CN101550054A - A thermal plasma and coal dust mixing structure applied to acetylene preparation process through catalytic cracking - Google Patents
A thermal plasma and coal dust mixing structure applied to acetylene preparation process through catalytic cracking Download PDFInfo
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- CN101550054A CN101550054A CNA2009100837034A CN200910083703A CN101550054A CN 101550054 A CN101550054 A CN 101550054A CN A2009100837034 A CNA2009100837034 A CN A2009100837034A CN 200910083703 A CN200910083703 A CN 200910083703A CN 101550054 A CN101550054 A CN 101550054A
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a thermal plasma and coal dust mixing structure applied to acetylene preparation process through catalytic cracking in the technical field of chemical equipment and consists of plasma torch, plasma jet mixing zone, gas-solid downer mixer channel, and the coal powder nozzles under the plasma torch and around the plasma jet inside the gas-solid downer mixer channel. The cross section of the mixer channel is a two-dimensional closed pattern and is changed along the axial direction of the plasma jet; the coal powder nozzles are distributed on the cross section of the mixer channel at a same or different height; the cross section of the outlet of coal powder ash nozzle is in a wide and flat shape and its installation angle may be adjusted in the whole spatial range. The present invention may realize good mixing between the coal powder sprayed out of coal powder nozzles and thermal plasma jets and can effectively raise coal ash conversion rate and acetylene yield and alleviate reactor coking.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of thermal plasma and coal dust mixed structure that is applied to coal preparing ethyne by cracking process, belong to technical field of chemical.
Background technology
Acetylene is important basic Organic Chemicals.The commercial run of producing acetylene mainly contains calcium carbide route, methane portion oxidation method and methane electrocracking method, and wherein calcium carbide route acetylene technical maturity accounts for absolute specific gravity in the industrial production, but pollutes all relative with energy consumption higher.Coal plasma pyrolysis system acetylene is a direct chemical industry path for transformation of new, promising coal.Chinese scholar and engineering technical personnel have carried out a large amount of fundamental researchs and engineering research since the nineties in this field.Because China's hydrocarbon resources is deficient relatively, and coal resource is abundant, so coal plasma pyrolysis system acetylene process has important potential industrial prospect as a kind of cleaning and the short coal conversion process of flow process aspect the chemical utilization of coal.
The preparing ethyne by cracking plasma coal process is a ultrashort contact reacts process of high temperature Millisecond, and reaction conditions is extremely harsh.Plasma generator outlet jet top temperature can reach 10
4The K magnitude, the about 3000K of medial temperature, jet speed is 10
2The metre per second (m/s) magnitude.Coal dust is carried by fluidized gas, is quickened by the secondary accelerating gas before arriving the coal nozzle outlet, is injecting plasma jet with the speed of tens of metre per second (m/s)s near the plasma jet exit at last.Coal dust is sharply heated in several milliseconds with after hot-fluid contacts, and discharges volatile matter and reaction simultaneously, generates product acetylene and a small amount of other small molecules hydro carbons etc.
From the sixties in 20th century, the investigator of many countries is being engaged in the experimental study of coal plasma pyrolysis always, comprises the laboratory study of 10～100kW rank small power device, and the test of the industry test on the above power device of 300kW.The preparing ethyne by cracking plasma coal device mainly comprises three parts: plasma producing apparatus, reactor (comprising mixing tank and conversion zone), chilling and tripping device.Experimental installation adopts the direct current arc thermal plasma more, can roughly be divided into two classes according to the difference of raw material hybrid position: mix before the generating unit and generating unit after mix.The eighties in 20th century, the rotating arc device of AVCO company belonged to the former, and coal dust enters arc region by direct heating, has good mixing efficient.Do the cracking of raw material for gaseous state, liquefied hydrocarbon and also adopt the former more.Though mix before the generating unit, exactly be that reactant enters arc region, the heating that helps raw material with mix, can obtain high acetylene yield, easy damaged electrode, and apparatus structure is complicated.At present, most device all adopts the latter, and promptly raw material mixes by realization in the plasma jet of injecting plasma generator outlet downstream, but has increased the difficulty of optimizing coal dust and plasma jet mixed effect like this.
Plasma jet in the mixing tank passage of preparing ethyne by cracking plasma coal process has high temperature, Gao Han, high speed characteristics, and on the cross section of mixing tank passage, have certain temperature and velocity distribution, the coal dust that is accelerated is difficult to inject the high-temperature zone at plasma jet middle part, a large amount of coal dusts are finished heating and reaction near the zone of wall, and because wall surface temperature is relatively low, heat incomplete coal dust and can adhere to wall, cause reactor wall coking, obstruction, finally cause operation disruption.In addition, coal dust can't with pyritous plasma jet thorough mixing, can cause also that the coal dust transformation efficiency is lower, in the product gas gaseous phase volume of acetylene to contain rate lower, the economy of influence process.In addition, different with laboratory lab scale research is, the coal treatment capacity of full scale plant unit's active power is 10 times of laboratory small testing device approximately, and because the characteristic of plasma jet concentration of energy, the geometrical variations of reactor is not so significantly.In addition, the problems such as dispersion that also have high concentrated coal powder in the design of thermal plasma and coal dust mixed structure.
As mentioned above, for the preparing ethyne by cracking plasma coal full scale plant, good thermal plasma and the design of coal dust mixed structure are crucial rings in the whole device design process, and the operability and the economy of article on plasma body coal preparing ethyne by cracking process have extremely important influence.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of thermal plasma and coal dust mixed structure that is applied to coal preparing ethyne by cracking process.
A kind of thermal plasma and coal dust mixed structure that is applied to coal preparing ethyne by cracking process, comprise plasma torch 1, thermal plasma jet mixing zone 2, the descending bed of gas-solid mixing tank passage 3, and be positioned at plasma torch 1 below, be looped around the coal nozzle 5 around the thermal plasma jet in the descending bed of the gas-solid mixing tank passage 3, it is characterized in that, coal nozzle 5 is installed on 1～6 cross section of identical or different height of the descending bed of gas-solid mixing tank passage 3 inwalls, divide 2～3 layers of distribution, every layer of distance is 2～50mm, and its setting angle can be adjusted in whole spatial dimension; 1～16 of logical heat-eliminating medium hid stream member 10 in 0～20mm place, coal nozzle 5 tops was equipped with; The cross section of the major axis of coal nozzle 5 outlet cross sections and the descending bed of gas-solid mixing tank passage 3 has angle of cut α, the periphery of the descending bed of the gas-solid at coal nozzle 5 places mixing tank passage 3 cross sections becomes angle of cut β with the tangent line at coal nozzle 5 medullary ray intersection point places with coal nozzle 5 medullary rays, and the cross section of the descending bed of coal nozzle 5 medullary rays and gas-solid mixing tank passage 3 has angle of cut γ.
The number of described plasma torch 1 is 1～6.
Described coal nozzle 5 numbers are 2～16.
Described coal dust is a kind of in feed coal, coal and powdery waste plastic mixture, coal and powdery biomass mixture, coal and the pulverized petroleum coke mixture.
Described heat-eliminating medium is a kind of in high pressure water, salt solution, buck or the machine oil.
Described coal nozzle 5 exports the wide flat that is shaped as of cross sections, and the ratio of 1/2 power of section girth P and cross-sectional area A is 4.5～9.5.
The cross section of the descending bed of described gas-solid mixing tank passage 3 be shaped as two-dimensional closed figure, promptly circle, oval, fillet is arc, fillet is fan-shaped and the fillet Polygons in a kind of.
The ratio of 1/2 power of described gas-solid descending bed mixing tank passage 3 section girth P and cross-sectional area A is 3.55～7, and the ratio of cross section major axis and minor axis is 1～8.
Described angle of cut α, the angular range of β and γ are respectively 0 °～45 °, 45 °～135 ° and-45 °～45 °.
Described major axis is defined as the straight line that has 2 places of ultimate range in the descending bed of gas-solid mixing tank passage 3 cross sections, and minor axis is defined as the straight line that has 2 places of minor increment in the descending bed of gas-solid mixing tank passage 3 cross sections.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: this structure is when guaranteeing the coal dust treatment capacity that adapts with full scale plant power, according to thermal plasma effusive characteristic, improve the speed of coal nozzle outlet solid particulate, enlarge coal dust jet and thermal plasma contact area, and can disperse high concentrated coal powder rapidly, to improve the mixing efficiency of coal dust and thermal plasma, can improve the coal dust transformation efficiency effectively, improve the acetylene yield, and alleviate the reactor coking phenomenon.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of typical thermal plasma and coal dust mixed structure synoptic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the A-A sectional view of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 becomes the angle synoptic diagram between major axis and the mixing tank channel cross-section of coal nozzle outlet cross section;
Fig. 4 (a) is the thermal plasma and the coal dust mixed structure synoptic diagram of coal nozzle layer distributed;
Fig. 4 (b) is the spatial distribution synoptic diagram of the coal nozzle of higher cross-section;
Fig. 4 (c) is the spatial distribution synoptic diagram of the coal nozzle of low cross-section;
Fig. 5 has thermal plasma and the coal dust mixed structure synoptic diagram that hides the stream member;
Among the figure: the 1-plasma torch; 2-thermal plasma jet mixing zone; The descending bed of 3-gas-solid mixing tank passage; The 4-thermal plasma is the movement locus signal in the mixing zone; The 5-coal nozzle; The 6-mixing zone; The 7-coal dust mixes signal with thermal plasma; The cross section of the descending bed of 8-gas-solid mixing tank passage; The major axis of 9-coal nozzle outlet cross section; 10-hides the stream member.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
A kind of thermal plasma and coal dust mixed structure that is applied to coal preparing ethyne by cracking process, comprise plasma torch 1, thermal plasma jet mixing zone 2, the descending bed of gas-solid mixing tank passage 3, and be positioned at plasma torch 1 below, be looped around the descending bed of gas-solid mixing tank passage 3 thermal plasma jets coal nozzle 5 (Fig. 1) all around.As shown in Figure 2, the cross section 8 of the descending bed of gas-solid mixing tank passage be oval, and this ellipse is with thermal plasma flow direction even variation, the maximum long 120mm of transverse, the long 80mm of minor axis, the long 60mm of transverse of minimum, the long 30mm of minor axis; The number of coal nozzle 5 is 6, be installed in cross section 8 places of the descending bed of the gas-solid mixing tank passage of sustained height, the long 80mm of this place's cross section transverse, the long 40mm of minor axis, major axis and minor axis ratio are 2, and the ratio of the section girth P of cross section and 1/2 power of cross-sectional area A is 3.87; The outlet cross section of coal nozzle 5 is wide flat, it for long 15.6mm, long-width ratio 6 rectangle, the ratio of 1/2 power of section girth P and cross-sectional area A is 5.72, three space mounting angles of coal nozzle 5 are respectively that the major axis 9 of coal nozzle outlet cross section is 45 ° (Fig. 3) with the angle of cut α of the cross section 8 of the descending bed of gas-solid mixing tank passage; The gas at coal nozzle 5 places is with the limit of descending bed mixing tank channel cross-section 8 and the tangent line at coal nozzle 5 medullary ray intersection point places, and the β angle that forms with coal nozzle 5 medullary rays is 90 ° (Fig. 2); The angle of cut γ of the cross section 8 of the descending bed of coal nozzle 5 medullary rays and gas-solid mixing tank passage is 0 °.
Plasma torch output rating 1.8MW, coal dust operational throughput 800kg/h.Power-on, produce the thermal plasma jet, after operating parameterss such as question response device internal pressure and wall temperature are stable, open the coal dust transfer line, open the preceding coal dust accelerating gas pipeline of nozzle simultaneously, unlatching is positioned at the coke cleaning device of coal inlet below, coal dust is injected plasma jet through coal nozzle 5, behind the normal operation 1h, each operating parameters of reactor is normal, the mixing tank (cylindric) of the rounded section of the same volume under the equal operational condition of maximum gas forming amount improves 15%, therebetween product gas is taken a sample.After operation for some time, close the coal dust pipeline, powered-down.After the device cooling to be mixed, take reactor apart and observe, coal inlet does not have the coking situation, slight coking in the hybrid channel.To the product gas sample analysis of obtaining, concentration of acetylene (V/V) 7.50～8.60% improved 1.5% more originally; System is accounted, and coal dust transformation efficiency 22% during by mixing tank (cylindric) of the rounded section of the same volume under the operational condition such as original brings up to 30%.
A kind of thermal plasma and coal dust mixed structure that is applied to coal preparing ethyne by cracking process, comprise plasma torch 1, thermal plasma jet mixing zone 2, the descending bed of gas-solid mixer passage 3, and be positioned at plasma torch 1 below, be looped around the descending bed of gas-solid mixing tank passage 3 thermal plasma jets coal nozzle 5 (Fig. 4 (a)) all around.Coal nozzle distributes as Fig. 4 (b), and shown in Fig. 4 (c), the cross section 8 of the descending bed of gas-solid mixing tank passage is oval, this ellipse is with thermal plasma flow direction even variation, the maximum long 120mm of transverse, the long 80mm of minor axis, the minimum long 60mm of transverse, the long 30mm of minor axis; The number of coal nozzle 3 is 6, be installed on the cross section 8 of the descending bed of two gas-solids of 20mm mixing tank passage (Fig. 4 (a)), arrange 4 coal nozzles 3 (Fig. 4 (b)) on the higher cross section, arrange 2 coal nozzles 3 (Fig. 4 (c)) on the lower cross section.The long 90mm of cross section transverse of higher position, the long 45mm of minor axis, major axis and minor axis ratio are 2, the ratio of the section girth P of cross section and 1/2 power of cross-sectional area A is 3.89, the long 80mm of cross section transverse of lower, the long 40mm of minor axis, major axis and minor axis ratio are 2, the ratio of the section girth P of cross section and 1/2 power of cross-sectional area A is 3.87; The outlet cross section of coal nozzle 5 is wide flat, it for long 15.6mm, long-width ratio 6 rectangle, the ratio of 1/2 power of section girth P and cross-sectional area A is 5.72, three space mounting angles of coal nozzle 5 are respectively that the major axis 9 of coal nozzle outlet cross section is 45 ° (Fig. 3) with the angle of cut α of the cross section 8 of the descending bed of gas-solid mixing tank passage; The limit of the cross section 8 of the descending bed of the gas-solid at coal nozzle 5 places mixing tank passage and the tangent line at coal nozzle 5 medullary ray intersection point places, the β angle that forms with coal nozzle 5 medullary rays is 90 ° (Fig. 2); The angle of cut γ of the cross section 8 of the descending bed of coal nozzle 5 medullary rays and gas-solid hybrid channel is 0 °.
Plasma torch output rating 1.8MW, coal dust operational throughput 800kg/h.Power-on, produce plasma jet, after operating parameterss such as question response device internal pressure and wall temperature are stable, open the coal dust transfer line, open the preceding coal dust accelerating gas pipeline of nozzle simultaneously, unlatching is positioned at the coke cleaning device of coal inlet below, coal dust is injected plasma jet through coal nozzle 5, normally move 1h after, each operating parameters of reactor is normal, the mixing tank of the coal nozzle that is installed in equal height 5 under the equal operational condition of maximum gas forming amount improves 5%, therebetween product gas is taken a sample.After operation for some time, close the coal dust pipeline, powered-down.After the device cooling to be mixed, take reactor apart and observe, near the slight coking coal inlet, slight coking in the hybrid channel.To the product gas sample analysis of obtaining, concentration of acetylene (V/V) 7.90～9.00% improved 1.6% more originally; System is accounted, and coal dust transformation efficiency 30% during by mixing tank of the coal nozzle 5 that was installed in equal height originally brings up to 36%.
A kind of thermal plasma and coal dust mixed structure that is applied to coal preparing ethyne by cracking process, comprise plasma torch 1, thermal plasma jet mixing zone 2, the descending bed of gas-solid mixing tank passage 3, be positioned at plasma torch 1 below, be looped around the descending bed of gas-solid mixing tank passage 3 thermal plasma jets coal nozzle 5 all around, and the screening stream member 10 (Fig. 5) that is positioned at each 15mm place above the coal nozzle 5.Coal nozzle distributes as shown in Figure 2, the 15mm place stream of screening member 10 is arranged at each above the coal nozzle 5, the cross section 8 of the descending bed of gas-solid mixing tank passage is oval, this ellipse is with thermal plasma flow direction even variation, the maximum long 120mm of transverse, the long 80mm of minor axis, the minimum long 60mm of transverse, the long 30mm of minor axis; The number of coal nozzle 5 is 6, be installed in cross section 8 places of the descending bed of the gas-solid mixing tank passage of sustained height, the long 80mm of this place's cross section transverse, the long 40mm of minor axis, major axis and minor axis ratio are 2, and the ratio of the section girth P of cross section and 1/2 power of cross-sectional area A is 3.87; The outlet cross section of coal nozzle 5 is wide flat, it for long 15.6mm, long-width ratio 6 rectangle, the ratio of 1/2 power of section girth P and cross-sectional area A is 5.72, three space mounting angles of coal nozzle 5 are respectively that the major axis 9 of coal nozzle outlet cross section is 45 ° (Fig. 3) with the angle of cut α of the cross section 8 of the descending bed of gas-solid mixing tank passage; The limit of the descending bed of the gas-solid at coal nozzle 5 places mixing tank channel cross-section 8 and the tangent line at coal nozzle 5 medullary ray intersection point places, the β angle that forms with coal nozzle 5 medullary rays is 90 ° (Fig. 2); The angle of cut γ of the cross section 8 of the descending bed of coal nozzle 5 medullary rays and gas-solid mixing tank passage is 0 °.The number that hides stream member 10 is 6, is installed in cross section 8 places of the descending bed of the gas-solid mixing tank passage of coal nozzle 5 top 15mm height.
Plasma torch output rating 1.8MW, coal dust operational throughput 800kg/h.Power-on, produce the thermal plasma jet, after operating parameterss such as question response device internal pressure and wall temperature are stable, open the coal dust transfer line, open the preceding coal dust accelerating gas pipeline of nozzle simultaneously, unlatching is positioned at the coke cleaning device of coal inlet below, coal dust is injected plasma jet through coal nozzle 5, normally move 1h after, each operating parameters of reactor is normal, the mixing tank that nothing under the equal operational condition of maximum gas forming amount hides the stream member improves 30%, therebetween product gas is taken a sample.After operation for some time, close the coal dust pipeline, powered-down.After the device cooling to be mixed, take reactor apart and observe, coal inlet does not have the coking situation, slight coking in the hybrid channel.To the product gas sample analysis of obtaining, concentration of acetylene (V/V) 8.60～9.20% improved 5% more originally; System is accounted, the coal dust transformation efficiency hide by the nothing under the operational condition such as original the stream member mixing tank 30% bring up to 37%.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of thermal plasma and coal dust mixed structure that is applied to coal preparing ethyne by cracking process, comprise plasma torch (1), thermal plasma jet mixing zone (2), the descending bed of gas-solid mixing tank passage (3), and be positioned at below the plasma torch (1), be looped around the interior thermal plasma jet of gas-solid descending bed mixing tank passage (3) coal nozzle (5) all around, it is characterized in that, coal nozzle (5) is installed on 1～6 cross section of identical or different height of the descending bed of gas-solid mixing tank passage (3) inwall, divide 2～3 layers of distribution, every layer of distance is 2～50mm, and its setting angle can be adjusted in whole spatial dimension; 1～16 of logical heat-eliminating medium hid the stream member in 0～20mm place, coal nozzle (5) top was equipped with; The major axis of coal nozzle (5) outlet cross section and the cross section of gas-solid descending bed mixing tank passage (3) have angle of cut α, the periphery of the descending bed of the gas-solid at coal nozzle (5) place mixing tank passage (3) cross section becomes angle of cut β with the tangent line at coal nozzle (5) medullary ray intersection point place with coal nozzle (5) medullary ray, and the cross section of coal nozzle (5) medullary ray and gas-solid descending bed mixing tank passage (3) has angle of cut γ.
2, mixed structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the number of described plasma torch (1) is 1～6.
3, mixed structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described coal nozzle (5) number is 2～16.
4, mixed structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described coal dust is a kind of in feed coal, coal and powdery waste plastic mixture, coal and powdery biomass mixture, coal and the pulverized petroleum coke mixture.
5, mixed structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described heat-eliminating medium is a kind of in high pressure water, salt solution, buck or the machine oil.
6, mixed structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described coal nozzle (5) exports the wide flat that is shaped as of cross section, and the ratio of 1/2 power of section girth P and cross-sectional area A is 4.5～9.5.
7, mixed structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the cross section of the descending bed of described gas-solid mixing tank passage (3) be shaped as two-dimensional closed figure, promptly circle, oval, fillet is arc, fillet is fan-shaped and the fillet Polygons in a kind of.
8, mixed structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the ratio of 1/2 power of described gas-solid descending bed mixing tank passage (3) section girth P and cross-sectional area A is 3.55～7, and the ratio of cross section major axis and minor axis is 1～8.
9, mixed structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described angle of cut α, the angular range of β and γ are respectively 0 °～45 °, 45 °～135 ° and-45 °～45 °.
10, mixed structure according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, described major axis is defined as the straight line that has 2 places of ultimate range in the descending bed of gas-solid mixing tank passage (3) cross section, and minor axis is defined as the straight line that has 2 places of minor increment in the descending bed of gas-solid mixing tank passage (3) cross section.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102068953A (en) * | 2010-11-18 | 2011-05-25 | 清华大学 | Millisecond rapid cooling device applied to coal pyrolysis process of plasmas |
| CN104451762A (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2015-03-25 | 中国科学技术大学先进技术研究院 | Device for preparing acetylene through pulverized coal pyrolysis by electric arc |
| CN108659579A (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2018-10-16 | 宁波德泰化学有限公司 | A kind of manufacturing method of environmentally-friecarbon carbon black |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1240647C (en) * | 2004-09-17 | 2006-02-08 | 太原理工大学 | Apparatus and process for producing acetylene by plasma pyrolysis of coal and natural gas |
| CN100445244C (en) * | 2006-07-19 | 2008-12-24 | 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 | Method and structure of preventing channel of reactor for preparing ethyne by cracking plasma coal from coking |
| CN101050385B (en) * | 2007-05-11 | 2010-12-29 | 华东理工大学 | Burner of possessing multiplepath entrances of solid fuel, and application |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102068953A (en) * | 2010-11-18 | 2011-05-25 | 清华大学 | Millisecond rapid cooling device applied to coal pyrolysis process of plasmas |
| CN102068953B (en) * | 2010-11-18 | 2013-10-16 | 清华大学 | Millisecond rapid cooling device applied to coal pyrolysis process of plasmas |
| CN104451762A (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2015-03-25 | 中国科学技术大学先进技术研究院 | Device for preparing acetylene through pulverized coal pyrolysis by electric arc |
| CN108659579A (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2018-10-16 | 宁波德泰化学有限公司 | A kind of manufacturing method of environmentally-friecarbon carbon black |
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