CN105284847A - 一种防治柑橘害螨的方法 - Google Patents

一种防治柑橘害螨的方法 Download PDF

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CN105284847A
CN105284847A CN201510605278.6A CN201510605278A CN105284847A CN 105284847 A CN105284847 A CN 105284847A CN 201510605278 A CN201510605278 A CN 201510605278A CN 105284847 A CN105284847 A CN 105284847A
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谢绪叶
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种防治柑橘害螨的方法将活性成分为阿维菌素、唑螨酯和氟虫脲的农药制剂混合起来，兑水后均匀喷洒于柑橘叶片上，至叶片湿润为止；所述的阿维菌素、唑螨酯和氟虫脲三种活性成分的重量比为1-2:6-9:5-9。本发明所述的阿维菌素、唑螨酯和氟虫脲的作用机理不同，合理混配具有明显的协同增效作用，能大幅提高药效，降低农药亩用量，从而减小了对环境的不良影响和农药残留，延长了药效的持续时间，同时解决了单一药剂不能覆盖红蜘蛛各个生长周期的缺陷。

Description

一种防治柑橘害螨的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种防治柑橘害螨的方法。
背景技术
近年来,随着柑橘的市场价格不断提高,柑橘种植面积也不断扩大,因此频繁用药、用药剂量不断增大也越来越普遍。目前危害柑橘的主要害虫是红蜘蛛,柑橘红蜘蛛也称为柑橘全爪螨，成螨、若螨、幼螨聚集在叶片、嫩枝和果皮上汲取汁液，被害叶片呈现许多灰白色小斑点，严重时全叶灰白色，造成大量落叶和枯梢，影响树势和产量。危害果实时，果实表面布满灰白色失绿斑点，全果苍白，影响产量。红蜘蛛因其繁殖能力很强、生命周期较短、常年频发，长期使用单一药剂使得红蜘蛛抗性加快而使药效明显下降。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是，提供一种高效低毒、持效期长，亩用成本低，能有效防治柑橘害螨的方法。
本发明解决上述技术问题所采取的技术方案是：一种防治柑橘害螨的方法，将活性成分为阿维菌素、唑螨酯和氟虫脲的农药制剂混合起来，兑水后均匀喷洒于柑橘叶片上，至叶片湿润为止；所述的阿维菌素、唑螨酯和氟虫脲三种活性成分的重量比为1-2:6-9:5-9。
所述的农药制剂为悬浮剂或微乳剂。
本发明有以下优点和显著效果，阿维菌素、唑螨酯和氟虫脲的作用机理不同，合理混配具有明显的协同增效作用，能大幅提高药效，降低农药亩用量，从而减小了对环境的不良影响和农药残留，延长了药效的持续时间，同时解决了单一药剂不能覆盖红蜘蛛各个生长周期的缺陷。
具体实施方式
下面以测定杀虫剂活性的室内联合毒力测定试验及大田药效试验对本发明的技术方案和技术效果作进一步说明，本发明所述的百分比均为重量百分比。
实施例1：阿维菌素、唑螨酯和氟虫脲及不同配比对柑橘全爪螨的毒力测定
试验方法参照《中华人民共和国农业行业标准NY/T1154.12-2006》。采自田间的柑橘全爪螨雌成螨，经过室内饲养三十代，挑选生长均匀一致的雌成螨作为供试虫。采用小苗法，即在小盆柑橘苗上接全爪螨50-60头螨，1天后检查基数，挑除死亡螨后，补添活成螨，保留每处理螨数为50头左右。将有螨的苗使用喷雾塔进行喷雾，移入25℃、相对湿度90％条件下培养，15天后检查，记录存活数，用DPS数据处理软件进行统计分析，计算回归曲线、求出LC50，采用孙云沛等1960年提出的共毒系数法(CTC)来评价药剂混用的增效作用。共毒系数的计算公式如下：
实测毒力指数(ATI)＝(标准药剂LC50/供试药剂LC50)×100
理论毒力指数(TTI)＝A药剂ATI×混剂中A的百分含量+B药剂ATI×混剂中B的百分含量
共毒系数(CTC)＝(混剂ATI/混剂TTI)×100
当CTC≤80，组合物表现为拮抗作用，当80＜CTC＜120，组合物表现为相加作用，
当CTC≥120，组合物表现为增效作用。
试验结果见表1。
表1阿维菌素、唑螨酯、氟虫脲及不同配比对柑橘全爪螨的毒力测定(15天)
供试药剂 配比 回归方程(y＝a+bx) 相关系数 LC50(mg/L) 共毒系数
阿维菌素(A) / y＝4.1335+1.6461x 0.9956 3.36 /
唑螨酯(B) / y＝4.2696+0.9868x 0.9980 5.50 /
氟虫脲(C) / y＝2.8987+1.5595x 0.9916 22.25 /
A:B:C 1:6:5 y＝3.5666+2.0560x 0.9984 4.98 149.3
A:B:C 2:8:5 y＝3.5943+2.1123x 0.9901 4.63 142.4
A:B:C 1:9:8 y＝3.9835+1.6041x 0.9884 4.30 182.4
A:B:C 1:7:6 y＝3.8812+1.6317x 0.9897 4.85 156.9
A:B:C 2:9:9 y＝3.6041+1.8624x 0.9942 5.62 135.0
A:B:C 2:7:9 y＝3.8004+1.6511x 0.9957 5.33 148.6
由表1可见，阿维菌素、唑螨酯和氟虫脲的重量比在1-2:6-9:5-9之间进行混配时，各个配比共毒系数均达到了120以上，组合物对柑橘全爪螨的毒力表现为明显的增效作用。
实施例215％阿维菌素·唑螨酯·氟虫脲悬浮剂的配制方法及药剂田间试验
称取2％阿维菌素、8％唑螨酯、5％氟虫脲、4％烷基酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙烯醚(分散剂)、3％烷基酚聚氧乙烯基醚磷酸酯(润湿剂)、1.5％聚乙烯醇(增稠剂)、0.3％有机硅消泡剂，去离子水加至100％重量份。上述原料经混合，高速剪切分散30min，用砂磨机砂磨后制得15％阿维菌素·唑螨酯·氟虫脲悬浮剂。
将制备成的15％阿维菌素·唑螨酯·氟虫脲悬浮剂防治柑橘红蜘蛛的田间药效试验,验证该药剂对柑橘红蜘蛛的防治效果、有效剂量及对柑橘树的安全性,试验点为四川广元，防治对象为柑橘红蜘蛛,采用常规方法进行均匀喷雾，试验共设4个处理，每个处理4次重复。于施药前调查田间虫口基数，药后1天、7天和21天分别调查残留活虫数，调查时每个小区查2株，每株按东西南北4个方位分别查5片叶，每小区共查40片叶，记载活螨数，进行防治效果统计，计算方法如下：
式中:PT0--------处理区药前；PT1-----处理区药后
CK0--------对照区药前；CK1-----对照区药后
试验结果见表2
表215％阿维菌素·唑螨酯·氟虫脲悬浮剂防治柑橘全爪螨的田间药效试验。
田间试验表明，15％阿维菌素·唑螨酯·氟虫脲悬浮剂对柑橘红蜘蛛有较显著的防治效果，其20000倍的防治效果明显优于对照药剂5％阿维菌素悬浮剂、5％唑螨酯悬浮剂、5％氟虫脲悬浮剂5000倍的防治效果，这说明阿维菌素、唑螨酯与氟虫脲混配后具有明显的协同增效作用，提高了对柑橘红蜘蛛的速效性及持效期，大大降低了用药量，试验区间柑橘树生长安全。
实施例312％阿维菌素·唑螨酯·氟虫脲微乳剂的配制方法及药剂田间试验
称取1.0％阿维菌素、6.0％唑螨酯、5.0％氟虫脲、4％辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚(乳化剂)、5％烷基酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙烯醚(分散剂)、5％十二烷基苯磺酸钙(乳化剂)、15％环己酮(溶剂)、5％N-甲基吡咯烷酮(溶剂)、5％正丁醇(乳化剂)、1％环氧氯丙烷(稳定剂)，经溶解完全并混合均匀，去离子水加至100％重量份，搅拌后制得12％阿维菌素·唑螨酯·氟虫脲微乳剂。
将制备成的12％阿维菌素·唑螨酯·氟虫脲微乳剂防治柑橘红蜘蛛的田间药效试验,验证该药剂对柑橘红蜘蛛的防治效果、有效剂量及对柑橘树的安全性,试验对象为柑橘全爪螨,试验时柑橘全爪螨成螨比较多,试验共设4个处理，每个处理4次重复，采用与实施例2田间试验相同的喷雾方法、虫情调查方式及药效计算方法。
试验结果见表3。
表312％阿维菌素·唑螨酯·氟虫脲微乳剂防治柑橘全爪螨的田间药效试验。
田间试验表明:12％阿维菌素·唑螨酯·氟虫脲微乳剂对柑橘红蜘蛛有显著的防治效果，其10000倍的防治效果明显优于对照药剂1％阿维菌素微乳剂3000倍、6％唑螨酯微乳剂3000倍、5％氟虫脲微乳剂3000倍，这表明阿维菌素、唑螨酯与氟虫脲混配后，明显提高对柑橘红蜘蛛的防治效果，组合物无论从速效性和持久性都比单剂有很大程度的提高，大大降低用药量,更加省工省本。试验区间,各处理柑橘生长正常,无明显不良影响,用药区与不用药区相比,柑橘的叶片、幼梢、幼果均未发现异常现象,表明供试药剂对柑橘的安全性较好。
综上所述，本发明的组合物是采用3种活性成分复配方案，其活性和杀螨效果不是各组分活性的简单叠加，与现有的单一制剂相比，除具有显著的杀螨效果外，而且有显著的增效作用，速效性高、持效性长，能减缓红蜘蛛抗性的产生，对作物安全性好，符合农药制剂的安全性要求。

Claims (2)

1.一种防治柑橘害螨的方法，其特征在于，将活性成分为阿维菌素、唑螨酯和氟虫脲的农药制剂混合起来，兑水后均匀喷洒于柑橘叶片上，至叶片湿润为止；所述的阿维菌素、唑螨酯和氟虫脲三种活性成分的重量比为1-2:6-9:5-9。
2.柑橘权利要求1所述的防治柑橘害螨的方法，其特征在于，所述的农药制剂为悬浮剂或微乳剂。
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CN101176457A (zh) * 2007-12-17 2008-05-14 东莞市瑞德丰生物科技有限公司 含有唑螨酯和阿维菌素的具有协同增效作用的杀螨剂
CN104824008A (zh) * 2015-05-29 2015-08-12 杨新兰 含噻螨酮和氟虫脲的农药组合物

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CN107467044A (zh) * 2015-09-22 2017-12-15 祝蓉杰 阿维菌素·唑螨酯·氟虫脲悬浮剂的配制方法

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