WO2021196560A1 - 一种星·甲维悬浮剂及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents

一种星·甲维悬浮剂及其制备方法与应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021196560A1
WO2021196560A1 PCT/CN2020/120556 CN2020120556W WO2021196560A1 WO 2021196560 A1 WO2021196560 A1 WO 2021196560A1 CN 2020120556 W CN2020120556 W CN 2020120556W WO 2021196560 A1 WO2021196560 A1 WO 2021196560A1
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emamectin
agent
star
staurosporine
suspending agent
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PCT/CN2020/120556
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨祁云
林壁润
蒲小明
路征
沈会芳
吕永华
张景欣
孙大元
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广东省农业科学院植物保护研究所
中国烟草总公司广东省公司
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Application filed by 广东省农业科学院植物保护研究所, 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 filed Critical 广东省农业科学院植物保护研究所
Priority to US18/279,358 priority Critical patent/US20240215581A1/en
Publication of WO2021196560A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021196560A1/zh
Priority to ZA2022/00285A priority patent/ZA202200285B/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
    • A01N25/04—Dispersions, emulsions, suspoemulsions, suspension concentrates or gels
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
    • A01P17/00—Pest repellants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
    • A01P7/00—Arthropodicides
    • A01P7/04—Insecticides

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of plant protection and pesticides, and in particular relates to a star-emamectin suspending agent and a preparation method and application thereof.
  • Spodopteraexigua also known as Spodoptera exigua, commonly known as Cabbage Brown Spodoptera
  • belongs to the Lepidoptera Noctuidae and it mainly damages vegetables such as Cruciferae, Solanaceae, and beans.
  • the damage to vegetables and other crops has become more and more serious.
  • farmers have used more toxic chemicals for long-term prevention and control, and the dosage and frequency of medication have been increasing, resulting in a rapid increase in the resistance level of beet armyworm and a decline in the control effect. At the same time, it also has an impact on the quality and safety of agricultural products.
  • Emamectin benzoate is a new type of high-efficiency antibiotic insecticide and acaricide synthesized from abamectin B1.
  • Emamectin benzoate has a good control effect on lepidopteran pests such as Pieris rapae and Helicoverpa armigera.
  • the product was successfully developed by Merk&Co. of the United States in 1984 and is currently widely used in production.
  • Staurosporine is an antibiotic produced by the fermentation of Streptomyces strains and has a certain control effect on pests. But so far, there is no related report about the use of staurosporine and emamectin benzoate to control beet armyworm.
  • the primary purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art and provide a star ⁇ amethylene benzoate suspending agent.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a preparation method of the star-emamectin suspending agent.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide the application of the star-emamectin suspending agent.
  • the mass ratio of mycin benzoate is (1-9): (9-1).
  • the mass ratio of the staurosporine and emamectin benzoate is preferably (3-9): (7-1); more preferably (4-9): (6-1) ; Most preferably (7-9): (3-1); Most preferably 4:6, 7:3 or 9:1.
  • the star-amyl benzoate suspending agent may also contain at least one of a wetting agent, a dispersing agent, a wetting/dispersing agent, a thickening agent, a stabilizer, an antifreezing agent, a pH adjusting agent, and a defoaming agent.
  • the total mass of the effective ingredients staurosporin and emamectin benzoate in the star emamectin suspending agent accounts for 2% to 4% of the mass percentage of the star emamectin suspending agent.
  • the wetting/dispersing agent can be used as both a wetting agent and a dispersing agent, and is preferably sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate.
  • the thickener is preferably xanthan gum.
  • the stabilizer is preferably linseed oil.
  • the antifreeze agent is preferably ethylene glycol.
  • the pH adjusting agent is preferably glacial acetic acid.
  • the defoamer is preferably foam enemy.
  • Said star ⁇ emamectin suspending agent preferably contains the following components in mass percentage: 8% staurosporine EC 22.50%-40%, 50% emamectin benzoate 0.4 % ⁇ 1.8%, wetting/dispersing agent 5%, thickening agent 1%, stabilizer 0.5%, antifreezing agent 1%, pH regulator 0.5%, defoaming agent 0.2%, and the balance is deionized water.
  • the said 8% staurosporum emulsifiable concentrate is preferably composed of the following components in terms of mass percentage: 8% staurosporine, 5% Tween 80, 87% n-butanol.
  • the 50% emamectin benzoate is commercially available 50% emamectin benzoate (that is, the mass fraction of emamectin benzoate is 50%).
  • the preparation method of the star ⁇ A benzoate suspending agent includes the following steps:
  • the grinding and pulverization preferably adopts a grinder or a ball mill for grinding and pulverizing.
  • the grinding time is preferably 6 hours.
  • the pests include lepidopteran pests; preferably beet armyworm.
  • the present invention has the following advantages and effects:
  • the present invention uses water instead of organic solvents to uniformly disperse the active ingredients in water with a particle size of less than 4 ⁇ m to form an off-white preparation, the process is simple, and the production cost is low. After spraying, the preparation is distributed on the surface of crops as fine particles, which is more conducive to directly controlling pests and improving the efficacy of the medicine.
  • the star emamectin suspension prepared by the present invention is highly efficient, low-toxic, and pollution-free.
  • the mixed use of staurosporin and emamectin benzoate can reduce emamectin
  • the amount of benzoate enhances the control effect and effectively delays drug resistance. Therefore, mixing staurosporine with emamectin benzoate has good practical significance.
  • Figure 1 is the effect diagram of Spodoptera exigua after treatment with different medicaments; among them, A is Spodoptera exigua after water treatment; B is Spodoptera exigua after treatment with 1% emamectin benzoate EC; C is Spodoptera exigua treated with staurosporine; Spodoptera exigua treated with 2% star ⁇ A benzoate suspension.
  • Figure 2 is the effect diagram of the beet armyworm treated with 2% star and emamectin benzoate for 1 day; A is the beet armyworm treated with 2% star and emamectin benzoate for 1 day; B is the blank control.
  • the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with examples, but the implementation of the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • the medicaments, methods and equipment used in the present invention are conventional reagents, methods and equipment in the technical field.
  • all agents used in the present invention are commercially available.
  • the method for determining the indoor toxicity of the agents involved in the present invention to the second instar larvae of Spodoptera exigua is as follows:
  • the test method adopts the Potter spray method: use the Potter spray tower to spray on both sides, each side treats 1 mL of the agent, settles for 30 seconds, each treatment is set up 3 repetitions, each repetition 30 larvae (2nd instar larvae of beet armyworm), treated with clean water For the control. Put the sprayed petri dish into a constant temperature incubator (temperature: 25° C., humidity: 85%), investigate and record the death of the test insects at 24, 48, and 72 hours after treatment. During the treatment, keep the petri dish moist and add fresh Cantonese cabbage leaves in time.
  • the Sun.Y.P method (1960) is used to determine the best formulation of the compounding agent. The details are as follows:
  • staurosporine that is, an emulsifiable concentrate with a content of 8%
  • staurosporine is composed of the following components by mass percentage: 8% staurosporine, 5% Tween 80,87% n-butanol) and 50% emamectin benzoate (Heilongjiang Jiamusi Xingyu Biotechnology Development Co., Ltd.) were diluted to a certain concentration of liquid (mother liquid 1:100), and then The mass ratios of staurosporine and emamectin benzoate in the mixed system were 1:9, 2:8, 3:7, 4:6, 5:5, 6:4, 7 respectively.
  • the standard single agent is staurosporine or emamectin benzoate
  • the drug supply reagent is a mixed agent of staurosporin and emamectin benzoate.
  • Toxicity Index A's Toxicity Index ⁇ A's Percentage in the Mixture + B's Toxicity Index ⁇ B's Percentage in the Mixture (5)
  • co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) of the mixed agent is ⁇ 120, it is synergistic; 80 ⁇ CTC ⁇ 120, it is additive; the co-toxicity coefficient is ⁇ 80, it is antagonism (Wang Xiaoyi, Wang Yuelong, Ou Xiaoming; pesticide mixture Preliminary study on a practical optimization method for proportioning research; Journal of Pesticide Science; 2005 Issue 1).
  • the 8% staurosporine emulsifiable concentrate preparation (consisting of the following components by mass percentage: 8% staurosporine, 5% Tween 80, 87% n-butanol) 22.50 grams and 50% 0.4g of emamectin benzoate (Heilongjiang Jiamusi Xingyu Biotechnology Development Co., Ltd.), mix well, then add 5g of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, 1g of xanthan gum, 0.5g of linseed oil, 1 g of ethylene glycol, 0.5 g of glacial acetic acid (100%), 0.2 g of foam enemy (polyether defoamer), 68.9 g of deionized water, stir evenly to obtain a mixture; pour the mixture into the grinder (model: FTM-L, 2500rpm), grinding and pulverizing for 6 hours to obtain 2% star ⁇ A benzoate suspending agent.
  • the 2% star emamectin suspending agent refers to a star emamectin suspending agent in which the sum of the effective components of staurosporin and emamectin benzoate is 2%.
  • the 8% staurosporine emulsifiable concentrate preparation (consisting of the following components by mass percentage: 8% staurosporine, 5% Tween 80, 87% n-butanol) 40 grams and 50% 1.6 grams of emamectin benzoate (Heilongjiang Jiamusi Xingyu Biotechnology Development Co., Ltd.), mix well, then add 5 grams of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, 1 gram of xanthan gum, 0.5 grams of linseed oil, 1 g of ethylene glycol, 0.5 g of glacial acetic acid (100%), 0.2 g of foam, and 50.2 g of deionized water. Stir evenly to obtain the mixture; pour the mixture into the grinder (model: FTM-L, 2500rpm), Grind and smash for 6 hours to obtain 4% star ⁇ A benzoate suspending agent.
  • emamectin benzoate Heilongjiang Jiamus
  • the 4% star emamectin benzoate suspending agent refers to the star emamectin benzoate suspending agent in which the total mass percentage of the active ingredients staurosporin and emamectin benzoate is 4%.
  • the 8% staurosporine emulsifiable concentrate preparation (consisting of the following components by mass percentage: 8% staurosporine, 5% Tween 80, 87% n-butanol) 26.25 grams and 50% 1.8 grams of emamectin benzoate (Heilongjiang Jiamusi Xingyu Biotechnology Development Co., Ltd.), mix well, then add 5 grams of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, 1 gram of xanthan gum, 0.5 grams of linseed oil, 1 g of ethylene glycol, 0.5 g of glacial acetic acid (100%), 0.2 g of foam and 63.75 g of deionized water, stir evenly to obtain the mixture; pour the mixture into the grinder (model: FTM-L, 2500rpm), Grind and smash for 6 hours to obtain 3% star ⁇ A benzoate suspending agent.
  • emamectin benzoate Heilongjiang
  • the 3% star emamectin suspending agent refers to a star emamectin suspending agent in which the total mass percentage of the active ingredients staurosporin and emamectin benzoate is 3%.
  • Sun Yunpei's co-toxicity coefficient method is one of the main methods for evaluating the combined effects of pesticides. This method can not only know whether the mixture is synergistic, but also the synergistic effect of the mixture. degree.
  • Staurosporine has various active mechanisms for beet armyworm, has antifeeding and contact killing effects, and has obvious inhibitory effects on its growth and reproduction; its insecticidal activity is highly effective, and its mechanism of action is to induce insect cell apoptosis and deter insects.
  • Amino acid reaction inhibits the activity of acetylcholinesterase and other enzymes, and affects the normal allelopathy of insects.
  • Emamectin benzoate is a highly effective biopharmaceutical synthesized on the basis of abamectin. Its mode of action is gastric It is mainly poisonous and has contact effect. Its insecticidal mechanism is to hinder the motor nerves of pests. Frequent and uncontrolled use of emamectin benzoate will also accelerate the development of its resistance. Therefore, accelerating the development of new pesticide varieties and scientifically and rationally mixing existing pesticides have become effective methods for pesticide resistance management and integrated pest control. The combined use of the two agents can increase the mode of action, which can achieve the effects of antifeeding, contact killing and stomach toxicity. At the same time, the mechanism of action is diversified, and long-term use can overcome the resistance of pests.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种星·甲维悬浮剂及其制备方法与应用。该星·甲维悬浮剂包含星形孢菌素和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐；其中，星形孢菌素和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐的质量比为1～9∶9～1。本发明中的星·甲维悬浮剂中可以添加适量的湿润剂、分散剂、湿润/分散剂、增稠剂、稳定剂、防冻剂、pH调节剂和消泡剂等制成制剂，该制剂高效、低毒、无污染，喷雾后以细小颗粒分布于作物表面，更有利于直接控制害虫，可以减少甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐的用量，增强防治效果，有效延缓抗药性。

Description

一种星·甲维悬浮剂及其制备方法与应用 技术领域
本发明属于植物保护及农药技术领域，特别涉及一种星·甲维悬浮剂及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
甜菜夜蛾(Spodopteraexigua)，又名为贪夜蛾，俗称白菜褐夜蛾，属于鳞翅目夜蛾科，主要危害十字花科、茄科、豆类等蔬菜。近年来对蔬菜等作物的危害越加严重，农户为减轻虫害，长期使用毒性较高的化学药剂进行防治，而且用量和用药次数不断增加，从而导致甜菜夜蛾抗性水平快速上升，防治效果下降的同时也对农产品的质量安全产生影响。为了找到绿色环保防治甜菜夜蛾虫害的方法，科研人员探讨了低毒药剂和生物药剂的防治作用，期望通过生物化学农药的复配使用，提高防治效果，减少化学农药的使用量，为甜菜夜蛾的防治提供一种新的选择。
甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐是从阿维菌素B1开始合成的一种新型高效抗生素类杀虫、杀螨剂。甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐对菜青虫、棉铃虫等鳞翅目害虫有很好的防治效果，该产品于1984年由美国Merk&Co.公司开发成功，目前生产上应用十分广泛。星形孢菌素由链霉菌属菌株发酵产生的一种抗生素，对害虫有一定的防治效果。但到目前为止，尚未有星形孢菌素与甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐混配用于防治甜菜夜蛾的相关报道。
发明内容
本发明的首要目的在于克服现有技术的缺点与不足，提供一种星·甲维悬浮剂。
本发明的另一目的在于提供所述星·甲维悬浮剂的制备方法。
本发明的另再一目的在于提供所述星·甲维悬浮剂的应用。
本发明的目的通过下述技术方案实现：一种星·甲维悬浮剂，包含星形孢菌素和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐；其中，星形孢菌素和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐的质量比为(1～9)∶(9～1)。
所述的星形孢菌素和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐的质量比优选为(3～9)∶ (7～1)；更优选为(4～9)∶(6～1)；最优选为(7～9)∶(3～1)；最最优选为4:6，7:3或9:1。
所述的星·甲维悬浮剂还可以含有湿润剂、分散剂、湿润/分散剂、增稠剂、稳定剂、防冻剂、pH调节剂和消泡剂中的至少一种。
所述的星·甲维悬浮剂中有效成分星形孢菌素和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐的质量之和占所述星·甲维悬浮剂的质量百分比2％～4％。
所述的湿润/分散剂既可以作为湿润剂使用，又可以作为分散剂使用，优选为十二烷基苯磺酸钠。
所述的增稠剂优选为黄原胶。
所述的稳定剂优选为亚麻油。
所述的防冻剂优选为乙二醇。
所述的pH调节剂优选为冰醋酸。
所述的消泡剂优选为泡敌。
所述的星·甲维悬浮剂，优选为包含如下质量百分比计的组分：含量8％的星形孢菌素乳油22.50％～40％，50％甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐0.4％～1.8％，湿润/分散剂5％，增稠剂1％，稳定剂0.5％，防冻剂1％，pH调节剂0.5％，消泡剂0.2％，余量为去离子水。
所述的含量8％的星形孢菌乳油优选为由如下按质量百分数计的组分组成：8％的星形孢菌素，5％吐温80，87％正丁醇。
所述的50％甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐为市售50％甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(即甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐的质量分数为50％)。
所述的星·甲维悬浮剂的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
将星形孢菌素和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐混合均匀，然后加入湿润/分散剂、增稠剂、稳定剂、防冻剂、pH调节剂，消泡剂和去离子水搅拌均匀，得到混合物；再将混合物研磨粉碎，得到星·甲维悬浮剂。
所述的研磨粉碎优选采用研磨机或球磨机进行研磨粉碎。
所述的研磨粉碎的时间优选为6小时。
所述的星·甲维悬浮剂在防治害虫中的应用。
所述的害虫包括鳞翅目害虫；优选为甜菜夜蛾。
本发明相对于现有技术具有如下的优点及效果：
(1)本发明以水代替有机溶剂，使有效成分在4μm以下的粒径均匀分散在水中，形成灰白色制剂，工艺简单，生产成本低。该制剂喷雾后，以细小颗粒分 布于作物表面，更有利于直接控制害虫，提高药效。
(2)本发明制备的星·甲维悬浮剂高效、低毒、无污染，将星形孢菌素和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐混配使用，可以减少甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐的用量，增强了防治效果，有效延缓抗药性，因此，将星形孢菌素与甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐混配，有良好的实践意义。
附图说明
图1是不同药剂处理后甜菜夜蛾的效果图；其中，A为清水处理后的甜菜夜蛾；B为1％甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐乳油处理后的甜菜夜蛾；C为星形孢菌素处理后的甜菜夜蛾；D为2％的星·甲维悬浮剂处理后的甜菜夜蛾。
图2是2％星·甲维悬浮剂处理甜菜夜蛾1天后的效果图；其中，A为2％星·甲维悬浮剂处理1天后的甜菜夜蛾；B为空白对照。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细的描述，但本发明的实施方式不限于此。除非特别说明，本发明采用的药剂、方法和设备为本技术领域常规试剂、方法和设备。除非特别说明，本发明所用药剂均可通过市售获得。
如无特殊说明，本发明中的百分比(％)均为质量百分比。
本发明中涉及的药剂对甜菜夜蛾2龄幼虫的室内毒力测定方法如下：
试验方法采用Potter喷雾法：利用Potter喷雾塔进行双面喷雾，每面处理药剂1mL，沉降30s，每处理设3次重复，每个重复30头幼虫(甜菜夜蛾2龄幼虫)，以清水处理为对照。将喷雾后的培养皿放入恒温培养箱中(温度：25℃，湿度：85％)，处理后24、48和72h调查并记录试虫的死亡情况。处理期间要保持培养皿湿润，并及时补充新鲜广东菜心叶片。
按公式(1)计算死亡率，按Abbott公式计算校正死亡率，用EXCEL进行毒力回归计算。公式(2)为Abbott计算公式。
Figure PCTCN2020120556-appb-000001
Abbott公式计算公式如下：
Figure PCTCN2020120556-appb-000002
实施例1混配药剂的最佳配比的测定
采用Sun.Y.P法(1960)确定混配药剂的最佳配方，具体如下：
按下述方法配置单剂浓度梯度：首先将星形孢菌素(即含量8％的乳油制剂，由如下按质量百分数计的组分组成：8％的星形孢菌素，5％吐温80，87％正丁醇)和50％甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐原药(黑龙江佳木斯兴宇生物技术开发有限公司)分别稀释成一定浓度的药液(母液1:100)，然后分别按混合体系中星形孢菌素与甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐的质量比为1：9、2：8、3：7、4：6、5：5、6：4、7：3、8：2、9：1(即纯品质量比)等9个浓度配比进行混合，得全部配比混剂的浓度梯度，测定出各配比混配药剂的对甜菜夜蛾2龄幼虫的致死中浓度(LC 50)，以单独星形孢菌素(10:0)和单独甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(0:10)为对照，然后用毒力指数计算(A+B)混剂的联合毒力；其中，A代表星形孢菌素，B代表甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐。
Figure PCTCN2020120556-appb-000003
式中，标准单剂为星形孢菌素或甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐；供药试剂为星形孢菌素和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐的混配药剂。
Figure PCTCN2020120556-appb-000004
理论(A+B)的毒力指数(TTI)＝A的毒力指数×A在混剂中所占的百分率+B的毒力指数×B在混剂中所占的百分率(5)
Figure PCTCN2020120556-appb-000005
若混配药剂的共毒系数(CTC)≥120，表现为增效作用；80<CTC<120，为相加作用；共毒系数≤80，为拮抗作用(王小艺,王跃龙,欧晓明；农药混剂配比研究的一种实用寻优方法初探；农药学学报；2005年1期)。
结果如表1所示：实验结果表明，星形孢菌素与甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐按质量比(折百)3～9∶7～1配比使用都有增效作用，星形孢菌素与甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐优选按质量比(折百)7～9∶3～1配比使用；当星形孢菌素与甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐按9：1的有效成分比例混配时共毒系数最高，为331.11(见表1)。
表1星形孢菌素与甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐复配的共毒系数
Figure PCTCN2020120556-appb-000006
实施例2
将含量8％的星形孢菌素乳油制剂(由如下按质量百分数计的组分组成：8％的星形孢菌素，5％吐温80，87％正丁醇)22.50克和50％甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(黑龙江佳木斯兴宇生物技术开发有限公司)0.4克混合均匀，然后加入十二烷基苯磺酸钠5克、黄原胶1克、亚麻油0.5克、乙二醇1克、冰醋酸(100％)0.5克、泡敌(聚醚消泡剂)0.2克、去离子水68.9克，搅拌均匀，得混合物；将混合物倒入研磨机内(型号为:FTM-L，2500rpm)，研磨粉碎6小时，得2％星·甲维悬浮剂。
所述的2％星·甲维悬浮剂是指有效成分星形孢菌素和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐的质量百分比之和为2％的星·甲维悬浮剂。
实施例3
将含量8％的星形孢菌素乳油制剂(由如下按质量百分数计的组分组成：8％的星形孢菌素，5％吐温80，87％正丁醇)40克和50％甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(黑龙江佳木斯兴宇生物技术开发有限公司)1.6克混合均匀，然后加入十二烷基苯磺酸钠5克、黄原胶1克、亚麻油0.5克、乙二醇1克、冰醋酸(100％)0.5克、泡敌0.2克、去离子水50.2克，搅拌均匀，得混合物；将混合物倒入研磨机(型号为:FTM-L，2500rpm)内，研磨粉碎6小时，得4％星·甲维悬浮剂。
所述的4％星·甲维悬浮剂是指有效成分星形孢菌素和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐的质量百分比之和为4％的星·甲维悬浮剂。
实施例4
将含量8％的星形孢菌素乳油制剂(由如下按质量百分数计的组分组成：8％的星形孢菌素，5％吐温80，87％正丁醇)26.25克和50％甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(黑龙江佳木斯兴宇生物技术开发有限公司)1.8克混合均匀，然后加入十二烷基苯磺酸钠5克、黄原胶1克、亚麻油0.5克、乙二醇1克、冰醋酸(100％)0.5克、泡敌0.2克、去离子水63.75克，搅拌均匀，得混合物；将混合物倒入研磨机(型号为:FTM-L，2500rpm)内，研磨粉碎6小时，得3％星·甲维悬浮剂。
所述的3％星·甲维悬浮剂是指有效成分星形孢菌素和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐的质量百分比之和为3％的星·甲维悬浮剂。
效果实施例
(1)用Potter喷雾法，用实施例2所配的2％的星·甲维悬浮剂按上述方法对甜菜夜蛾2龄幼虫进行毒力测定，毒力回归方程y＝1.6555x+5.8543，相关系数r＝0.9888，LC50为0.30μg/mL。由此说明，星形孢菌素与甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐的混配增效作用明显。
(2)对甜菜夜蛾的盆栽防治试验
挖取大小较一致约有5片叶的甘蓝苗，移栽于网室内花盆中，每盆2棵。移栽7d后每盆接10头以上大小较一致的甜菜夜蛾二龄幼虫。24h后，检查苗上虫量，若有逃逸则补足10头。用手持喷雾器对叶片正反面及茎均匀喷施药液(2％的星·甲维悬浮剂；市售1％甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐乳油；1％的星形孢菌素乳油(由如下按质量百分数计的组分组成：1％的星形孢菌素，5％吐温80，94％正丁醇)，使用浓度为20μg/ml)；以清水处理为对照)，直至叶片滴水为止；其中，2％的星·甲维悬浮剂浓度分别为20、10μg/ml，1％甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐乳油浓度为4和2μg/ml。每处理为3盆菜苗，设3个重复。药后1、3、5d调查叶片上的活虫量，计算虫口减退率和防治效果。
不同药剂处理后甜菜夜蛾的效果如图1所示(处理3d后的效果)；2％星·甲维悬浮剂处理甜菜夜蛾1天后的效果如图2所示。
防治效果如表2所示：从表2可知，施药5d后2％星·甲维悬浮剂20和10μg/ml对甜菜夜蛾二龄幼虫的防治效果非常好。
表2
Figure PCTCN2020120556-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2020120556-appb-000008
国内常用的农药混用联合作用评价方法有很多，其中孙云沛的共毒系数法是农药联合作用的主要评价方法之一，该方法不仅可以知道混剂是否增效，同时还可知道混剂的增效程度。星形孢菌素对甜菜夜蛾活性作用机制多样，具有拒食和触杀作用，对其生长发育及生殖有明显的抑制作用；杀虫活性高效性，作用机制为诱导昆虫细胞凋亡，阻遏昆虫体内氨基酸反应，抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶及其他酶的活性，影响昆虫正常的化感反应；甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐是在阿维菌素的基础上合成的高效生物药剂，作用方式以胃毒为主，兼有触杀作用，其杀虫机制是阻碍害虫运动神经。如果不加节制地频繁使用甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐，也会加速其抗药性的发展。因此，加快新农药品种的开发和对现有杀虫剂进行科学合理混配已成为抗药性治理和害虫综合防治的有效手段。两个药剂配合使用可以增加作用方式，能够达到拒食、触杀和胃毒作用，同时，作用机制多样化，长期使用可以克服害虫的抗药性。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种星·甲维悬浮剂，其特征在于：包含星形孢菌素和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐；其中，星形孢菌素和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐的质量比为1～9∶9～1。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的星·甲维悬浮剂，其特征在于：
    所述的星形孢菌素和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐的质量比为3～9∶7～1。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的星·甲维悬浮剂，其特征在于：
    所述的星形孢菌素和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐的质量比为7～9∶3～1。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的星·甲维悬浮剂，其特征在于：
    所述的星形孢菌素和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐的质量比4:6，7:3或9:1。
  5. 根据权利要求1～4任一项所述的的星·甲维悬浮剂，其特征在于：
    所述的星·甲维悬浮剂还含有湿润剂、分散剂、湿润/分散剂、增稠剂、稳定剂、防冻剂、pH调节剂和消泡剂中的至少一种；
    所述的星·甲维悬浮剂中有效成分星形孢菌素和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐的质量之和占所述星·甲维悬浮剂的质量百分比2％～4％。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的星·甲维悬浮剂，其特征在于，包含如下质量百分比计的组分：含量8％的星形孢菌素乳油22.50％～40％，50％甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐0.4％～1.8％，湿润/分散剂5％，增稠剂1％，稳定剂0.5％，防冻剂1％，pH调节剂0.5％，消泡剂0.2％，余量为去离子水；
    所述的含量8％的星形孢菌乳油由如下按质量百分数计的组分组成：8％的星形孢菌素，5％吐温80，87％正丁醇。
  7. 根据权利要求5或6所述的星·甲维悬浮剂，其特征在于：
    所述的湿润/分散剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠；
    所述的增稠剂为黄原胶；
    所述的稳定剂为亚麻油；
    所述的防冻剂为乙二醇；
    所述的pH调节剂为冰醋酸；
    所述的消泡剂为泡敌。
  8. 权利要求6所述的星·甲维悬浮剂的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：将星形孢菌素和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐混合均匀，然后加入湿润/分散剂、增稠剂、稳定剂、防冻剂、pH调节剂，消泡剂和去离子水搅拌均匀，得到混合物；再将混合物研磨粉碎，得到星·甲维悬浮剂。
  9. 权利要求1～7任一项所述的星·甲维悬浮剂在防治害虫中的应用。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的应用，其特征在于：所述的害虫为甜菜夜蛾。
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