CN105340590B

CN105340590B - Single-end bridging method for diseased bergamot pear trees

Info

Publication number: CN105340590B
Application number: CN201510871883.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郭铁群; 楚元新
Original assignee: Xinjiang Top Agriculture Co Ltd
Current assignee: Xinjiang Top Agriculture Co Ltd
Priority date: 2015-12-03
Filing date: 2015-12-03
Publication date: 2019-12-13
Anticipated expiration: 2035-12-03
Also published as: CN105340590A

Abstract

the invention relates to a single-end bridging method for a diseased bergamot pear tree, belonging to the field of bergamot pear tree bridging. The method comprises the following steps: (1) selecting a bridge tree; (2) bridge preparation: treating wounds, collecting scions, and selecting bridging time and position; (3) and (3) punching grafting: a wedge-shaped interface is chiseled at the grafting part, the wedge-shaped interface is deep into the wood part by 0.5-1 cm, the width of the wedge-shaped interface is matched with the sprouts, the wedge-shaped interface is cut along the edge, the sprouts are cut more than 5-10 cm higher than the interface, the end parts of the wedge-shaped interface are cut into a wedge shape, the wedge-shaped interface is smooth and flat, and the wedge-shaped interface is inserted into the interface at an angle of 15-; or embedded grafting: cutting a groove with the length of 2-3 cm and the width matched with the sprout at the position above the scab, penetrating into the xylem for 3-5 mm, and embedding the wedge-shaped cut surface of the sprout; the interface is tightly packed to be airtight, so as to ensure the wetting; (4) applying a protective agent without touching the scions; (5) removing the film after healing. The single-end bridging technology of the bergamot pear tree has the advantages that the survival rate is up to 95 percent, the fruit setting rate, the fruit quality, the disease resistance and the survival period are improved, and the method is suitable for popularization.

Description

Single-end bridging method for diseased bergamot pear trees

Technical Field

the invention belongs to the field of disease control of bergamot pear trees, and particularly relates to a single-end bridging method of a disease bergamot pear tree aiming at Korla bergamot pear.

background

Since 2007, the Korla pear industry in Xinjiang has rapidly developed, 2-3 million tons are exported every year in recent years, about 3 million dollars are created every year, products are exported to more than 20 countries and regions such as America, Canada, Australia and southeast Asia, and the Korla pear is reputable to the sea and the outside.

However, the Korla pear industry has a problem that natural disasters frequently occur in development. The low-temperature freezing damage often threatens the production of the Korla bergamot pears, and the Korla bergamot pears are severely frozen from winter to 2003 spring in 2002, so that the production reduction of the Korla bergamot pears reaches 40% in the current year, and the economic loss is huge. Heavy snow falls in 1 month in 2008, which causes that the Korla pears are heavily frozen, the young trees, the early-stage trees, the full-stage trees suffer from different degrees of freezing injury on the trunk branches and the flower buds, and the freezing injury area reaches 2 kilohm². The strong weather process of snowfall and great cooling appears in the whole city from 12 late months in 2010 to 1 month in 2011, and the bergamot pear trees in the whole city suffer from serious freeze injury, so that the loss is extremely serious, and the yield is reduced by 78% compared with the yield in the last year. Several freezing injuries cause that a large area of fragrant pear trees in a plurality of orchards die, seriously cause garden damage and cause serious economic loss for vast fruit growers. Particularly, in the south Xinjiang in recent years, low-temperature freeze injury frequently occurs in winter, so that a large number of bergamot pear trees are damaged, a plurality of pear gardens are incomplete, the bergamot pear trees are opened and damaged, branches are few in dry, and the production capacity is reduced or even lost. Therefore, the freeze injury of the bergamot pears is one of the major bottleneck factors for restricting the healthy and continuous development of the bergamot pears.

In addition, the bergamot pear trees are easy to generate rotten diseases due to poor soil, water and fertilizer shortage, insect damage, improper management and the like, particularly, wounds caused by natural cracks or frost damage and insect pests exist at the trunk parts and the main branch branches, after the rotten pear trees are infected by the rotten germs, large bark is often damaged and flowed, ulcerated and necrotic tissues or dry shrinkage and pit necrosis are often caused, cortex dredging tissues are cut off, nutrient transmission at the upper parts and the lower parts of scabs is blocked, the mild pears are weak, and when the bark necrosis surrounds the branches for a circle, the diseased branches or the diseased trees die integrally, so that the bergamot pear trees are fatal diseases on the bergamot pear trees.

the method is characterized in that when the wound area caused by scabs or freezing injury of the bergamot pear trees is large, self calluses of the bergamot pear trees are difficult to recover, the current solution is to bridge the bergamot pear trees and re-link the conducting tissues at the two ends of the scabs, so that nutrients are dredged, the tree vigor is recovered, and the loss of dead branches and damaged trees of the bergamot pear trees caused by disasters can be reduced or recovered.

The existing fruit tree bridging technology is less disclosed in documents, and is mainly carried out by utilizing diseased tree sprouts or scions of the same tree species, and the upper part and the lower part of a scab link are crossed by a bridging method to restore nutrition dispersion; or using free branches of the tree (leaving the parent), adopting a double-end grafting mode to carry out double-end bridging, cutting two ends of the scion into wedge-shaped sections, inserting the wedge-shaped sections into T-shaped cuts above and below the scab, and fixing the wedge-shaped sections by using small nails. The bridging technology is mainly used for repairing apple trees, rare ancient trees and evergreen fruit trees in the south.

Patent document 200910175455 discloses a method for single-end bridging of a pear tree planted around a bergamot pear tree, which is a method for single-end bridging of a successfully transplanted birch pear stock at multiple sides of a trunk 50-70 cm away from the ground surface in the growing season of the bergamot pear tree. The method needs to plant the birch pear seedlings, and has large workload and complex operation flow.

the prior art also has the following technical defects:

1. the existing bergamot pear tree bridging technology is mostly applied to apples and common bergamot pear trees, bridging technical information aiming at the Korla bergamot pears is lacked, and fruit growers do not have proper technical parameters when using the bridging technology in bergamot pear production, so that the bridging survival rate is low due to nonstandard operation and unscientific parameters.

2. When the existing fragrant pear tree bridging technology is applied to fragrant pear trees, birch pear seedlings need to be planted for at least 1-2 years, the workload is large, and the operation flow is too complex.

3. When the bridging is implemented, the natural tension of the scion influences the healing survival of the interface, the conventional fragrant pear tree bridging technology is characterized in that the interface is fixed by a small nail and then tightly bound by a plastic tape, the small nail is difficult to fix and operate, the small nail damages the scion, and the healing effect of the interface is influenced.

in conclusion, the development of the bergamot pear industry urgently needs a set of bridging method suitable for bergamot pear trees, which is used for solving the problems existing in the existing bridging technology and solving the problem that the bergamot pear trees are frozen and rotten to cause serious loss.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the existing bergamot pear tree production technology, the single-end bridging method of the diseased bergamot pear tree suitable for the Korla bergamot pear is obtained by repeatedly researching and practicing, exploring a standard operation flow and optimizing related technical parameters.

The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:

A single-end bridging method for a disease bergamot pear tree comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting a bridging object: selecting an injured fragrant pear tree which has wounds of more than 1/3 of the trunk circumference, such as scar necrotic parts, frozen parts, mechanical or natural cracks and the like within 150cm of the trunk from the ground, has no sprout or does not meet the grafting requirement of the sprout at the base (namely a pear stock), and taking the injured fragrant pear tree as a bridging object;

(2) bridge preparation:

(a) Treating a diseased tree wound: the dead skin at the wound is cut off, scraped and smeared with humic acid bactericide, and the step is carried out more than 1 time per year;

(b) Culturing bridge sprout: the length of the sprout is long until the grafting part exceeds the height of the wound, the diameter of the grafting part reaches 0.5 cm-1 cm, and the sprout is used as a scion for bridging;

(c) Selecting a bridging time: selecting the period of tree sap activity and cortex separation in the spring of the year generated by the wound of the bergamot pear tree until the flowering of the bergamot pear;

(d) selecting a grafting position, namely selecting a healthy bark position on the upper edge of a wound as an upper grafting port position, and selecting a healthy bark position of a pear rootstock on the lower part of the wound and opposite to the upper grafting port position as a lower grafting port position;

(3) and (3) implementation of grafting operation: the sharp knife is used for operation, the incision is required to be smooth and flat, the whole grafting operation process is controlled to be completed within 10 minutes, and the steps are as follows:

(a) grafting by adopting a punching grafting method (which is mainly used for central stem grafting): an oblique wedge-shaped interface is chiseled on a selected grafting position on a central stem, the depth reaches 0.5 cm-1 cm of a xylem, the length is 2.0 cm-2.5 cm, the width is matched with a sprout tiller interface, bark at a side opening is cut to be neat, a sprout tiller slightly longer than the interface is cut by about 5 cm-10 cm, the cutting opening is cut to be neat, the end part is cut into a corresponding wedge shape, and the wedge-shaped interface is inserted into the interface at an angle of 15-30 degrees, so that the scion is fixed in an arc shape and does not shake;

Or

adopting embedded grafting (mainly used for main branch grafting): selecting a part which is suitable for the lateral surface of the main branch and against which the sprouts are attached on the upper part of the main branch scab, cutting the bark into a rectangular notch groove, wherein the width is equal to the diameter of the scion, the length is 2.0 cm-3.0 cm, the notch groove extends into the xylem by 3 mm-5 mm, embedding the sprouts with the bark and part of the xylem at the corresponding part, and the upper part of the sprout is not cut off if the upper part of the sprout can be used, or is cut off after the joint is healed if the upper part of the sprout is not used;

(b) Tightly wrapping the interface with a plastic film to be airtight, keeping the interface wet, and preventing the scion from displacing or dislocating the interface when the film is wrapped;

(4) After bridging, spraying a protective agent for preventing diseases and pests at the interface, and adopting conventional protective measures to prevent scion displacement or interface dislocation caused by touch;

(5) removing the plastic film for grafting after the connector is healed;

and (5) carrying out the steps (3) to (5) sequentially for 1 time or for multiple times in a circulating manner.

The method uses the birch sprout grown on the base part of the bergamot pear tree (birch stock) as the scion to implement single-end bridging, has strong affinity with the bergamot pear tree, has no resistance reaction, and has stronger growth vigor, adaptability and stress resistance than the bergamot pear tree cultivated by the conventional method in a bergamot pear standard system.

During grafting operation, the connector is chiseled into a wedge shape which goes deep into the xylem, so that the scion is inserted into the connector in an arched shape, the scion can be fixed, tension is cleared up, the scion and the stock are tightly combined, the contact surface is large, the connector healing is facilitated, and the bridging success rate of the bergamot pear tree is high.

the method can be carried out throughout the year according to the actual condition that the pear tree has diseases.

The single-end bridging method for the diseased bergamot pear tree further comprises the following optimization or/and improvement:

In one preferred embodiment, the bridging time in step (2) (c) is selected from the period of pear bud germination expansion during which sap activity and cortex are separable in spring every year.

In a second preferred embodiment, step (a) in step (2) is performed 2 to 5 times per year.

Preferably, after the step (5) is completed, the step (6) is performed: the scion is secured to prevent wind or touch damage to the healing portion of the interface.

The fourth preferred scheme is as follows: after the step (6) of the third preferred embodiment is completed, the step (7) is carried out: and if the scion survives, removing the sprouts at the periphery of the scion.

the technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the survival rate of the bergamot pear trees is high. The long inclined plane is easy to cling to the trunk because of the smooth inclined plane, the cambium of the scion inclined plane is easy to cling to the cambium of the trunk bark, and the callus forming parts of the interfaces are more, so that the survival rate of the bridge connection of the bergamot pear trees is obviously improved and can reach more than 95%.

2. The yield of bergamot pears, the quality of the bergamot pears and the disease resistance are improved. The bridging technology of the invention can enable the scion and the fragrant pear tree to quickly heal the interface, increase the nutrient supplied by the root, quickly thicken the scion and restore the tree vigor, thereby improving the achievement rate and the fruit quality of the fragrant pear tree, enhancing the disease resistance of the fragrant pear tree and prolonging the survival life.

3. The invention is simple and easy to learn and operate. The aims of rebuilding the pear orchard and rescuing trees for one life are achieved for the heavy orchard.

4. Standardizes the bergamot pear tree bridging technology. The method defines the operation flow and the technical requirements of the single-end bridge technology of the bergamot pear tree for the first time, forms the standard bergamot pear tree bridge technology, and can be widely popularized and applied in the Xinjiang bergamot pear producing area.

In a three-field fragrant pear garden in a Kuerchu gardening field in Kuerle City, the inventor implements a fragrant pear bridging technology demonstration, and verified results are obtained through 7-year production practice, annual average yield is increased by 15%, rot is reduced, and severe freezing injury does not occur any more.

the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.

Detailed Description

in order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following examples.

example 1: a single-end bridging method for a disease bergamot pear tree comprises the following steps:

(2) Bridge preparation:

(a) Treating a diseased tree wound: cutting off dead skin at the wound, scraping, and smearing humic acid bactericide for treatment, wherein the step is carried out for more than 1-3 times per year;

(d) selecting a grafting position: selecting a healthy bark on the upper edge of a wound as an upper grafting opening position, and selecting a healthy bark of a birchleaf pear rootstock on the lower part of the wound and opposite to the upper grafting opening position as a lower grafting opening position;

Or

(5) Removing the plastic film for grafting after the connector is healed;

since the conventional protection measures adopted in the invention are known technologies, the ordinary skilled person in the art can realize the protection by combining the actual situation without creative labor.

the survival rate of the bergamot pear tree bridging in the embodiment is remarkably improved by 95%, and the bergamot pear tree bridging is favored and positively responded by bergamot pear farmers.

Example 2: the optimization or/and improvement provided by the present invention is further described below in connection with example 1:

For the diseased bergamot pear trees with serious wounds on the trunk, the step (a) in the step (2) is implemented for 3-5 times in the same year, so that the condition of the wounds is thoroughly controlled;

and (3) cultivating 2-3 tillers meeting the requirements in the step (2), and circularly implementing the corresponding steps (3) to (5) for 2-3 times in sequence to finish single-head grafting of the tillers.

in the step (2), (c) selects the pear bud germination expanding period with the bridging time being in the period of tree sap activity and cortex separable in spring every year.

after step (5) is completed, performing step (6): the scion is secured to prevent wind or touch damage to the healing portion of the interface.

after step (6) is completed, performing step (7): and if the scion survives, removing the sprouts at the periphery of the scion.

the method is mainly applied to the pear orchards with serious diseases, the survival rate of pear tree bridging is remarkably improved to 98 percent, a batch of serious-disaster orchards are saved, and the method receives positive approval from pear farmers.

It should be understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments adopted to illustrate the principle of the present invention, however, the present invention is not limited thereto, and specific embodiments may be determined according to the technical solutions and practical situations of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and substance of the invention, and such modifications and improvements added thereto are considered to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. a single-end bridging method for a diseased bergamot pear tree is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) selecting a bridging object: selecting an injured fragrant pear tree with a lesion necrotic part, a frozen part and a mechanical or natural split within 150cm of the trunk from the ground, wherein the area of the scar necrotic part, the frozen part and the mechanical or natural split exceeds 1/3 of the trunk circumference, and the base part, namely a birch stock, grows out of sprouts to serve as a bridging object;

(2) Bridge preparation:

(d) Selecting a grafting position: selecting a healthy bark position on the upper edge of the wound as an upper grafting port position;

(a) grafting by adopting a punching grafting method: an oblique wedge-shaped interface is chiseled on a selected grafting position on a central stem, the depth reaches 0.5 cm-1 cm of a xylem, the length is 2.0 cm-2.5 cm, the width is matched with a sprout tiller interface, bark at a side opening is cut to be neat, a sprout tiller is slightly longer than the interface by 5 cm-10 cm and is cut to be neat, the end part is cut into a corresponding wedge shape, and the wedge-shaped interface is inserted into the interface at a corner of 15-30 degrees, so that the scion is fixed in an arc shape and does not shake;

Or

Adopting embedded grafting: selecting a part which is suitable for the lateral surface of the main branch and against which the sprouts are attached on the upper part of the main branch scab, cutting the bark into a rectangular notch groove, wherein the width is equal to the diameter of the scion, the length is 2.0 cm-3.0 cm, the notch groove extends into the xylem by 3 mm-5 mm, embedding the sprouts with the bark and part of the xylem at the corresponding part, and the upper part of the sprout is not cut off if the upper part of the sprout can be used, or is cut off after the joint is healed if the upper part of the sprout is not used;

(5) Removing the plastic film for grafting after the connector is healed;

2. the single-end bridging method for the diseased fragrant pear tree according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (c) in the step (2), selecting a pear bud germination expansion period in which the bridging time is the period of tree sap activity and cortex separable in spring every year.

3. The single-end bridging method for the diseased fragrant pear tree according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (2), the step (a) is implemented for 2-5 times per year.

4. The single-end bridging method for the diseased fragrant pear tree according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: after the step (5) is completed, performing a step (6): the scion is secured to prevent wind or touch damage to the healing portion of the interface.

5. the single-end bridging method for the diseased fragrant pear tree according to claim 4, which is characterized in that: after completion of said step (6), performing step (7): and if the scion survives, removing the sprouts at the periphery of the scion.