bare roots of the Prunus plumus stock seedlings, planting the bare roots along with the bare roots, applying base fertilizer into the transplanting pits in a field, filling 3-5 cm of thin soil into the transplanting pits, and implanting the grafted Prunus plumus seedlings; the row spacing of the transplanted plants is 6m multiplied by 2.5 m.

In the step (8), water and fertilizer management after transplanting: watering for the first time within 24 hours after the grafted apricot plum seedlings are planted, and watering for water filling and freezing at intervals of 5-6 days after watering for the first time; watering every 10-12 days in 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 months of the 3 rd year; stopping watering for 1 month after 8 middle ten days of the 3 year, flooding the 3 year by using water from 11 months to 5 days to 11 months and 10 days, watering for water sealing and freezing, digging 20 cm-30 cm holes in the autumn every other year after transplanting, applying 180-220 g of decomposed organic fertilizer in each hole, and respectively applying 14-16 kg of urea and 7-9 kg of monopotassium phosphate to the apricot plum seedlings according to the area per mu from 4 months to 20 months and from 6 months to 15 months to 6 months and 20 days after transplanting every year.

In the step (9), shaping and trimming: pruning grafted apricot plum seedlings in the 3 rd year, shaping and branch pulling are carried out in a free spindle shape, bud carving is carried out in spring to promote lateral branch germination, when the lateral branches grow to be 30-40 cm, 3-6 main branches are selected to extend according to an opening angle of 43-47 degrees, the upper and lower parts are spaced by 13-17 cm, pinching is carried out at the position of 38-42 cm to promote lateral branch germination, and other redundant branches are not required to be managed; in winter, the middle and large branches are retracted, the middle and upper over-dense branches and cross branches are thinned, and the whole tree branches are arranged to be thinned at the upper part and thinned at the lower part, and are thinned at the outer part and densely arranged at the inner part.

In the step (10), high yield management: spraying a mixed solution of 0.2% of borax and 0.2% of monopotassium phosphate in the flowering phase, improving the fruit setting rate, and trimming weak branches and dense branches in the flowering phase; thinning fruits 2-3 weeks after fruit setting, reserving 1 fruit on each fruit branch per 5cm, and controlling crowns and simultaneously ensuring the quality of fruits.

In step (11), management of sleep period: for young trees with weak growth, the overwintering and cold protection are carried out by adopting wrapped-stem soil-burying, the trunk is wrapped by a straw mat, and then the soil is buried to a position 15cm above a grafting opening by taking the trunk as a center.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

according to the technology for establishing the direct seeding garden of the apricot plums in the oasis-desert transition zone, the goals of grafting into the garden in the current year, shaping in the next year and high yield in the third year can be achieved, the inherent mode that the effect is achieved in 3-5 years through the traditional fruit tree seedling transplantation and the yield is high in 8-10 years is broken through, a brand-new way is opened for realizing standardization, intensification and mechanization production of the apricot plum industry, and the obtained fruits are detected to show that the single fruit is large in particle, high in yield per mu and rich in nutrient substances.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

The embodiment provides a technology for establishing a direct seeding garden of apricot plum in an oasis-desert transition zone, which comprises the following steps:

(1) seed collection: the method comprises the steps of collecting the cones from the wild peach seeds in the last 10 th month, selecting the wild peach seedling trees with good growth vigor and good growth phase and without diseases and insect pests as seed collecting mother trees, collecting the cones from the mature wild peach seeds in the last 10 th month of 1 year, drying the collected wild peach seeds in the sun, beating the seeds with a stick when fruit scales crack, separating the seeds from the fruit scales, winnowing the seeds with full seeds and without diseases and insect pests and mechanical damage, drying and storing the seeds, and sowing the seeds for later use in the spring of 2 year.

(2) Seed treatment before sowing: sowing in spring of 2 years at the beginning of 3 months, wherein the wild peach seeds need to be subjected to germination accelerating treatment before sowing, and a laminated germination accelerating treatment method is adopted, namely, the wild peach seeds are subjected to germination accelerating treatment for 8 days in a sand culture room with the temperature of 15 ℃, and sand is sprayed with 600 times of carbendazim water solution before the sand storage germination accelerating treatment; when the opening of the wild peach seeds is 15%, sowing can be carried out, and during the period, the germinated seeds are picked out and planted in a nutrition pot for seedling supplement.

(3) Land preparation: 5 days before sowing, applying base fertilizer, adding 25 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate into 90 kg/mu of organic fertilizer, uniformly stirring, spreading, deeply turning over for more than 0.3m, deeply loosening and rotary tillage, finally, sealing soil, taking 100 g/mu of Doudoel, spraying 400 times of water solution of the Doudoel from the height of less than 0.5m under the condition of windless weather, and leveling the land by using a light frame after spraying.

(4) Sowing and laminating: sowing in 3 months in 2 years, directly sowing the treated wild peach seeds in the field, mechanically operating with a peach seed sowing machine in a single row, and paving, pulling drip irrigation tapes, sowing and pressing films by using a black mulching film of 70cm at a row spacing of 5.5m and a hole spacing of 0.4 m. Sowing 1 peach seed in each hole, checking the sowing condition after sowing, and dripping water for 36h after sowing, wherein the dripping depth is more than 3 cm. And dripping water according to the soil moisture content for about 12 hours.

(5) Seedling management: paying attention to timely putting seedlings after the seedlings come out of soil in the last ten days of 4 months in the 2 nd year, spraying a rooting and seedling strengthening agent and a foliar fertilizer when the seedlings grow to 15cm, and spraying for 3 times in total after 7 days; after the wild peach seedlings enter fast growth period, applying drip irrigation fertilizer along with water when the height of the seedlings is about 25cm in late 5 months in 2 years, and applying the drip irrigation fertilizer once every 10 days for 2 times along with the water; drip irrigation every 8d in 6 months and 7 months in the 2 nd year; controlling water in the last ten days of 8 months in the 2 nd year, stopping watering for one month, dripping water for 1 time in the middle 9 th month in the 2 nd year, and not dripping water in the 10 th month in the 2 nd year; and (4) in 2 nd, before the beginning of the winter from 11 th to 12 th month, dripping the winter water. In the period, when the height of the wild peach seedlings is 30cm in 6-8 months, mechanical intertillage weeding is adopted, and the mechanical intertillage is carried out for 1 time per month.

(6) Grafting: grafting when the ground diameter of the wild peach seedlings reaches 0.4cm in 7 months in 2 years, carrying out hard budding on good apricot plum scions collected in advance by taking the wild peaches as stocks, carrying out normal water and fertilizer management after budding, controlling water in the last ten days of 8 months in 2 years, and stopping dripping.

(7) And (3) grafted seedling management: transplanting the grafted Prunus plumus seedlings obtained in the step (6) at intervals of 4 plants from 11 late autumn to 12 early autumn, digging out bare roots of the Prunus plumus stock seedlings, planting the bare roots along with the bare roots, applying base fertilizer into the transplanting pits in a field, filling 3cm of thin soil into the transplanting pits, and implanting the grafted Prunus plumus seedlings; the row spacing of the transplanted plants is 6m multiplied by 2.5 m.

(8) And (3) water and fertilizer management after transplanting: watering for the first time within 24 hours after the grafted apricot plum seedlings are planted, and watering for water-filling and freezing at intervals of 5 days after watering for the first time; watering every 10 days in 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 months of the 3 rd year; stopping watering for 1 month after 8 middle ten days of the 3 year, flooding the 3 year by using water from 11 months and 5 days to 11 months and 10 days, watering for water sealing and freezing, digging 20 cm-30 cm holes in the autumn every other year after transplanting, applying 180g of decomposed organic fertilizer in each hole, and respectively applying 14kg of urea and 7kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate to the Prunus seedlings per mu in 15 days to 4 months and 20 days from 6 months and 15 days to 6 months and 20 days each mu every year after transplanting.

(9) Shaping and trimming: pruning grafted seedlings of the Prunus humilis Bunge in the 3 rd year, shaping and branch pulling by adopting a free spindle shape, bud carving in spring to promote lateral branch germination, selecting 3 main branches to extend according to an opening angle of 43 degrees when the lateral branches grow to 30cm, spacing 13cm up and down, pinching at the position of 38cm to promote lateral branch germination, and not managing other redundant branches; in winter, the middle and large branches are retracted, the middle and upper over-dense branches and cross branches are thinned, and the whole tree branches are arranged to be thinned at the upper part and thinned at the lower part, and are thinned at the outer part and densely arranged at the inner part.

(10) High yield management: spraying a mixed solution of 0.2% of borax and 0.2% of monopotassium phosphate in the flowering phase, improving the fruit setting rate, and trimming weak branches and dense branches in the flowering phase; thinning fruits 2 weeks after fruit setting, reserving 1 fruit on each 5cm branch, and controlling the crown while ensuring the fruit quality.

(11) Management of a dormant period: for young trees with weak growth, the overwintering and cold protection are carried out by adopting wrapped-stem soil-burying, the trunk is wrapped by a straw mat, and then the soil is buried to a position 15cm above a grafting opening by taking the trunk as a center.

Example 2

The embodiment provides a technology for establishing a direct seeding garden of apricot plum in an oasis-desert transition zone, which comprises the following steps:

(1) seed collection: the method comprises the steps of collecting the cones from the wild peach seeds in the last 10 th month, selecting the wild peach seedling trees with good growth vigor and good growth phase and without diseases and insect pests as seed collecting mother trees, collecting the cones from the mature wild peach seeds in the last 10 th month of 1 year, drying the collected wild peach seeds in the sun, beating the seeds with a stick when fruit scales crack, separating the seeds from the fruit scales, winnowing the seeds with full seeds and without diseases and insect pests and mechanical damage, drying and storing the seeds, and sowing the seeds for later use in the spring of 2 year.

(2) Seed treatment before sowing: sowing in spring of 2 years at the beginning of 3 months, wherein the wild peach seeds need to be subjected to germination accelerating treatment before sowing, and a laminated germination accelerating treatment method is adopted, namely, the wild peach seeds are subjected to germination accelerating treatment for 10 days in a sand culture room with the temperature of 20 ℃, and sand is sprayed with 600 times of carbendazim water solution before the sand storage germination accelerating treatment; when the opening of the wild peach seeds is 30%, sowing can be carried out, and during the period, the germinated seeds are picked out and planted in a nutrition pot for seedling supplement.

(3) Land preparation: 10 days before sowing, applying base fertilizer, adding 35 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate into 110 kg/mu of organic fertilizer, uniformly stirring, spreading, deeply turning over for more than 0.3m, deeply loosening and rotary tillage, finally, sealing soil, taking 120 g/mu of Doudoer, spraying 420 times of water solution of Doudoer from the height of less than 0.5m under the condition of windless weather, and leveling the land by using a light frame after spraying.

(4) Sowing and laminating: sowing in 3 months in 2 years, directly sowing the treated wild peach seeds in the field, and mechanically operating with a peach seed sowing machine in a single row at a row spacing of 6.5m and a hole spacing of 0.6m, and spreading a black mulching film of 70cm, pulling a drip irrigation tape, sowing and pressing the film. Sowing 3 wild peach seeds in each hole, checking the sowing condition after sowing, and dripping water for 36 hours after sowing, wherein the dripping depth is more than 3 cm. And dripping water according to the soil moisture content for about 12 hours.

(5) Seedling management: paying attention to timely putting seedlings after the seedlings come out of soil in the last ten days of 4 months in the 2 nd year, spraying a rooting and seedling strengthening agent and a foliar fertilizer when the seedlings grow to 15cm, and spraying for 3 times in 10 days; after the wild peach seedlings enter fast growth, applying drip irrigation fertilizer along with water when the height of the seedlings is about 25cm in late 5 months in 2 years, and applying the drip irrigation fertilizer once every 12 days for 2 times along with the water; drip irrigation every 12d in 6 months and 7 months in the 2 nd year; controlling water in the last ten days of 8 months in the 2 nd year, stopping watering for one month, dripping water for 1 time in the middle 9 th month in the 2 nd year, and not dripping water in the 10 th month in the 2 nd year; and (4) in 2 nd, before the beginning of the winter from 11 th to 12 th month, dripping the winter water. In the period, when the height of the seedling of the wild peach is 40cm in 6-8 months, mechanical intertillage weeding is adopted, and the mechanical intertillage is carried out for 1 time per month.

(6) Grafting: grafting when the ground diameter of the wild peach seedlings reaches 0.6cm in 7 months in 2 years, carrying out hard budding on good apricot plum scions collected in advance by taking the wild peaches as stocks, carrying out normal water and fertilizer management after budding, controlling water in the last ten days of 8 months in 2 years, and stopping dripping.

In the step (7), grafted seedling management: transplanting the grafted Prunus plumus seedlings obtained in the step (6) at intervals of 4 plants from 11 late autumn to 12 early autumn, digging out bare roots of the Prunus plumus stock seedlings, planting the bare roots along with the bare roots, applying base fertilizer into the transplanting pits in a field, filling 5cm of thin soil into the transplanting pits, and implanting the grafted Prunus plumus seedlings; the row spacing of the transplanted plants is 6m multiplied by 2.5 m.

(8) And (3) water and fertilizer management after transplanting: watering for the first time within 24 hours after the grafted apricot plum seedlings are planted, and watering for water-filling and freezing at intervals of 6 days after watering for the first time; watering every 12d in 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 months of the 3 rd year; stopping watering for 1 month after 8 middle ten days of the 3 year, flooding the 3 year by using water from 11 months and 5 days to 11 months and 10 days, watering for water sealing and freezing, digging 20 cm-30 cm holes in the autumn every other year after transplanting, applying 220g of decomposed organic fertilizer in each hole, and respectively applying 16kg of urea and 9kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate to the Prunus seedlings per mu after transplanting from 4 months 15 days to 4 months 20 days and from 6 months 15 days to 6 months 20 days every year.

(9) Shaping and trimming: pruning grafted seedlings of the Prunus humilis Bunge in the 3 rd year, shaping and branch pulling by adopting a free spindle shape, bud carving in spring to promote lateral branch germination, selecting 6 main branches to extend according to 47 degrees of opening angles when the lateral branches grow to 40cm, separating 17cm from top to bottom, pinching at 42cm to promote lateral branch growth, and not managing other redundant branches; in winter, the middle and large branches are retracted, the middle and upper over-dense branches and cross branches are thinned, and the whole tree branches are arranged to be thinned at the upper part and thinned at the lower part, and are thinned at the outer part and densely arranged at the inner part.

(10) High yield management: spraying a mixed solution of 0.2% of borax and 0.2% of monopotassium phosphate in the flowering phase, improving the fruit setting rate, and trimming weak branches and dense branches in the flowering phase; thinning fruits 3 weeks after fruit setting, reserving 1 fruit on each 5cm branch, and controlling the crown while ensuring the fruit quality.

(11) Management of a dormant period: for young trees with weak growth, the overwintering and cold protection are carried out by adopting wrapped-stem soil-burying, the trunk is wrapped by a straw mat, and then the soil is buried to a position 15cm above a grafting opening by taking the trunk as a center.

In order to show the effect of the apricot plum direct seeding garden building technology, five varieties of apricot plums, namely dinosaur eggs, flavored roses, tasty emperors, thick flavors and tasty apricots, are planted according to the apricot plum direct seeding garden building technology, and the obtained fruits are tested, and the results are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 results of various index tests on fruits

Detecting items	Dinosaur egg	Flavored rose	Weidi (Chinese character of' Weidi	Has thick taste	Sweet and fragrant smell
						Average weight per gram of single fruit	34.58	54.65	60.51	56.85	58.53
Longitudinal diameter/cm	4.34	2.58	2.87	2.63	2.65
						Transverse diameter/cm	4.08	6.72	6.83	6.48	6.52
Soluble protein/%	13.21	15.23	11.61	15.02	13.95
						Total acid/g/100 g	0.76	0.35	0.48	0.32	0.58
VC/mg/100g	81.56	84.44	88.45	85.59	80.38
						Soluble solids/%	16.7	15.2	14.7	15.1	14.3
Water content/%)	85	85	86	84	83
						Soluble sugar/%	15.86	17.83	15.51	16.46	14.44
Glucose/g/100 g	7.61	8.03	7.59	8.57	8.32
						Fructose/g/100	8.25	9.84	8.92	10.89	8.44
Sweetness/degree	19.76	20.05	19.17	20.06	18.97
						Yield per unit area/kg	3200	2850	2900	3050	2890

Results and conclusions:

the data results in the table 1 show that the Prunus humilis Bunge fruits obtained by the Prunus humilis Bunge direct seeding orchard establishment technology have excellent effects in all indexes.

The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims (7)

1. A method for building a garden by directly seeding apricot plums in an oasis-desert transition zone is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) seed collection: collecting wild peach seeds in the last 10 th ten days, airing and collecting to obtain seeds for sowing;

(2) seed treatment before sowing: accelerating germination of the seeds for sowing obtained in the step (1), and when the seeds for sowing are opened, obtaining opened seeds, and sowing; the germination accelerating treatment mode is as follows: carrying out germination acceleration treatment on seeds for sowing at the temperature of 15-20 ℃ for 8-10 days, and spraying sand with 600 times of carbendazim water solution before carrying out sand storage germination acceleration treatment;

(3) land preparation: applying base fertilizer before sowing, deeply ploughing, deeply loosening and rotary tillage, then digging soil and sealing, and finally leveling the land;

(4) sowing and laminating: preparing for seeding in 3 months in the 2 nd year, sequentially paving a film, pulling a drip tape, seeding the open seeds obtained in the step (2) and pressing the film, and dripping seedling water after seeding;

(5) seedling management: spraying a rooting and seedling strengthening agent and a leaf fertilizer after the seedlings come out of the soil in the last 4 th month of the 2 nd year; in the last 5 th ten days of the year 2, applying drip irrigation fertilizer to the seedlings along with water; controlling water in the last 8 th month of the 2 nd year, and stopping watering; water drops in 9 middle of month in 2 nd year; no water drops in 10 months in the 2 nd year; dripping the winter water before the winter from 11 th to 12 th of the last month in the 2 nd year; wherein, when the seedling grows to 14-16 cm, a rooting and seedling strengthening agent and a foliar fertilizer are sprayed for 3 times in 7-10 days; during 6-8 months in the 2 nd year, when the height of seedling is 30-40 cm, adopting mechanical intertillage for weeding, and intertillage for 1 time per month;

(6) grafting: grafting when the ground diameter of the wild peach seedlings reaches 0.4-0.6 cm in 7 months in the 2 nd year, carrying out hard bud grafting on the good apricot plum scions collected in advance by taking the wild peaches as stocks, and carrying out normal water and fertilizer management after bud grafting to obtain grafted apricot plum seedlings;

(7) and (3) grafted seedling management: transplanting the grafted apricot plum seedlings obtained in the step (6) in autumn, applying a base fertilizer into transplanting pits in a field, and implanting the grafted apricot plum seedlings;

(8) and (3) water and fertilizer management after transplanting: wherein the watering management comprises: watering after grafting the apricot plum seedlings, sealing and freezing, and watering in 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 months in 3 rd year; stopping watering for 1 month after 8 middle ten days of the 3 rd year; irrigating winter in 11 months of 3 year, and sealing; wherein the fertilization management is as follows: applying decomposed organic fertilizer to the root of the Prunus salicina seedling every other one year in autumn after transplanting, and performing drip application of urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate to the Prunus salicina seedling 4 and 6 months per year after transplanting;

(9) shaping and trimming: pruning the grafted apricot plum seedlings in the 3 rd year, and bud carving and pinching in spring; retracting middle and large branches in winter, wherein the whole branches of the tree body are distributed to be sparse at the upper part and dense at the lower part, sparse at the outer part and dense at the inner part;

(10) high yield management: spraying a mixed solution of borax and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in a flowering period to improve the fruit setting rate; thinning fruits after fruit setting, and controlling crowns and simultaneously ensuring the quality of the fruits;

(11) management of a dormant period: for young trees with weak growth, the method adopts the dry wrapping and soil burying for overwintering and cold protection, the trunk is wrapped by a straw mat, and then the soil is buried to a grafting opening by taking the trunk as the center.

2. The direct seeding garden building method for the oasis-desert transition zone plums according to the claim 1, characterized in that in the step (3), the base fertilizer is applied as follows: and uniformly stirring 90-110 kg/mu of organic fertilizer and 25-35 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate, and then spreading.

3. The method for direct seeding of plums on oasis-desert transition zones as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (3), after soil is closed, 100-120 g/mu of didymus is diluted with water by 400-420 times, and after spraying, the land is leveled.

4. The direct seeding garden building method for the oasis-desert transition zone plums according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the seeding is performed according to a row spacing of 5.5-6.5 m and a hole spacing of 0.4-0.6 m, and 1-3 seeds for seeding are sowed in each hole.

5. The direct seeding garden building method for the oasis-desert transition zone plums according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step (8), water is poured every 10-12 d every 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 months in 3 rd year; and (4) digging 20 cm-30 cm holes at a position 18-22 cm away from the roots of the Prunus humilis seedlings every other year in autumn after transplanting, and applying 180-220 g of decomposed organic fertilizer in each hole.

6. The direct seeding garden building method for the oasis-desert transition zone apricots and plums according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step (9), buds are carved in spring to promote lateral branches to sprout, when the lateral branches grow to 30-40 cm, 3-6 main branches are selected to extend at an opening angle of 43-47 degrees and are spaced 13-17 cm up and down, and the lateral branches are pinched at 38-42 cm to promote lateral branches to sprout.

7. The direct seeding garden building method for the oasis-desert transition zone plums according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step (10), mixed solution of 0.2% borax and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed during the flowering phase; and (4) thinning fruits 2-3 weeks after fruit setting, and reserving 1 fruit on each 5cm of fruit branches.