CN105251510A - Efficient visible light-driven photocatalyst and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Efficient visible light-driven photocatalyst and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN105251510A
CN105251510A CN201510692553.2A CN201510692553A CN105251510A CN 105251510 A CN105251510 A CN 105251510A CN 201510692553 A CN201510692553 A CN 201510692553A CN 105251510 A CN105251510 A CN 105251510A
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visible light
powder
preparation
hydrogen sulfide
driven photocatalyst
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CN105251510B (en
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丁建军
陈林
田兴友
孙俊
刘岗
李潇潇
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Hefei Institutes of Physical Science of CAS
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Abstract

The invention provides an efficient visible light-driven photocatalyst, and the chemical formula of the efficient visible light-driven photocatalyst is Y2O2S. A preparation method of the efficient visible light-driven photocatalyst comprises the steps that a precursor of metal yttrium is mixed with deionized water to obtain a mixed solution, a hydrothermal reaction is performed on the heating condition, and filtering and drying are performed to obtain powder Y(OH)3; the powder Y(OH)3 is heated and vulcanized under the hydrogen sulfide atmosphere, and after heat preservation is performed, the visible light-driven photocatalyst Y2O2S is obtained. According to the efficient visible light-driven photocatalyst and the preparation method thereof, the visible light-driven photocatalyst Y2O2S prepared through the two-step method has the high absorption property in the visible light wave band and can efficiently degrade organic dye under excitation of visible light; the structural and photocatalytic stability is high, no change is generated in the structure and the photocatalytic activity is still kept at the very high level along with prolonging of the illumination time; the photocatalytic degradation property on the organic dye is greatly improved compared with Y2O2S prepared through a one-step method, and meanwhile the particle size is more uniform.

Description

A kind of efficient visible light Catalysts and its preparation method
Technical field
The present invention relates to photochemical catalyst field, particularly efficient visible light catalyst Y 2o 2s and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Environmental pollution and energy shortage are the required significant challenge solved of the current whole mankind, be China's the Implement of sustainable development strategy want top-priority key subjects.Solar energy has the features such as inexhaustible, nexhaustible and cleanliness without any pollution, if can make full use of solar energy, so energy and environment problem will be alleviated greatly.Current, China is in the stage of industrialization and urbanization accelerated development, to effectively utilize based on the clean energy resource of solar energy and the research and development demand of environmental protection technology particularly urgent.Since Fujishima and Honda Late Cambrian monocrystalline TiO in 1972 2can after photochemical catalyzing on electrode, the people such as Carey are again successfully by TiO 2for Degradation of Organo-pollutants in Water with Photo-catalysis, conductor photocatalysis is subject to rapidly the common concern of various countries' environment and energy research person.In degradable organic pollutant, photocatalysis technology show strong oxidizing property, organic pollution mineralising completely, can directly utilize the advantage such as solar energy, room temperature reaction, be expected to become the approach that a cheapness solving environmental problem is feasible.
In numerous semiconductor light-catalysts, TiO 2there is chemical stability, cheapness, advantages of environment protection, and can, without selectively degradable organic pollutant, be current most popular catalysis material substantially.But TiO 2still there are some defects in actual applications, be mainly manifested in its greater band gap, as anatase structured 3.2eV, only ultra-violet (UV) band is only limitted to the absorption of sunshine, and the visible ray accounting for 43% can not be absorbed in solar energy.
According to band theory, when semiconductor be subject to illumination that photon energy is greater than or equal to its energy gap penetrate time, the portions of electronics in valence band will be excited and transit to conduction band, forms light induced electron and photohole.When light induced electron and photohole migrate to semiconductor surface, will with the species generation redox reaction of adsorbing on semiconductor surface, thus realize the degraded to organic pollution.Can be learnt by this theory, the energy gap of photochemical catalyst is narrower, just can absorb more visible ray, just likely shows stronger photocatalytic activity.But, narrow energy gap can reduce again the redox ability of light induced electron or photohole, (or reduction) ability depends on the position of valence band (or conduction band) because the oxidation of photo-generated carrier: highlyer at the bottom of conduction band show that the reducing power of light induced electron is stronger, and top of valence band is lower shows that the oxidability of photohole is stronger.Find the study hotspot that the visible light-responded novel photocatalyst simultaneously with high light catalytic activity becomes current photocatalysis field.
Metal oxysulfides can be regarded as the result that in metal oxide lattice, part oxygen atom is replaced by sulphur atom, the 3p orbital energy level of its valence-band level primarily of S and the 2p orbital energy level hydridization composition of O.Because the 3p orbital energy level position of S is higher than the 2p orbital energy level position of O, so the valence band location of metal oxysulfides just in time occupy between metal oxide and metal sulfide.Compared with metal oxide, metal oxysulfides has narrower energy gap, can absorb more sunshine; Compared with metal sulfide, metal oxysulfides has lower valence band location, show stronger oxidability, and the photocatalytic degradation of most organic pollution is the oxidation reaction based on photohole.Therefore, metal oxysulfides is the novel photocatalysis material system that a class is very suitable for degradable organic pollutant.
Summary of the invention
The present invention solve technical problem be to provide a kind of efficient visible light catalyst, its structure and stability of catalytic activity high, the visible ray in solar spectrum can be utilized.
The invention provides a kind of efficient visible light catalyst, its chemical formula is Y 2o 2s.
Preferably, described photochemical catalyst is nanometer grade powder.
The invention provides a kind of preparation method of efficient visible light catalyst, comprise the following steps: (A), by the presoma of metallic yttrium and deionized water mixing, obtains mixed solution, then under the condition of heating, carry out hydro-thermal reaction, after filtration drying, obtain powder Y (OH) 3; (B) under hydrogen sulfide atmosphere, by step (A) described Y (OH) 3powder carries out baking process, after insulation, obtains efficient visible light catalyst Y 2o 2s.
Preferably, in described step (A), described metallic yttrium presoma is the insolubility yttrium salt such as the soluble yttrium such as yttrium chloride, yttrium nitrate salt, or yittrium oxide.
Preferably, in described step (A), described heating-up temperature is 120-200 DEG C, and the described reaction time is 1-48 hour.
Preferably, in described step (B), described hydrogen sulfide atmosphere both can be pure hydrogen sulfide gas, and also can be the mist of hydrogen sulfide and inert gas (as nitrogen, argon gas etc.), wherein hydrogen sulfide content be 1-99%.
Preferably, in described step (B), described heating and thermal insulation process is specially: step (B) described powder is warming up to 500-1000 DEG C with the speed of 1-10 DEG C/min, and described temperature retention time is 1-24 hour.
Compared with prior art, the presoma of metallic yttrium mixes with deionized water by the present invention, carries out hydro-thermal reaction, and filtration drying obtains nanoscale Y (OH) 3powder; By Y (OH) 3nano-powder carries out high temperature vulcanized process and insulation, and obtaining a kind of chemical formula is Y 2o 2the visible light catalyst of S.Experimental result shows, the visible light catalyst Y that the present invention is prepared by described two-step method 2o 2s has strong absorbing ability at visible light wave range, fully can absorb the visible ray of 400-500 nanometer, and can efficient degradation of organic dye under visible light conditions.Its structure and catalytic stability high, along with the prolongation of light application time, its structure does not change, and photocatalytic activity still can keep higher level.Continuous light 320 minutes, it still can reach more than 93% to the degradation efficiency of methylene blue.
Although also can Y be obtained by one-step method (directly with hydrogen sulfide sulfidation-oxidation yttrium) 2o 2s, but the uneven meeting of granular precursor size has influence on the dimensional homogeneity of product, light absorpting ability and photocatalytic activity.In the present invention, the presoma of metallic yttrium is first carried out hydro-thermal reaction by aqueous, the nanometer Y (OH) of previously prepared size uniform 3powder, then by Y that high temperature vulcanized process obtains 2o 2s powder, not only particle size is very even, but also shows better photocatalytic activity.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is Y (OH) prepared by embodiment 1 3with visible light catalyst Y 2o 2the X-ray diffraction spectrogram of S before and after light-catalyzed reaction;
Fig. 2 is efficient visible light catalyst Y prepared by embodiment 2 2o 2the photocatalysis performance of S degradation of methylene blue under visible light;
Fig. 3 is efficient visible light catalyst Y prepared by embodiment 2 2o 2the photocatalysis performance of S continuous 4 degradation of methylene blue under visible light.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to understand the present invention further, below in conjunction with embodiment, the preferred embodiment of the invention is described, but should be appreciated that these describe just for further illustrating the features and advantages of the present invention, instead of limiting to the claimed invention.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a kind of efficient visible light catalyst, its chemical formula is Y 2o 2s.Described photochemical catalyst is nanometer grade powder, is preferably 10-100 nanometer.
Present invention also offers a kind of preparation method of efficient visible light catalyst, comprise the following steps: (A), by the presoma of metallic yttrium and deionized water mixing, obtains mixed solution, then under the condition of heating, carry out hydro-thermal reaction, after filtration drying, obtain powder Y (OH) 3; (B) under hydrogen sulfide atmosphere, by step (A) described Y (OH) 3powder carries out baking process, after insulation, obtains visible light catalyst Y 2o 2s.
In the present invention, with the presoma of metallic yttrium and deionized water for reactant, hydro-thermal reaction is carried out.Described metallic yttrium presoma is the insolubility yttrium salt such as the soluble yttrium such as yttrium chloride, yttrium nitrate salt, or yittrium oxide.Described deionized water is solvent, and its consumption is preferably the 50%-80% of reactor volume.
According to the present invention, first by the presoma of metallic yttrium and deionized water mixing, in order to mix, preferably stir 30-120 minute, obtaining mixed solution or suspension.
After obtaining mixed solution or suspension, described mixed solution or suspension are carried out hydro-thermal reaction under the condition of heating, and described heating-up temperature is preferably 120-200 DEG C, is more preferably 140-180 DEG C, the described heat time is preferably 1-48 hour, is more preferably 6-40 hour.The equipment of the present invention to described heating is not particularly limited, and is preferably baking oven.After reaction terminates, filter solution after reaction, preferably dry with after deionized water and absolute ethanol washing, the present invention was not particularly limited the time of described drying and temperature again, preferably at 60-120 DEG C, was incubated 1-24 hour.After filtration drying, obtain Y (OH) 3nano-powder.
Obtain Y (OH) 3after nano-powder, by described powder in hydrogen sulfide atmosphere, heat.Described hydrogen sulfide atmosphere both can be pure hydrogen sulfide gas, and also can be the mist of hydrogen sulfide and inert gas (as nitrogen, argon gas etc.), wherein hydrogen sulfide content be 1-99%, was preferably 10-80%.Described powder is preferably warming up to 500-1000 DEG C with the speed of 1-10 DEG C/min by described heating, is more preferably and described powder is warming up to 600 DEG C with the speed of 4 DEG C/min.After heating, be incubated by powder, described temperature retention time is preferably 1-24 hour, is more preferably 6-12 hour.After insulation, finally obtain visible light catalyst.The described visible light catalyst obtained is nanometer grade powder.
Carry out X-ray diffraction analysis to the photochemical catalyst obtained, result shows, its chemical formula is Y 2o 2s.
Under visible light conditions, utilize the photochemical catalyst obtained to carry out photocatalytic degradation to organic dyestuff, result shows, the degradation rate of the photochemical catalyst that the present invention obtains to organic dyestuff reaches more than 93%, and its Stability Analysis of Structures, can use continuously.
Photochemical catalyst prepared by the present invention, for degradating organic dye, especially can be used for degradation of methylene blue, methyl orange, alizarin red, rhodamine B or has the organic dyestuff of identical chromophore with above-mentioned dyestuff.Compared with conventional oxide type photochemical catalyst, Y 2o 2s not only has very strong photocatalytic activity, fully can also absorb visible ray, and good structure and photocatalysis stability.
In order to understand the present invention further, be described efficient visible light Catalysts and its preparation method provided by the invention below in conjunction with embodiment, protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the following examples.
embodiment 1
Take 3.831 grams of yttrium nitrate (Y (NO 3) 36H 2o), join in 250 ml beakers, then add deionized water to 150 milliliter, stir 30 minutes, make it mix, form transparent solution;
Be transferred to by above-mentioned solution in the inner bag of 200 milliliters of stainless steel cauldrons, liquor capacity accounts for 75% of reactor volume, sealed reactor, and the baking oven then reactor being placed in 160 DEG C reacts 16 hours;
Reacted suspension is taken out, slowly transfers in Buchner funnel, utilize deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol to wash 3 times respectively, then the powder after washing is placed in dry 12 hours of the baking oven of 120 DEG C, obtains Y (OH) 3nano-powder;
Above-mentioned dried powder is placed in reacting furnace, in pure hydrogen sulfide atmosphere, reacting furnace is slowly warming up to 600 DEG C with the speed of 3 DEG C/min, be incubated 6 hours, thus obtain visible light catalyst Y 2o 2s powder.
To the Y obtained (OH) 3and Y 2o 2s carries out X-ray diffraction test, and its result as shown in Figure 1.In Fig. 1, A is Y (OH) prepared by embodiment 1 3x-ray diffraction spectrogram, B be embodiment 1 prepare visible light catalyst Y 2o 2the X-ray diffraction spectrogram of S before light-catalyzed reaction, C is visible light catalyst Y prepared by embodiment 1 2o 2the X-ray diffraction spectrogram of S after light-catalyzed reaction.Described A spectrogram and PDF card #741705 completely the same, there is no impurity, show that the nano-powder that the present embodiment obtains is pure Y (OH) 3.Described B spectrogram and PDF card #241424 completely the same, show that the visible light catalyst that the present embodiment obtains is pure Y 2o 2s, does not have impurity.According to PDF card, the space group of this crystal is P3m1, lattice paprmeter a=0.3784 nanometer, c=0.6589 nanometer.
With methylene blue (C 18h 18n 3sCl3H 2o) for model compound assesses Y 2o 2the visible light photocatalysis active of S.Light source is 300 watts of xenon lamps (Beijing Bo Feilai Science and Technology Ltd.s, PLS-SXE300 type, real output is 47 watts, visible ray power output is 19.6 watts), by external semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens and long pass filter (wavelength >=420 nanometer), thus the exciting light ensureing light-catalyzed reaction is visible ray.
Concrete photocatalysis experimental procedure is as follows: (1) first configures the aqueous solution of methylene blue that one bottle of concentration is 800 micromoles per liter, then 3 ml solns are measured, be injected in 150 milliliters of double glazing reaction tanks, add deionized water to 80 milliliter, thus make the initial concentration of methylene blue be 30 micromoles per liter; (2) in the process stirred, add the Y of 0.05 gram 2o 2s powder, make it be suspended in equably in methylene blue solution, solution initial pH value is about 7.0; (3) before light-catalyzed reaction, stir 30 minutes when unglazed photograph, ensure that methylene blue reaches absorption in photocatalyst surface saturated.Then open recirculation water and light source, start light-catalyzed reaction, and start timing.Used syringe from reaction tank, get solution about 2 milliliters every 10 minutes, carry out centrifugation by centrifuge, on spectrophotometer, then measure the absorbance of solution, just can obtain the concentration of Methylene Blue in Solution in the above-mentioned time period according to absorbance.
To the visible light catalyst Y after light-catalyzed reaction 2o 2s carries out X-ray diffraction analysis, and result as shown in Figure 1.In Fig. 1, B is visible light catalyst Y prepared by embodiment 1 2o 2the X-ray diffraction spectrogram of S before light-catalyzed reaction, C is visible light catalyst Y prepared by embodiment 1 2o 2the X-ray diffraction spectrogram of S after light-catalyzed reaction.As shown in Figure 1, described visible light catalyst Y before and after reaction 2o 2the crystal structure of S does not change, and shows described visible light catalyst Y 2o 2s has good structural stability under visible light illumination.
embodiment 2
Take 2.258 grams of yittrium oxide (Y 2o 3), join in 100 ml beakers, then add deionized water to 70 milliliter, stir 60 minutes, make it mix, form stable suspension;
Be transferred to by above-mentioned suspension in the inner bag of 100 milliliters of stainless steel cauldrons, liquor capacity accounts for 70% of reactor volume, sealed reactor, and the baking oven then reactor being placed in 140 DEG C reacts 20 hours;
Reacted suspension is taken out, slowly transfers in Buchner funnel, utilize deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol to wash 4 times respectively, then the powder after washing is placed in dry 20 hours of the baking oven of 100 DEG C, obtains Y (OH) 3nano-powder;
Above-mentioned dried powder is placed in reacting furnace, in 10% hydrogen sulfide/90% argon gas mixed atmosphere, reacting furnace is slowly warming up to 800 DEG C with the speed of 6 DEG C/min, be incubated 8 hours, thus obtain visible light catalyst Y 2o 2s powder.
With methylene blue (C 18h 18n 3sCl3H 2o) for model compound assesses Y 2o 2the visible light photocatalysis active of S.Light source is 300 watts of xenon lamps (Beijing Bo Feilai Science and Technology Ltd.s, PLS-SXE300 type, real output is 47 watts, visible ray power output is 19.6 watts), by external semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens and long pass filter (wavelength >=420 nanometer), thus the exciting light ensureing light-catalyzed reaction is visible ray.
Concrete photocatalysis experimental procedure is as follows: (1) first configures the aqueous solution of methylene blue that one bottle of concentration is 800 micromoles per liter, then 3 ml solns are measured, be injected in 150 milliliters of double glazing reaction tanks, add deionized water to 80 milliliter, thus make the initial concentration of methylene blue be 30 micromoles per liter; (2) in the process stirred, add the Y of 0.05 gram 2o 2s powder, make it be suspended in equably in methylene blue solution, solution initial pH value is about 7.0; (3) before light-catalyzed reaction, stir 30 minutes when unglazed photograph, ensure that methylene blue reaches absorption in photocatalyst surface saturated.Then open recirculation water and light source, start light-catalyzed reaction, and start timing.Used syringe from reaction tank, get solution about 2 milliliters every 10 minutes, carry out centrifugation by centrifuge, on spectrophotometer, then measure the absorbance of solution, just can obtain the concentration of Methylene Blue in Solution in the above-mentioned time period according to absorbance; (4) by above-mentioned used photochemical catalyst, after taking-up, spend deionized water, at 80 DEG C after drying, repeat the degradation experiment of 4 described methylene blues of step (3).
Fig. 2 is visible light catalyst Y prepared by embodiment 2 2o 2the Activity Results figure of S degradation of methylene blue under visible light.First, at unglazed photograph and when having photochemical catalyst, through the stirring of 30 minutes, the concentration of methylene blue only declines less than the concentration of 1%, shows that photochemical catalyst is very weak to the absorption of methylene blue.After timing starts, extend adsorption time further, the change in concentration of methylene blue is less, illustrate that absorption reaches capacity, and absorption is negligible to fading of methylene blue, as shown in curve D in figure.Secondly, when having illumination and have photochemical catalyst, the concentration of methylene blue reduces, as shown in curve F in Fig. 2 gradually along with the prolongation of light application time.After the reaction of 80 minutes, the concentration of methylene blue is almost down to 0 by 30 initial micromoles per liter, and photocatalytic activity is close to 100%.Show, visible light catalyst Y 2o 2s has very strong photocatalytic activity under visible light.Again, by Y that one-step method (the direct sulfidation-oxidation yttrium of hydrogen sulfide) is synthesized 2o 2s sample, after the reaction of 80 minutes, the concentration of methylene blue is reduced to 23.81 micromoles per liter by 30 initial micromoles per liter, and photocatalytic activity is about 80%, as shown in curve E in Fig. 2.The above results shows, the visible light catalyst Y that the present invention is prepared by two-step method 2o 2s, in the performance of photocatalytically degradating organic dye, obviously will be better than Y prepared by one-step method 2o 2s, reason is that the former has more uniform particle size, better light absorpting ability.
Fig. 3 is efficient visible light catalyst Y prepared by embodiment 2 2o 2the active effect figure of S continuous 4 degradation of methylene blue under visible light.In Fig. 3, abscissa is Y 2o 2the accumulative service time of S, ordinate is methylene blue concentration; When curve G is first set reaction, Y 2o 2the photocatalysis efficiency of S; When curve H is for reacting for the second time, Y 2o 2the photocatalysis efficiency of S; When curve I is for reacting for the third time, Y 2o 2the photocatalysis efficiency of S; When curve J is the 4th secondary response, Y 2o 2the photocatalysis efficiency of S.As can be seen from the figure, during first set reaction, Y 2o 2the photocatalytic activity of S is close to 100%; When second time is reacted, photocatalytic activity reaches 98%; Third time, when reacting, photocatalytic activity can reach 96%; During the 4th secondary response, photocatalytic activity also has 93%.The above results shows, visible light catalyst Y 2o 2s has good photocatalysis stability at visible ray.
embodiment 3
Take 1.95 grams of yttrium chloride (YCl 3), join in 50 ml beakers, then add deionized water to 30 milliliter, stir 90 minutes, make it mix, form transparent solution;
Be transferred to by above-mentioned solution in the inner bag of 50 milliliters of stainless steel cauldrons, liquor capacity accounts for 60% of reactor volume, sealed reactor, and the baking oven then reactor being placed in 160 DEG C reacts 24 hours;
Reacted suspension is taken out, slowly transfers in Buchner funnel, utilize deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol to wash 5 times respectively, then the powder after washing is placed in dry 24 hours of the baking oven of 80 DEG C, obtains Y (OH) 3nano-powder;
Above-mentioned dried powder is placed in reacting furnace, in 5 hydrogen sulfide/95% nitrogen mixture atmosphere, reacting furnace is slowly warming up to 900 DEG C with the speed of 8 DEG C/min, be incubated 10 hours, thus obtain visible light catalyst Y 2o 2s powder.
The explanation of above embodiment just understands method of the present invention and core concept thereof for helping.It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, can also carry out some improvement and modification to the present invention, these improve and modify and also fall in the protection domain of the claims in the present invention.
To the above-mentioned explanation of the disclosed embodiments, professional and technical personnel in the field are realized or uses the present invention.To be apparent for those skilled in the art to the multiple amendment of these embodiments, General Principle as defined herein can without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention, realize in other embodiments.Therefore, the present invention can not be restricted to these embodiments as herein described, but will accord with principle disclosed herein and the consistent the widest scope of features of novelty.

Claims (7)

1. an efficient visible light catalyst, is characterized in that: the chemical formula of described photochemical catalyst is Y 2o 2s.
2. efficient visible light catalyst according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described photochemical catalyst is nanometer grade powder.
3. a preparation method for the efficient visible light catalyst described in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, mainly comprise the following steps:
By the presoma of metallic yttrium and deionized water mixing, obtain mixed solution, then under the condition of heating, carry out hydro-thermal reaction, after filtration drying, obtain powder Y (OH) 3;
Under hydrogen sulfide atmosphere, the Y (OH) that step (A) is obtained 3powder carries out baking process, after heating, powder is incubated a period of time, obtains visible light catalyst Y 2o 2s.
4. preparation method according to claim 3, is characterized in that: in step (A), described metallic yttrium presoma be selected from yttrium chloride, yttrium nitrate, yittrium oxide one or more.
5. preparation method according to claim 3, is characterized in that: in step (A), and described heating-up temperature is 120-200 DEG C, and the hydro-thermal reaction time is 6-40 hour.
6. preparation method according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: in step (B), described hydrogen sulfide atmosphere both can be pure hydrogen sulfide gas, also can be the mist of hydrogen sulfide and inert gas, and in described mist, hydrogen sulfide content is 1-99%.
7. preparation method according to claim 3, is characterized in that: in step (B), and the temperature of described baking process is 500-1000 DEG C, and described temperature retention time is 6-12 hour.
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