CN105324418B - 纤维强化树脂部件 - Google Patents
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Abstract
纤维强化树脂部件(11)的连续纤维由沿轴向取向的轴向纤维(19)和沿轴直角方向取向的轴直角方向纤维(20)构成,使角部(13)的外侧的第一层(17)中的轴直角方向纤维(20)的密度比角部(13)的内侧的第二层(18)中的轴直角方向纤维(20)的密度高,因此在输入轴向负载且破坏了纤维强化树脂部件(11)时,在角部(13)的外侧的第一层(17)中以高密度配置的轴直角方向纤维(20)被积极地拉伸而断裂,从而能够发挥大的能量吸收效果。而且由于纤维强化树脂部件(11)为仅使其内部的轴直角方向纤维(20)的密度发生变化的简单的构造,所以能够将制造成本的增加抑制为最小限度。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种纤维强化树脂部件,通过合成树脂加强连续纤维的纤维强化树脂层在相对于其轴向正交的轴直角方向的横截面中具有角部。
背景技术
在下述专利文献1中,公知有如下能量吸收体:使将连续纤维的纤维束埋设于基体树脂的多个纤维强化树脂部件以连续纤维的取向方向交替地交叉的方式层叠,并且通过约束丝将这些多个纤维强化树脂部件的层以沿厚度方向贯通的方式缝制。在输入压缩负载时,该能量吸收体以一边使约束丝断裂一边在厚度方向的中央部分成二层的方式破坏,从而发挥能量吸收效果。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本专利第4133840号公报
发明内容
然而,上述以往的部件不仅由于连续纤维构成三维纺织品所以制造成本增加,而且由于通过约束丝断裂来发挥能量吸收效果,所以为了提高能量吸收效果而需要增加约束丝的数量,存在缝制工时增加且制造成本进一步增加的问题。而且当增加约束丝的数量时,虽然在输入压缩负载时约束丝变得难以断裂而以在厚度方向中央部分成二层的方式破坏时的能量吸收量增加,但存在如下担忧:以相互交叉的方式取向的连续纤维的量减少而能量吸收体的强度自身降低。另外,由于通过在厚度方向中央部分成二层从而进行能量吸收,所以树脂对能量吸收特性的影响大,存在由温度变化等的环境要素导致能量吸收特性不稳定的可能性。
本发明是鉴于上述情况而完成的,其目的在于,提供一种纤维强化树脂部件,构造简单,并且在输入轴向的压缩负载时发挥大的能量吸收效果。
为了实现上述目的,根据本发明,提出一种纤维强化树脂部件,该纤维强化树脂部件的由合成树脂加强连续纤维而成的纤维强化树脂层在相对于其轴向正交的轴直角方向的横截面中具有角部,其第一特征为,上述连续纤维由沿轴向取向的轴向纤维和沿轴直角方向取向的轴直角方向纤维构成,使上述角部的外侧中的上述轴直角方向纤维的密度比上述角部的内侧中的上述轴直角方向纤维的密度高。
另外,根据本发明,提出一种纤维强化树脂部件,在上述第一特征的基础上,其第二特征在于,上述纤维强化树脂层由层叠的多个层构成,配置于上述角部的内侧的层的上述合成树脂为压缩强度高且难以膨胀的热塑性树脂,配置于上述角部的外侧的层的上述合成树脂为压缩强度低且易于膨胀的热塑性树脂。
另外,根据本发明,提出一种纤维强化树脂部件,在上述第二特征的基础上,其第三特征在于,上述纤维强化树脂层具有与上述角部连续的平坦部。
另外,根据本发明,提出一种纤维强化树脂部件,在上述第一~第三中的任一个特征的基础上,其第四特征在于,上述纤维强化树脂层为,与上述轴直角方向纤维的弯曲部相邻地配置有上述轴向纤维。
另外,根据本发明,提出一种纤维强化树脂部件,在上述第一~第四中的任一个特征的基础上,其第五特征在于,上述纤维强化树脂部件的横截面为点对称的形状。
另外,根据本发明,提出一种纤维强化树脂部件,在上述第一~第五中的任一个特征的基础上,其第六特征在于,在上述纤维强化树脂部件的轴向端部处,配置于上述内侧的层与配置于上述外侧的层相比沿轴向突出。
另外,实施方式的第一平坦部12以及第二平坦部14与本发明的平坦部对应,实施方式的第一角部13与本发明的角部对应,实施方式的第一层17与本发明的层叠于外侧的层对应,实施方式的第二层18与本发明的层叠于内侧的层对应。
发明效果
根据本发明的第一特征,纤维强化树脂部件为,由合成树脂加强连续纤维的纤维强化树脂层在相对于其轴向正交的轴直角方向的横截面中具有角部。连续纤维由沿轴向取向的轴向纤维和沿轴直角方向取向的轴直角方向纤维构成,使角部的外侧中的轴直角方向纤维的密度比角部的内侧中的轴直角方向纤维的密度高,所以在输入轴向负载而破坏纤维强化树脂部件时,在角部的外侧的层中以高密度配置的轴直角方向纤维被积极地拉伸而断裂,从而能够发挥大的能量吸收效果。而且由于纤维强化树脂部件为仅使其内部的轴直角方向纤维的密度发生变化的简单的构造,所以能将制造成本的增加抑制为最小限度。另外,由于树脂对能量吸收特性的影响少,所以不论温度变化等的环境要素如何均能够得到稳定的能量吸收特性。
另外,根据本发明的第二特征,由于纤维强化树脂层由层叠的多个层构成,配置于角部的内侧的层的合成树脂为压缩强度高且难以膨胀的热塑性树脂,配置于角部的外侧的层的合成树脂为压缩强度低且易于膨胀的热塑性树脂,所以通常时能够由压缩强度高的角部的内侧的层确保纤维强化树脂部件的强度,并且在输入轴向负载时能够破坏压缩强度低的角部的外侧的层而使其膨胀,从而使配置于此的轴直角方向纤维断裂而有效地发挥能量吸收效果。
另外,根据本发明的第三特征,由于纤维强化树脂层具有与角部连续的平坦部,所以在输入轴向负载时,首先平坦部的轴向纤维进行层间剥离从而角部的轴直角方向纤维断裂,以此为触发,能够促进轴直角方向纤维的断裂。
另外,根据本发明的第四特征,由于纤维强化树脂层与轴直角方向纤维的弯曲部相邻地配置有轴向纤维,所以在输入轴向负载而轴直角方向纤维断裂时,通过轴向纤维阻止该轴直角方向纤维向横向的移动,从而能够使轴直角方向纤维可靠地断裂。
另外,根据本发明的第五特征,由于纤维强化树脂部件的横截面为点对称的形状,所以能够防止在输入轴向负载时纤维强化树脂部件相对于轴线倾斜,使纤维强化树脂部件在轴向的长距离的范围内破坏而提高能量吸收效果。
另外,根据本发明的第六特征,由于在纤维强化树脂部件的轴向端部处,配置于内侧的层与配置于外侧的层相比沿轴向突出,所以在输入轴向负载时首先内侧的层破坏,接着外侧的层破坏,从而能够使能量吸收量逐渐增加而能够稳定吸收能量。
附图说明
图1是纤维强化树脂部件的立体图。(第一实施方式)
图2是图1的2部分放大图。(第一实施方式)
图3是输入轴向负载时的角部的截面的变形的说明图。(第一实施方式)
图4是输入轴向负载时的平坦部的层间剥离的说明图。(第一实施方式)
图5是第一角部以及第二角部的膨胀方向的说明图。(第一实施方式)
图6是纤维强化树脂部件的横截面图。(第二实施方式)
图7是纤维强化树脂部件的立体图。(第三实施方式)
附图标记说明
11 纤维强化树脂部件
12 第一平坦部(平坦部)
13 第一角部(角部)
14 第二平坦部(平坦部)
17 第一层(层叠于外侧的层)
18 第二层(层叠于内侧的层)
19 轴向纤维
20 轴直角方向纤维
具体实施方式
以下,基于图1~图5说明本发明的第一实施方式。
第一实施方式
如图1所示,用于汽车的车架等的纤维强化树脂部件11由如下部分构成:第一平坦部12;从第一平坦部12折弯成直角的一对第一角部13、13;与一对第一角部13、13相连的一对第二平坦部14、14;从一对第二平坦部14、14向相反方向折弯成直角的一对凸缘部16、16。纤维强化树脂部件11沿轴向具有恒定的帽状截面。
图2是纤维强化树脂部件11的第一角部13的放大剖视图,纤维强化树脂部件11的纤维强化树脂层是将第一角部13的弯曲方向外侧的第一层17和第一角部13的弯曲方向内侧的第二层18层叠而构成为二层。
第一角部13的外侧的第一层17由相互平行地配置且沿轴向延伸的1层轴向纤维19…和层叠于其两侧且沿轴直角方向延伸的双层轴直角方向纤维20…构成。轴向纤维19…以及轴直角方向纤维20…为玻璃或碳的连续纤维,基体树脂为聚丙烯,该聚丙烯由于压缩强度比较低,所以在压溃时体积容易膨胀。
第一角部13的内侧的第二层18由相互平行地配置且沿轴向延伸的1层轴向纤维19…和层叠于其单侧而沿轴直角方向延伸的1层轴直角方向纤维20…构成。轴向纤维19…以及轴直角方向纤维20…为玻璃或碳的连续纤维,基体树脂为尼龙,该尼龙由于压缩强度比较高,所以压溃时体积不容易膨胀。
因此,在第一角部13中,弯曲方向外侧部分(第一层17)中的轴直角方向纤维20…的密度变高,弯曲方向内侧部分(第二层18)中的轴直角方向纤维20…的密度变低。
另外,在以上的说明中,纤维强化树脂部件11成为第一层17以及第二层18的二层构造,但层叠的层数不限定于二层,能够任意地设定。另外,在第一层17以及第二层18的内部的轴向纤维19…以及轴直角方向纤维20…的层数也是任意的。另外,轴向纤维19…以及轴直角方向纤维20…既可以相互交织,又可以仅重叠。
从图1得以明确,由于第二角部15相对于第一角部13向相反方向折弯,所以第一层17位于弯曲方向内侧,第二层18位于弯曲外侧,因此,在第二角部15中,有必要使第二层18的轴直角方向纤维20…的密度比第一层17中轴直角方向纤维20…的密度高。第一角部13以及第二角部15间的轴直角方向纤维20…的密度的改变优选在被第一角部13以及第二角部15所夹着的第二平坦部14中以强度不急剧变化的方式连续地进行。
接下来,说明具有上述构成的本发明的实施方式的作用。
当由于车辆的碰撞等而对纤维强化树脂部件11输入轴向的强压缩负载时,基体树脂由于压弯而压溃而被粉碎从而截面膨胀。图3是示意性地表示第一角部13的截面的膨胀的图,截面从由实线表示的状态膨胀为由点划线表示的状态时,第一角部13的内侧的周长基本上不增加,与此相对,第一角部13的外侧的周长大幅增加。
其结果,外侧的第一层17的轴直角方向纤维20…被强力拉伸而断裂从而吸收碰撞的能量。此时,由于第一层17的轴直角方向纤维20…与第二层18中的轴直角方向纤维20…相比以高密度配置,所以能够使断裂的轴直角方向纤维20…的数量增加而提高能量吸收性能。另外,由于在第一角部13的第一层17内折弯成直角的轴直角方向纤维20…的折弯部的内侧相邻地配置轴向纤维19…,所以通过轴向纤维19…阻止拉伸的轴直角方向纤维20…向弯曲方向内侧移动,从而能够促进轴直角方向纤维20…的断裂。
并且,由于第一层17的基体树脂为压缩强度比较低从而压溃时体积容易膨胀的聚丙烯,第二层18的基体树脂为压缩强度比较高从而压溃时体积难以膨胀的尼龙,所以在输入轴向负载时,使第一层17大幅膨胀而有效地使轴直角方向纤维20…断裂,能够进一步提高能量吸收性能。另外,由于对能量吸收没有积极地贡献的第二层18为高强度,所以不是在车辆的碰撞时而是在通常时能够确保纤维强化树脂部件11的强度。
而且,如图4所示,在输入轴向负载时,由于夹着第一角部13的第一平坦部12以及第二平坦部14在第一层17以及第二层18的边界发生层间剥离,所以以此为触发,促进第一角部13的压溃,能量吸收进一步提高。
以上,关于第一角部13中的能量吸收进行了说明,但第二角部15也以相同的作用发挥能量吸收性能。如图5所示,由于帽状截面的纤维强化树脂部件11具有膨胀方向为相反方向的第一角部13以及第二角部15,所以能够在输入轴向负载时使轴直角方向纤维20…的张力高效地提高从而提高能量吸收性能。而且,由于纤维强化树脂部件11为仅使其内部的轴直角方向纤维20…的密度发生变化的简单的构造,所以能够将制造成本的增加抑制到最小限度。另外,由于树脂对能量吸收特性的影响少,所以不论温度变化等的环境要素如何,都能够得到稳定的能量吸收特性。
接下来,基于图6说明本发明的第二实施方式。
第二实施方式
第一实施方式的纤维强化树脂部件11具有非点对称的帽状的横截面形状,第二实施方式的纤维强化树脂部件11具有相对于轴中心L点对称的大致S字状的横截面形状。
如此,使纤维强化树脂部件11的横截面形状设为点对称,从而能够在输入轴向负载时防止纤维强化树脂部件11相对于轴中心L倾斜,使纤维强化树脂部件11在长的行程中可靠地压溃并提高能量吸收性能。
接下来,基于图7说明本发明的第三实施方式。
第三实施方式
第三实施方式是将板状的纤维强化树脂部件21结合在帽状截面的纤维强化树脂部件11的一对凸缘部16、16间而构成为闭合截面。由于第二角部15与凸缘部16连接而不能过于期待基于轴直角方向纤维20…的断裂实现的能量吸收效果,所以使外侧的轴直角方向纤维20…的密度比内侧的轴直角方向纤维20…的密度高的构造仅应用于第一角部13。而且,在纤维强化树脂部件11的轴向端部处,第一层17的轴向端部与第二层18的轴向端部相比沿轴向仅后退距离a。即,仅由第二层18构成从纤维强化树脂部件11的轴向端部开始在距离a以内的区域。
根据本实施方式,在纤维强化树脂部件11、21由轴向负载导致压溃时,第一角部13当然发挥与第一实施方式相同的能量吸收效果,但除此之外,首先仅在轴向端部露出的第二层18压溃,接着第二层18以及第一层17双方同时压溃,从而能够使能量吸收量逐渐增加而能够稳定地吸收能量。
以上,说明了本发明的实施方式,本发明在不脱离其主旨的范围内能够进行各种设计变更。
例如,纤维强化树脂部件11的纤维强化树脂层不一定需要分成多层,一层也可以。总之,轴直角方向纤维20…的密度在角部的外侧比角部的内侧高即可。
Claims (8)
1.一种纤维强化树脂部件,所述纤维强化树脂部件的由合成树脂加强连续纤维而成的纤维强化树脂层在相对于其轴向正交的轴直角方向的横截面中具有角部(13),其特征在于,
所述连续纤维由沿轴向取向的轴向纤维(19)和沿轴直角方向取向的轴直角方向纤维(20)构成,
所述纤维强化树脂层是将所述角部(13)的弯曲方向外侧的第一层(17)和所述角部(13)的弯曲方向内侧的第二层(18)层叠而构成的,
所述第一层(17)由1层所述轴向纤维(19)和层叠于其两侧且沿轴直角方向延伸的2层所述轴直角方向纤维(20)构成,
所述第二层(18)由1层所述轴向纤维(19)和层叠于其单侧且沿轴直角方向延伸的1层所述轴直角方向纤维(20)构成,
所述角部(13)处的所述第一层(17)的所述轴直角方向纤维(20)的密度比所述第二层(18)中的所述轴直角方向纤维(20)的密度高。
2.根据权利要求1所述的纤维强化树脂部件,其特征在于,
所述第二层(18)的所述合成树脂为与所述第一层(17)的所述合成树脂相比压缩强度高且难以膨胀的热塑性树脂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的纤维强化树脂部件,其特征在于,
所述纤维强化树脂层具有与所述角部(13)连续的平坦部(12,14)。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的纤维强化树脂部件,其特征在于,
所述纤维强化树脂层与所述轴直角方向纤维(20)的弯曲部相邻地配置有所述轴向纤维(19)。
5.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的纤维强化树脂部件,其特征在于,
所述纤维强化树脂部件(11)的横截面为点对称的形状。
6.根据权利要求4中所述的纤维强化树脂部件,其特征在于,
所述纤维强化树脂部件(11)的横截面为点对称的形状。
7.根据权利要求2或3所述的纤维强化树脂部件,其特征在于,在所述纤维强化树脂部件(11)的轴向端部,配置于所述内侧的层(18)与配置于所述外侧的层(17)相比沿轴向突出。
8.根据权利要求2所述的纤维强化树脂部件,其特征在于,
所述第一层的合成树脂由聚丙烯构成,所述第二层的合成树脂由尼龙构成。
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