CN107278625B - Method for grafting prunus humilis on apricot tree stock in high position - Google Patents
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- CN107278625B CN107278625B CN201610192969.2A CN201610192969A CN107278625B CN 107278625 B CN107278625 B CN 107278625B CN 201610192969 A CN201610192969 A CN 201610192969A CN 107278625 B CN107278625 B CN 107278625B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for grafting Prunus humilis Bunge on an apricot tree stock at a high position. The method of the invention comprises the following steps: and inserting the cerasus humilis scion with the buds into the split opening of the apricot tree stock to realize grafting of the cerasus humilis. The grafting of the apricot tree and the cerasus humilis improves the ventilation and light transmission, the quality and the yield of the cerasus humilis, reduces the plant diseases and insect pests, and provides a basis for realizing the vigorous cultivation of the cerasus humilis.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for grafting Prunus humilis Bunge on an apricot tree stock at a high position, and belongs to the technical field of agriculture.
Background
Cerasus humilis (Bge) Sok) is small shrub of Rosaceae, Prunus, with average height of 0.5m, spherical, yellow, red or purple, diameter of 1.5cm, delicious taste, unique taste, and long shelf life, and Vc content in pulp is 590mg/kg, which is much higher than fruits such as apple, strawberry, grape, etc.; the content of Ca element reaches 500-900 mg/kg, and the Ca element has the highest content in various fruits, so the Ca element has the reputation of calcium fruit. The Prunus humilis Bunge kernel can be used as a medicine, and the traditional Chinese medicine is called as the "bunge cherry seed". The Prunus humilis Bunge fruit can be eaten fresh, and can be used for preparing series products such as preserved fruit, fruit juice, fruit wine and can, and can be used for extracting edible pigment. The Prunus humilis Bunge fruit has strong special fragrance, and can be processed into perfume.
Apricot (Armeniaca vulgaris Lam.) is a small deciduous tree of Prunus of Rosaceae, one of the most barren-resistant and most adaptable tree species in northern deciduous fruit trees in China, and has long cultivation history and wide planting area. Compared with most fruit tree species, the apricot tree has a deep and wide root system, and the thick cuticle of the leaves ensures that the apricot has strong drought resistance and strong cold resistance, and can resist low temperature below-30 ℃ in the dormancy stage.
Since the cerasus humilis is in a wild state for a long time, China starts an artificial introduction and cultivation test after 90 years of the last century. The existing cultivation mode is original cluster cultivation, branches and leaves are dense, ventilation and light transmission are poor, quality is poor, yield is low, and plant diseases and insect pests are serious.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a grafting method of cerasus humilis.
The grafting method of the cerasus humilis is to graft the cerasus humilis on the apricot tree stock.
The method comprises the following steps: grafting the Prunus humilis scion on the stem of the apricot tree stock to realize grafting of the Prunus humilis;
the branches of the apricot tree stocks are main branches of the apricot tree stocks;
the cerasus humilis scion is a cerasus humilis branch;
the cerasus humilis branches have at least two buds.
In the above-mentioned method, the first step of the method,
the height of the trunk of the apricot tree stock is 50-100 cm; the trunk diameter of the apricot tree stock is 5-10 cm;
the number of main branches of the apricot tree stock is 2-5; the thickness of the main branch of the apricot tree stock is 1-5 cm;
the length of the cerasus humilis branches is 5-8 cm; the thickness of the cerasus humilis branches is 0.5-1 cm.
In the above-mentioned method, the first step of the method,
the height of the trunk of the apricot tree stock is 80 cm; the trunk diameter of the apricot tree stock is 8 cm;
the number of main branches of the apricot tree stock is 3; the thickness of the main branch of the apricot tree stock is 1cm or 3 cm;
the length of the cerasus humilis branches is 6 cm; the thickness of the cerasus humilis branches is 0.5cm or 1 cm;
the cerasus humilis branches have two buds. The cerasus humilis branches are collected in winter of the current year (12 months), and the grafting time is spring of the next year (3 months-4 months). The original moisture and vitality of the cerasus humilis branches are kept after collection, and the specific preservation method can be as follows: and (3) quickly immersing the cut of the pruned prune branches into liquid paraffin with the depth of 2cm, quickly taking out, cooling, and layering the cooled prune branches in river sand (the particle size is 0.5mm, the temperature is 5 ℃, the humidity is kept at RH (60%) (horizontal direction), wherein the thickness of the river sand between layers is 10 cm.
The method comprises the following steps (1) or (2):
(1) if the thickness of the cerasus humilis branches is consistent with that of main branches of the apricot tree stocks, the cerasus humilis branches are inserted into the gaps in the middles of the apricot tree stocks, and the cut surfaces of the cerasus humilis branches are tightly matched with the gaps of the apricot tree stocks;
(2) if the thickness of the cerasus humilis branches is smaller than that of main branches of the apricot tree stocks, the cerasus humilis branches are inserted into the split openings on one sides of the apricot tree stocks, and cambiums on two sides of the cut surfaces of the cerasus humilis branches are tightly matched with cambiums on two sides of the apricot tree stock split openings.
In the above-mentioned method, the first step of the method,
the length of the cut surface of the cerasus humilis branches is 2-3 cm;
the depth of the split opening is 3-5 cm;
in the above-mentioned method, the first step of the method,
the length of the cut surface of the cerasus humilis branch is 2 cm;
the depth of the split opening is 4 cm;
in the above-mentioned method, the first step of the method,
the method also comprises a sealing step after the Prunus humilis Bunge is grafted by the apricot tree stock;
the sealing is to wrap the grafting part by a strip-shaped plastic film with the width of 2-3 cm.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a novel use of the above method.
The invention provides application of the method in the vigorous culture of cerasus humilis.
The last purpose of the invention is to provide a propagation method of the cerasus humilis grafted seedlings.
The propagation method of the cerasus humilis grafted seedlings provided by the invention comprises the step A.
The invention discloses a method for grafting Prunus humilis Bunge on a stock of an apricot tree at a high position, which successfully realizes the grafting of the apricot tree and the Prunus humilis Bunge, and the survival rate of the Prunus humilis Bunge reaches 100%. The grafting of the apricot tree and the cerasus humilis improves the ventilation and light transmission, the quality and the yield of the cerasus humilis, reduces the plant diseases and insect pests, and provides a basis for realizing the vigorous cultivation of the cerasus humilis.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows grafting under the condition that the thickness of an cerasus humilis branch is consistent with that of a stock.
FIG. 2 shows grafting of cerasus humilis branches when the thickness of the cerasus humilis branches is smaller than that of the stocks.
FIG. 3 shows that the scion survives after grafting and has grown new shoots.
Fig. 4 shows the continued growth of shoots.
Fig. 5 shows that the branches survived by grafting bloom in the next year.
FIG. 6 shows the fruiting of the grafted branches in the second year.
Fig. 7 shows that the grafted branches survived and grow out and the fruits ripen in the next year.
Detailed Description
The experimental procedures used in the following examples are all conventional procedures unless otherwise specified.
Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
The cerasus humilis variety in the following examples is Nongda California No. 4, and the apricot variety is Jintaiyang.
Example 1 method for grafting Prunus humilis on apricot tree stock at high position
Selection and pre-grafting management of apricot tree bricks
1. Selection of apricot rootstock
(1) The height of the main stem of the apricot tree stock is 80cm, and the trunk diameter is 8 cm.
(2) The number of the main branches of the apricot tree stocks is 3, and the thickness of the main branches is 1 cm.
(3) The main trunk and the main branch of the apricot tree stock have no plant diseases and insect pests.
2. Early management of apricot tree stocks
(1) Disease and pest control is well carried out one year before apricot tree stock grafting.
(2) And (4) completely irrigating winter water in autumn before grafting the apricot tree stock.
Selection and collection of cerasus humilis scions
1. Selection of Prunus humilis scions
(1) The length of the collected cerasus humilis branches is 50cm, and the thickness of the collected cerasus humilis branches is 1 cm.
(2) All branches of the mother tree of the collected cerasus humilis branches have no plant diseases and insect pests.
(3) The time for collecting the cerasus humilis branches is after the fallen leaves are fully dormant in winter.
2. Collection and storage of Prunus humilis branches
(1) Time of acquisition
The acquisition time of the invention is 12 months and 15 days in 2012, and the acquisition place is Shanxi province and Jincony city.
(2) Collection method
A. And (3) cutting the cerasus humilis branches meeting the condition 1 in the second step from the roots by using pruning shears, wherein the cut is flat.
B. And heating and melting the solid paraffin, quickly immersing the cut of the scion branch cut into the liquid paraffin with the depth of 2cm, quickly taking out, and cooling.
C. River sand (with the grain diameter of 0.5mm, purchased from the building material market) is placed in a low-temperature environment (5 ℃), the humidity is kept at 60 percent, and cooled scion branches are placed in the river sand in layers (in the horizontal direction), wherein the thickness of the river sand between the layers is 10 cm. When the scion branch is grafted in the spring of the next year, the scion still keeps the original moisture and vitality.
Third, grafting
1. Selection of grafting time
The grafting time needs to be judged according to the phenological period of the local calendar year of the grafting place, and is 10 days before the local apricot tree sprouts. And attention is paid to avoid raining and windy weather above grade 6.
The grafting time is 3 months and 27 days in 2013, and the grafting place is Chang Ping district in Beijing City.
2. Grafting operation method
(1) Grafting tool treatment
The handsaw and the cleaver were sharpened beforehand.
(2) Apricot tree stock treatment
And (3) sawing off the selected main branches of the apricot tree stocks meeting the conditions by 15cm, wherein the saw cuts are flat and avoid the positions with the side branches.
(4) Scion treatment
Scions with 2 buds and 6cm long were cut from the harvested prune shoots.
(5) Grafting
The cutting edge of the cleaver is placed in the middle of the sawing opening of the stock and is slowly cleft downwards, and the depth of the cleaver reaches 4 cm. The lower part of the scion is cut into a wedge shape, and the lower part of the scion is provided with two symmetrical cut surfaces, and the length of each cut surface is 2 cm. And (3) prying the splitting opening of the main branch by using a cleft grafting knife, and inserting the cut scion into the splitting opening to ensure that the cut surface of the cerasus humilis branch is tightly matched with the splitting opening of the apricot tree stock. The grafting site was tightly wrapped with a plastic strip film having a width of 2cm (as shown in FIG. 1).
Fourth, management after grafting
After grafting, the rootstock tree is watered thoroughly and the disease and insect pest control is noticed, after 15 days, the buds on the scions germinate and grow leaves, and the new shoots grown from the scions are shown in figures 3 and 4. And 5, 6 and 7 are pictures of flowering, fruiting and fruit ripening of branches survived by grafting in the next year respectively. The survival rate of cerasus humilis reaches 100 percent. The method for grafting prunus humilis on the apricot tree stock is feasible.
Example 2 method for grafting Prunus humilis on apricot tree stock at high position
Selection and pre-grafting management of apricot tree bricks
1. Selection of apricot rootstock
(1) The height of the main stem of the apricot tree stock is 80cm, and the trunk diameter is 8 cm.
(2) The number of the main branches of the apricot tree stocks is 3, and the thickness of the main branches is 3 cm.
(3) The main trunk and the main branch of the apricot tree stock have no plant diseases and insect pests.
2. Early management of apricot tree stocks
(1) Disease and pest control is well carried out one year before apricot tree stock grafting.
(2) And (4) completely irrigating winter water in autumn before grafting the apricot tree stock.
Selection and collection of cerasus humilis scions
1. Prunus humilis scion selection
(1) The length of the collected cerasus humilis branches is 50cm, and the thickness is 0.5 cm.
(2) All branches of the mother tree of the collected cerasus humilis branches have no plant diseases and insect pests.
(3) The time for collecting the cerasus humilis branches is after the fallen leaves are fully dormant in winter.
2. Collection and storage of Prunus humilis branches
(1) Time of acquisition
The acquisition time of the invention is 12 months and 15 days in 2012, and the acquisition place is Shanxi province and Jincony city.
(2) Collection method
A. And (3) cutting the cerasus humilis branches meeting the condition 1 in the second step from the roots by using pruning shears, wherein the cut is flat.
B. Heating and melting solid paraffin, rapidly immersing the cut of the pruned prune branch into liquid paraffin with the depth of 2cm, rapidly taking out, and cooling.
C. River sand (with a particle size of 0.5mm, purchased from the building material market) is placed in a low-temperature environment (5 ℃) with the humidity kept at 60%, and the cooled prunus humilis branches are placed in the river sand in layers (horizontal direction), wherein the thickness of the river sand between the layers is 10 cm. When the cerasus humilis branches are grafted in the spring of the next year, the scions still keep the original moisture and vitality.
Third, grafting
1. Selection of grafting time
The grafting time needs to be judged 10 days before the local apricot tree sprouts according to the phenological period of the local calendar year of the grafting place. And attention is paid to avoid raining and windy weather above grade 6.
The grafting time is 3 months and 27 days in 2013, and the grafting place is Chang Ping district in Beijing City.
2. Grafting operation method
(1) Grafting tool treatment
The handsaw and the cleaver were sharpened beforehand.
(2) Apricot tree stock treatment
And (3) sawing off the selected main branches of the apricot tree stocks meeting the conditions by 15cm, wherein the saw cuts are flat and avoid the positions with the side branches.
(4) Scion treatment
Scions with 2 buds and 6cm long were cut from the harvested prune shoots.
(5) Grafting
And (3) downwards cutting the bark on one side of the stock by 1cm by using a cleft grafting knife to form a cleft opening, wherein the depth of the cleft opening is 4 cm. The lower part of the scion is cut into a wedge shape, and the lower part of the scion is provided with two symmetrical cut surfaces, and the length of each cut surface is 2 cm. And inserting the cut scion into the split opening to ensure that cambiums on two sides of the scion bevel are closely matched with cambiums on two sides of the stock bark split opening. The grafting site was sealed by wrapping with a strip of plastic film having a width of 2cm (as shown in FIG. 2).
Fourth, management after grafting
After grafting, the rootstock tree is watered thoroughly and the disease and insect pest control is noticed, after 15 days, the buds on the scions germinate and grow leaves, and the new shoots grown from the scions are shown in figures 3 and 4. And 5, 6 and 7 are pictures of flowering, fruiting and fruit ripening of branches survived by grafting in the next year respectively. The survival rate of cerasus humilis reaches 100 percent. The method for grafting prunus humilis on the apricot tree stock is feasible.
Claims (7)
1. A grafting method of Prunus humilis Bunge comprises grafting Prunus humilis Bunge with apricot tree stock;
the method comprises the following steps: grafting the Prunus humilis scion to the branches of the apricot tree stock;
the branches of the apricot tree stocks are main branches of the apricot tree stocks;
the cerasus humilis scion is a cerasus humilis branch;
the cerasus humilis branches have at least two buds;
the height of the trunk of the apricot tree stock is 50-100 cm; the trunk diameter of the apricot tree stock is 5-10 cm;
the number of main branches of the apricot tree stock is 2-5; the thickness of the main branch of the apricot tree stock is 1-5 cm;
the length of the cerasus humilis branches is 5-8 cm; the thickness of the cerasus humilis branches is 0.5-1 cm;
the method comprises the following steps (1) or (2):
(1) if the thickness of the cerasus humilis branches is consistent with that of main branches of the apricot tree stocks, the cerasus humilis branches are inserted into the gaps in the middles of the apricot tree stocks, and the cut surfaces of the cerasus humilis branches are tightly matched with the gaps of the apricot tree stocks;
(2) if the thickness of the cerasus humilis branches is smaller than that of main branches of the apricot tree stocks, inserting the cerasus humilis branches into splitting openings on one sides of the apricot tree stocks, and enabling cambiums on two sides of the cut surfaces of the cerasus humilis branches to be tightly matched with cambiums on two sides of the splitting openings of the apricot tree stocks;
the cerasus humilis branches are collected in 12 months of the current year, and the grafting time is 3-4 months of the next year;
the original moisture and vitality of the cerasus humilis branches are kept after collection, and the specific preservation method comprises the following steps: rapidly immersing the cut of the pruned prune branch into liquid paraffin with the depth of 2cm, rapidly taking out, cooling, and placing the cooled prune branch in river sand in a layered horizontal direction with the thickness of the river sand between layers being 10 cm;
the particle size of the river sand of the cerasus humilis branches is 0.5mm, the preservation temperature is 5 ℃, and the preservation humidity is kept at RH = 60%;
the apricot tree is golden sun.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the height of the trunk of the apricot tree stock is 80 cm; the trunk diameter of the apricot tree stock is 8 cm;
the number of main branches of the apricot tree stock is 3; the thickness of the main branch of the apricot tree stock is 1cm or 3 cm;
the length of the cerasus humilis branches is 6 cm; the thickness of the cerasus humilis branches is 0.5cm or 1 cm;
the cerasus humilis branches have two buds.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that:
the length of the cut surface of the cerasus humilis branches is 2-3 cm; the depth of the cleavage is 3-5 cm.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein:
the length of the cut surface of the cerasus humilis branch is 2 cm; the depth of the split is 4 cm.
5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the method also comprises a sealing step after the Prunus humilis Bunge is grafted by the apricot tree stock;
the sealing is to wrap the grafting part by a strip-shaped plastic film with the width of 2-3 cm.
6. Use of the method of any one of claims 1 to 5 for the vigorous cultivation of prunus humilis.
7. A method for breeding Prunus humilis grafts, comprising the step A of any one of claims 1-5.
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| CN107996168B (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2020-08-04 | 大连民族大学 | Anvil bud configuration method for high grafting and crown changing of hollow plum |
| CN112970445A (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2021-06-18 | 四川省内江市农业科学院 | Method for high-position grafting of evodia rutaecarpa on evodia rutaecarpa rootstock |
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| CN101669438A (en) * | 2009-09-30 | 2010-03-17 | 李化林 | Method for grafting wild apricot and plum at mountainous regions and cultivation management technology |
| CN104472232A (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2015-04-01 | 重庆市永川区余潘果树种植专业合作社 | Method for grafting plums and peaches on apricot tree |
| CN104920075A (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2015-09-23 | 安顺市西秀区春实绿化苗木有限公司 | Grafting method of plum trees and apricot trees |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101669438A (en) * | 2009-09-30 | 2010-03-17 | 李化林 | Method for grafting wild apricot and plum at mountainous regions and cultivation management technology |
| CN104472232A (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2015-04-01 | 重庆市永川区余潘果树种植专业合作社 | Method for grafting plums and peaches on apricot tree |
| CN104920075A (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2015-09-23 | 安顺市西秀区春实绿化苗木有限公司 | Grafting method of plum trees and apricot trees |
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| Title |
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| 《依托山区野生资源优势发展欧李特色果品经济》;张静等;《中国果菜》;20040522;第40页 * |
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| 张静等.《依托山区野生资源优势发展欧李特色果品经济》.《中国果菜》.2004,第40页. * |
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Inventor after: Wang Jianwen Inventor after: Zhang Tieqiang Inventor after: Wang Hao Inventor after: Wang Zhizhong Inventor after: Ma Xuan Inventor after: Xue Yuanyuan Inventor before: Zhang Tieqiang Inventor before: Wang Jianwen Inventor before: Wang Hao Inventor before: Wang Zhizhong Inventor before: Ma Xuan Inventor before: Xue Yuanyuan |