CN105293495A - Flash smelting furnace for calcium carbide and system - Google Patents
Flash smelting furnace for calcium carbide and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN105293495A CN105293495A CN201510736319.5A CN201510736319A CN105293495A CN 105293495 A CN105293495 A CN 105293495A CN 201510736319 A CN201510736319 A CN 201510736319A CN 105293495 A CN105293495 A CN 105293495A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a flash smelting furnace for calcium carbide. The flash smelting furnace comprises a furnace body and a flue arranged on the furnace body, wherein a smelting pool is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body; a hearth is formed by an inner chamber of the furnace body above the smelting pool; a mixing nozzle and an oxygen injection mechanism are also arranged on the furnace body; a powdery carbon-based raw material supply mechanism, a powdery calcium-based raw material supply mechanism and an oxygen-containing gas conveying mechanism are connected with the mixing nozzle; a primary combustion reaction area is formed after the powdery carbon-based raw material, the powdery calcium-based raw material and the oxygen-containing gas are injected into and react in the hearth through the mixing nozzle; a secondary combustion splashing area is formed after the oxygen-rich gas is injected into the hearth by the oxygen injection mechanism and reacts with the CO gas in the furnace. The flash smelting furnace provided by the invention is used for producing calcium carbide; the active surface of the powdery raw material can be fully utilized; the smelting reaction process of calcium carbide can be enhanced; the reaction temperature is reduced; the reaction time is shortened; some CO generated in smelting is applied to the secondary combustion for releasing heat, so that the sufficient reaction of the calcium carbide smelting is boosted.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of calcium carbide production, be specifically related to a kind of calcium carbide flash smelting furnace and calcium carbide flash smelting system.
Background technology
Calcium carbide is the basic raw material of synthetic organic chemical manufacturing industry, and its main chemical compositions is carbide of calcium (CaC
2).Industrial calcium carbide production method is electric heating process and the hot method of oxygen mainly.
Electric heating process smelts calcium carbide, and be heat energy by electric arc furnace by electric energy conversion, the lime of heating particle diameter 5 ~ 30mm and carbon raw, produce calcium carbide under 2000 ~ 2200 DEG C of hot conditionss.Calcium carbide building-up reactions is a solid phase thermo-negative reaction, and the chemical dynamics process time is long; Because block stock contact area is little, have a strong impact on speed of reaction and heat and mass efficiency, therefore, electric heating process smelts the high temperature that calcium carbide needs more than 2000 DEG C.Electric heating process technical maturity, shortcoming adopts high-grade electric heat supply, and energy consumption is high, efficiency is low.
The hot method of oxygen smelts calcium carbide, is to be taken the lead in developing by front Baden, Federal Republic Of Germany Ben An soda ash company, directly utilizes the combustion heat for calcium carbide production heat supply.The hot method of oxygen using the burning of carbonaceous fuel as thermal source, provide enough heats meet calcium carbide generate needed for temperature and endothermic heat of reaction.The hot method of oxygen avoids the twice transformation of energy, and its thermo-efficiency is significantly higher than electric heating process.But because the hot environment of the hot method of oxygen is different from electric heating process with the mode of motion of material, fuel combustion heat supply is also different from electric heating process with the impact of purity on calcium carbide melting, and the hot method of oxygen does not also obtain industrial application widely.However, the hot method of oxygen avoids using of electrode and consumes, and by-product gas (containing a large amount of CO) can utilize in coproduction, is conducive to reducing investment, cost-saving.Oxygen hot method calcium carbide production technology has vast potential for future development, and relevant fundamental research is still among deepening constantly.In the Patents (application number CN201310728767.1, CN201310729034.X, CN201310728116.2 etc.) preparing the method for calcium carbide of Shen Wu environmental energy scientific & technical corporation application, by calcium base and carbon back raw material after pyrolysis or calcination processing, prepare calcium carbide.Although these methods can improve speed of reaction, reduce energy consumption, be difficult to ensure that sufficient reacting completes, obtained calcium carbide taste is relatively low.
Flash smelting technique is widely used in nonferrous metallurgy industry, and this technique makes full use of the huge active surface of fine grinding material, the melting method of strengthening smelting reaction process.The technical characteristic of non-ferrous metal flash smelting is that after warm air or oxygen mix, at full speed (60 ~ 70m/s) sprays in reaction tower, produces high temperature (1450 ~ 1550 DEG C) in reaction zone by the powdery concentrate of deep dehydration (moisture be less than 0.3%).Flash smelting is by the smelting of more application in matte, and an outstanding advantages of this technique makes full use of the surface energy of fine ore and the combustion heat of sulfide, thus reaches that output is large, energy consumption is low, the rate of recovery is high, pollute little object.
Summary of the invention
The embodiment of the present invention relates to a kind of calcium carbide flash smelting furnace and calcium carbide flash smelting system, at least can solve the segmental defect of prior art.
The embodiment of the present invention relates to a kind of calcium carbide flash smelting furnace, comprise body of heater and be located at the flue on described body of heater, described bottom of furnace body has molten bath, body of heater inner chamber above described molten bath forms burner hearth, described body of heater is also provided with mixing nozzle and blowing oxygen mechanism, described mixing nozzle is connected with powdery carbon back raw material supply mechanism, powdered calcium based raw material organization of supply and oxygen-containing gas transfer mechanism, powdery carbon back raw material, powdered calcium based raw material and oxygen-containing gas spray into reaction in described burner hearth by described mixing nozzle and form primary combustion reaction zone, oxygen rich gas is sprayed in described burner hearth by described blowing oxygen mechanism and forms secondary combustion splash(spray)zone with CO gas reaction in stove.
As one of embodiment, described burner hearth is horizontal burner hearth, and at least one side wall that described burner hearth is corresponding, be provided with described mixing nozzle, described body of heater top is all located at by described blowing oxygen mechanism and described flue.
As one of embodiment, described blowing oxygen mechanism comprises oxygen rifle, and described oxygen rifle is vertically arranged on described flue.
As one of embodiment, described blowing oxygen mechanism also comprises the rifle position regulating mechanism regulating described oxygen rifle height.
As one of embodiment, described flue is round shape flue, and the axis of described oxygen rifle overlaps with the vertical axis of the suction opening of described flue.
As one of embodiment, described body of heater comprises reaction tower and settling tank, described settling tank top is all located at by described reaction tower and described flue, described reaction tower inner chamber and flue gas district, described settling tank top form described burner hearth, described mixing nozzle is located at described reaction tower top, and described blowing oxygen mechanism is located on the headwall in described flue gas district.
As one of embodiment, described blowing oxygen mechanism comprises oxygen jet, is provided with described oxygen jet to being less than described flue gas district on the side headwall of described flue.
As one of embodiment, described primary combustion reaction zone is departed from described secondary combustion splash(spray)zone.
The embodiment of the present invention relates to a kind of calcium carbide flash smelting system, comprise calcium carbide flash smelting furnace as above, described powdery carbon back raw material supply mechanism comprises carbon back raw material powder process unit and carbon back raw material drying unit, and described powdered calcium based raw material organization of supply comprises calcium based raw material powder process unit and calcium based raw material drying unit.
As one of embodiment, the flue of described calcium carbide flash smelting furnace is connected with gas cleaning system.
The embodiment of the present invention at least achieves following beneficial effect: the Flash Smelting Furnace adopting the present embodiment to provide produces calcium carbide, can make full use of the active surface of powder raw material, and strengthening calcium carbide smelts reaction process, reduces temperature of reaction, Reaction time shorten; And the part CO that melting produces, for secondary combustion heat release, promotes that calcium carbide melting is fully reacted.Calcium carbide flash smelting furnace thermal efficiency provided by the invention is high, and fusion process is fast, is conducive to reducing energy consumption, shortening the heat, and enhances productivity.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, be briefly described to the accompanying drawing used required in embodiment or description of the prior art below, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the prerequisite not paying creative work, other accompanying drawing can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
The structural representation of a kind of calcium carbide flash smelting furnace that Fig. 1 provides for the embodiment of the present invention;
The structural representation of the another kind of calcium carbide flash smelting furnace that Fig. 2 provides for the embodiment of the present invention;
The structural representation of the calcium carbide flash smelting system that Fig. 3 provides for the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, be clearly and completely described the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, other embodiments all that those of ordinary skill in the art obtain under the prerequisite not making creative work, all belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
embodiment one
The embodiment of the present invention relates to a kind of calcium carbide flash smelting method, comprises the following steps:
Step one, prepares powdery carbon back raw material and powdered calcium based raw material, and carries out drying treatment to powdery carbon back raw material and powdered calcium based raw material.Wherein, in raw materials process, control the particle diameter of described powdery carbon back raw material and powdered calcium based raw material all within the scope of 0.07 ~ 1mm, carbon back raw material and calcium based raw material is made to be finely powdered, there is higher surfactivity, thus strengthening calcium carbide melting speed, reduce temperature of reaction.In drying treatment process, the weight percent controlling the moisture in described powdery carbon back raw material and powdered calcium based raw material, all below 0.3%, makes carbon back raw material and calcium based raw material can be used for flash smelting.
Step 2, powdery carbon back raw material, powdered calcium based raw material and oxygen-containing gas are sprayed in Flash Smelting Furnace 101 at a high speed by the mixing nozzle 2 of Flash Smelting Furnace 101 simultaneously, form primary combustion reaction zone 3, this primary combustion reaction zone 3 temperature controls at 1600 ~ 2000 DEG C, to form CaC in the molten bath of Flash Smelting Furnace 101
2-CaO congruent melting layer 5.Powdery carbon back raw material, powdered calcium based raw material and oxygen-containing gas Homogeneous phase mixing in mixing nozzle 2, and to spray in Flash Smelting Furnace 101 at a high speed, effectively can improve speed of reaction, wherein, the injecting velocity of mixing nozzle 2 is greater than 50m/s.The most basic characteristics of calcium carbide generative process form liquid low temperature CaC
2-CaO congruent melting nitride layer, through this one deck, carbide liquid could constantly be purified, and the existence of this eutectic makes calcium carbide under lower than the condition of its fusing point, can discharge smelting furnace with molten state.By primary combustion reaction zone 3 temperature is controlled at 1600 ~ 2000 DEG C, reaction process can be controlled and constantly form CaC
2-CaO congruent melting layer 5.For this reason, the mol ratio controlling carbon and calcium oxide in compound is 1.5:1 ~ 3:1, and oxygen consumption is 600 ~ 1600Nm3/t carbon, can meet above-mentioned requirements, obtains good reaction effect.Wherein, a part of carbon back raw material and oxygen combustion heat release; Part carbon back raw material and calcium based raw material react rapidly and generate calcium carbide CaC
2, the CO that reaction process produces then can form auxiliary heat release with oxygen combustion, and reaction produces CaC
2-CaO eutectic falls into molten bath, forms CaC
2-CaO congruent melting layer 5, CaC
2caO and C in-CaO congruent melting layer 5 continues reaction and generates calcium carbide CaC
2.Can this primary combustion reaction zone 3 temperature of the real time measure in reaction process, to adjust the add-on of each raw material in compound in time, melting reaction is carried out continually and steadily.
Step 3, to be jetted oxygen rich gas by the blowing oxygen mechanism be located on Flash Smelting Furnace 101, makes by CaC in Flash Smelting Furnace 101
2the CO gas of-CaO congruent melting layer 5 effusion burns at least partly, forms secondary combustion splash(spray)zone 4.The CaC formed in above-mentioned steps two
2can CO be produced because CaO and C continues reaction in-CaO congruent melting layer 5, the secondary combustion heat release of CO therefore can be utilized for calcium carbide melting and CaC in primary combustion reaction zone 3
2in-CaO congruent melting layer 5, calcium carbide production reaction provides heat support, promotes that calcium carbide melting reaction sooner, more fully, effectively improves the purity of calcium carbide in carbide liquid.As preferably, in molten bath near the flue 9 that this secondary combustion splash(spray)zone 4 can be made to be formed at described Flash Smelting Furnace 101, molten bath zone below the suction opening being specifically as follows flue 9 or this areas adjacent, the region that this region and surrounding are concentrated owing to being in gas volume, therefore the concentration of CO is higher, comprises by above-mentioned CaC
2the CO that the CO that in the CO of effusion in-CaO congruent melting layer 5, step 2, carbon back raw material and oxygen incomplete combustion produce and calcium based raw material and carbon back raw material reaction produce, therefore can obtain good combustion heat release effect.In addition, preferably, described primary combustion reaction zone 3 is departed from described secondary combustion splash(spray)zone 4, namely secondary combustion splash(spray)zone 4 is not overlapping with primary combustion reaction zone 3, avoid the oxygen rich gas that sprays into and carbon back raw material reaction to cause carbon back raw material consumption too much and with the quantity not sufficient that calcium based raw material reacts, affect calcium carbide melting output and production efficiency.
Step 4, Flash Smelting Furnace 101 discharge obtains carbide liquid.Along with the carrying out of reaction, CaO and the C sustained reaction in congruent melting layer 5 produces calcium carbide, and therefore, constantly purify and obtain carbide liquid in congruent melting layer 5, the ash content in the raw materials such as carbon back raw material, calcium based raw material and impurity fusing slagging are deposited in bottom molten bath.As Fig. 1, bottom molten bath, form slag liquid layer 7, calcium carbide liquid layer 6 and CaC successively from bottom to top
2-CaO congruent melting layer 5, carbide liquid and slag liquid together timing or not timing are discharged from the discharge port 8 of Flash Smelting Furnace 101.
In aforesaid method, described oxygen-containing gas and described oxygen rich gas all preferably adopt industrial pure oxygen (containing oxygen 95% ~ 97%), supply by same set of oxygen enriching system.Flue gas through described flue 9 discharge is delivered to gas cleaning system 102 and processes to recycle, as Fig. 3, be specifically as follows: flue gas is after the dedustings such as tornado dust collector, and reclaim heat through interchanger and carry out utilizing (as generating etc.), the flue gas reclaiming heat can supply coal gas user and fully utilize.
As Fig. 2, as a kind of preferred structure of the present embodiment, described blowing oxygen mechanism comprises oxygen rifle 11 and regulates the rifle position regulating mechanism of described oxygen rifle 11 height, and oxygen rifle 11 is vertically arranged on flue 9.Namely the rifle position of oxygen rifle 11 is adjustable, thus control the response intensity of secondary combustion splash(spray)zone 4, can according to altitude mixture control oxygen rifle 11 height residing for congruent melting layer 5 bottom molten bath, avoid congruent melting layer 5 splashing effect excessive, affect congruent melting layer 5 homogeneity and carbide liquid refining effect, prevent furnace wall dross simultaneously, affect subsequent production.Described rifle position regulating mechanism can use for reference existing BOF Oxygen Lance Position regulative mode, or arrange upright slide rail using flue 9 as supporter, oxygen rifle 11, along the vertical slippage of slide rail, realizes its altitude mixture control.
As Fig. 2, preferably, described flue 9 is round shape flue 9, and arranges near burner hearth mid-way as far as possible, and can obtain good CO congregational rate, the axis of described oxygen rifle 11 preferably overlaps with the vertical axis of the suction opening of described flue 9.
embodiment two
As Fig. 1-Fig. 3, the embodiment of the present invention relates to a kind of calcium carbide flash smelting furnace 101, the flue 9 comprising body of heater 1 and be located on described body of heater 1, bottom described body of heater 1, there is molten bath, body of heater 1 inner chamber above described molten bath forms burner hearth, described body of heater 1 is also provided with mixing nozzle 2 and blowing oxygen mechanism, described mixing nozzle 2 is connected with powdery carbon back raw material supply mechanism, powdered calcium based raw material organization of supply and oxygen-containing gas transfer mechanism, powdery carbon back raw material, powdered calcium based raw material and oxygen-containing gas spray into reaction in described burner hearth by described mixing nozzle 2 and form primary combustion reaction zone 3, oxygen rich gas is sprayed in described burner hearth by described blowing oxygen mechanism and forms secondary combustion splash(spray)zone 4 with CO gas reaction in stove.Wherein, preferably, described primary combustion reaction zone 3 is departed from described secondary combustion splash(spray)zone 4; Described oxygen-containing gas and described oxygen rich gas all preferably adopt industrial pure oxygen (containing oxygen 95% ~ 97%), supply by same set of oxygen enriching system.Being provided with discharge port 8 bottom molten bath, for discharging carbide liquid and slag liquid, during production, bottom molten bath, forming slag liquid layer 7, calcium carbide liquid layer 6 and CaC successively from bottom to top
2-CaO congruent melting layer 5, carbide liquid and slag liquid together timing or not timing are discharged from the discharge port 8 of Flash Smelting Furnace 101.
Be below two kinds of specific embodiments of above-mentioned calcium carbide flash smelting furnace 101:
(1) as Fig. 1, described body of heater 1 comprises reaction tower 10 and settling tank, described settling tank top is all located at by described reaction tower 10 and described flue 9, described reaction tower 10 inner chamber and flue gas district, described settling tank top form described burner hearth, described mixing nozzle 2 is located at described reaction tower 10 top, and described blowing oxygen mechanism is located on the headwall in described flue gas district.Wherein, described blowing oxygen mechanism adopts oxygen jet 12, on the side headwall of described flue 9, described oxygen jet 12 is provided with to being less than described flue gas district, oxygen jet 12 can be set on the side headwall of the close flue 9 in flue gas district, or oxygen jet 12 is all set on the headwall of both sides, depending on the specification size of body of heater 1, to obtain the speed of calcium carbide melting faster, more sufficient level of response is good.Certainly, also only in flue gas district, oxygen jet 12 can be set away from the side headwall of flue 9, can reach with the CO exothermic heat of reaction of overflowing in congruent melting layer 5 in molten bath thus strengthen calcium carbide melting institute heat requirement.As Fig. 1, the quantity of oxygen jet 12 can be arranged in pairs, and the direction and the scope that control the winding-up of each nozzle 12 are advisable to reach required secondary combustion splash(spray)zone 4 size.
(2) as Fig. 2, described burner hearth is horizontal burner hearth, and at least one side wall that described burner hearth is corresponding, be provided with described mixing nozzle 2, described body of heater 1 top is all located at by described blowing oxygen mechanism and described flue 9.The layout of mixing nozzle 2, depending on the specification size of body of heater 1, is good to obtain the speed of calcium carbide melting faster, but should considers the homogeneity of the primary first-order equation (reaction of calcium based raw material and carbon back raw material) in each region in burner hearth.As preferably, described blowing oxygen mechanism comprises oxygen rifle 11, and described oxygen rifle 11 is vertically arranged on described flue 9; Further, described blowing oxygen mechanism also comprises the rifle position regulating mechanism regulating described oxygen rifle 11 height, namely the rifle position of oxygen rifle 11 is adjustable, thus control the response intensity of secondary combustion splash(spray)zone 4, according to altitude mixture control oxygen rifle 11 height residing for congruent melting layer 5 bottom molten bath, congruent melting layer 5 splashing effect can be avoided excessive, affects congruent melting layer 5 homogeneity and carbide liquid refining effect, prevent furnace wall dross simultaneously, affect subsequent production.Described rifle position regulating mechanism can use for reference existing BOF Oxygen Lance Position regulative mode, or arrange upright slide rail using flue 9 as supporter, oxygen rifle 11, along the vertical slippage of slide rail, realizes its altitude mixture control.
As Fig. 2, preferably, described flue 9 is round shape flue 9, and arranges near burner hearth mid-way as far as possible, and can obtain good CO congregational rate, the axis of described oxygen rifle 11 preferably overlaps with the vertical axis of the suction opening of described flue 9.
The calcium carbide flash smelting furnace 101 that the present embodiment provides can use the calcium carbide flash smelting method described in embodiment one to produce calcium carbide.
embodiment three
The embodiment of the present invention relates to a kind of calcium carbide flash smelting system, comprises calcium carbide flash smelting furnace 101, and this calcium carbide flash smelting furnace 101 adopts the calcium carbide flash smelting furnace 101 provided in embodiment two, repeats no more herein.The mixing nozzle 2 of this calcium carbide flash smelting furnace 101 is connected with powder raw material supply system 103, oxygen-containing gas transfer mechanism and oxygen rich gas transfer mechanism; Powder raw material supply system 103 comprises powdery carbon back raw material supply mechanism and powdered calcium based raw material organization of supply, described powdery carbon back raw material supply mechanism comprises carbon back raw material powder process unit and carbon back raw material drying unit, and described powdered calcium based raw material organization of supply comprises calcium based raw material powder process unit and calcium based raw material drying unit.
As one of embodiment, the flue 9 of described calcium carbide flash smelting furnace 101 is connected with gas cleaning system 102, and the flue gas through described flue 9 discharge is delivered to gas cleaning system 102 and processes to recycle; As Fig. 3, be specifically as follows: flue gas is after the dedustings such as tornado dust collector, and reclaim heat through interchanger and carry out utilizing (as generating etc.), the flue gas reclaiming heat can supply coal gas user and fully utilize.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a calcium carbide flash smelting furnace, comprise body of heater and be located at the flue on described body of heater, described bottom of furnace body has molten bath, body of heater inner chamber above described molten bath forms burner hearth, it is characterized in that: described body of heater is also provided with mixing nozzle and blowing oxygen mechanism, described mixing nozzle is connected with powdery carbon back raw material supply mechanism, powdered calcium based raw material organization of supply and oxygen-containing gas transfer mechanism, powdery carbon back raw material, powdered calcium based raw material and oxygen-containing gas spray into reaction in described burner hearth by described mixing nozzle and form primary combustion reaction zone, oxygen rich gas is sprayed in described burner hearth by described blowing oxygen mechanism and forms secondary combustion splash(spray)zone with CO gas reaction in stove.
2. calcium carbide flash smelting furnace according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described burner hearth is horizontal burner hearth, on at least one side wall that described burner hearth is corresponding, be provided with described mixing nozzle, described body of heater top is all located at by described blowing oxygen mechanism and described flue.
3. calcium carbide flash smelting furnace according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described blowing oxygen mechanism comprises oxygen rifle, and described oxygen rifle is vertically arranged on described flue.
4. calcium carbide flash smelting furnace according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described blowing oxygen mechanism also comprises the rifle position regulating mechanism regulating described oxygen rifle height.
5. calcium carbide flash smelting furnace according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described flue is round shape flue, and the axis of described oxygen rifle overlaps with the vertical axis of the suction opening of described flue.
6. calcium carbide flash smelting furnace according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described body of heater comprises reaction tower and settling tank, described settling tank top is all located at by described reaction tower and described flue, described reaction tower inner chamber and flue gas district, described settling tank top form described burner hearth, described mixing nozzle is located at described reaction tower top, and described blowing oxygen mechanism is located on the headwall in described flue gas district.
7. calcium carbide flash smelting furnace according to claim 6, is characterized in that: described blowing oxygen mechanism comprises oxygen jet, is provided with described oxygen jet to being less than described flue gas district on the side headwall of described flue.
8. calcium carbide flash smelting furnace according to any one of claim 1 to 7, is characterized in that: described primary combustion reaction zone is departed from described secondary combustion splash(spray)zone.
9. a calcium carbide flash smelting system, it is characterized in that: comprise the calcium carbide flash smelting furnace according to any one of claim 1 to 8, described powdery carbon back raw material supply mechanism comprises carbon back raw material powder process unit and carbon back raw material drying unit, and described powdered calcium based raw material organization of supply comprises calcium based raw material powder process unit and calcium based raw material drying unit.
10. calcium carbide flash smelting system according to claim 9, is characterized in that: the flue of described calcium carbide flash smelting furnace is connected with gas cleaning system.
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| CN201510736319.5A CN105293495B (en) | 2015-11-04 | 2015-11-04 | Calcium carbide flash smelting furnace and system |
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| CN105293495B (en) | 2017-11-21 |
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