CN105248335A - Schizothoracinae fish fertilized egg incubation method - Google Patents
Schizothoracinae fish fertilized egg incubation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105248335A CN105248335A CN201510836155.3A CN201510836155A CN105248335A CN 105248335 A CN105248335 A CN 105248335A CN 201510836155 A CN201510836155 A CN 201510836155A CN 105248335 A CN105248335 A CN 105248335A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
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Abstract
The invention discloses a schizothoracinae fish fertilized egg incubation method. The method includes the steps that firstly, a hatchery is selected, wherein A, the hatchery should be built on a river beach or mountain spring water downstream bottomland; B, water source construction is carried out, and a sandbank is arranged in the middle of a selected riverway; C, a pollution discharge ditch is distributed, a water channel lower than the hatchery is dredge in an underground area of the hatchery, river water is reserved on an upstream diversion dam and used for the pollution discharge ditch; secondly, the hatchery is built, wherein A, a hatching pond is built; B, a sunshade facility is erected; thirdly, the fertilized egg incubation method is carried out; fourthly, management is carried out. The fertilized egg incubation method includes the steps that firstly, the water amount of the hatching pond is controlled and water quality requirements are met; secondly, after fertilizer eggs basically absorb water, the fertilizer eggs are evenly distributed in the pond and do not accumulate; thirdly, fry which are just incubated are temporarily bred on the spot till the fry start to eat, and the fry are recycled after flat swimming. The method is easy and convenient to use, cost is low, operation is easy and convenient, the semi-natural hatchery is built in the position of a natural riverway, and the requirement of incubation work of hundreds of thousands to millions of schizothoracinae fish fertilized eggs is met.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fish oosperm hatching technique field, more specifically relate to a kind of method of schizothoracin class incubating oosperm.
Background technology
Schizothoracin class be special product in a group cyprinid fish of highlands, Asia, be mainly distributed in plateau lake and rivers unhurried current among.Schizothoracin class body extension, slightly flat-sided or approximate circle tubular; Body by thin squama or exposed, but respectively has the large-scale stern squama of 1 row specialization in the both sides of anus and anal fin, the ventrimeson between two row stern squamas forms 1 crack, thus schizothoracin by name.Schizothoracin class reaches sexual maturity in 3 ~ 6 ages usually, and milter is usually more Zao than raun ripe.There is larger difference mating season because kind is different, and the large quantities of cluster of most kind is laid eggs in 3 ~ May, and namely some kinds start breeding as far back as November, and some kinds can be extended to July breeding period.Be subject to the impact of the unfavorable factor such as hydroelectric development and overfishing, the stock number of wild schizothoracin class constantly declines.For this reason, relevant resist technology research must be carried out.Carrying out artificial propagation techniques research is one of main path recovering schizothoracin class stock number, and incubating oosperm technology is the important component part of artificial propagation techniques.
Under natural conditions, the hatching of schizothoracin class fertilized egg has certain requirement to water temperature, flow velocity, substrate etc., often there is larger difference with natural environment in artificial constructed environment of hatching, makes effect when often not reaching nature hatching during the fertilized egg artificial incubation of schizothoracin class.The hatching m of current schizothoracin has strict requirement to water body physical and chemical index, and the change of any one index all can produce irreversible impact to hatch results.Complicated hatching technique and at high-quality water source, intensive incubation equipment, the input of the aspect great amount of cost such as labor management maintenance constrains development and the popularization of schizothoracin class incubating oosperm technology.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is a kind of method that there are provided schizothoracin class incubating oosperm, method is easy, reduces the cost of hatching.With low cost, easy and simple to handle.Build seminatural hatchery by smooth low-lying position near natural river course or mountain spring remittance mouth, be aided with simple labor management and can meet hatching work that is hundreds thousand of and even millions of schizothoracin class fertilized eggs.
A method for schizothoracin class incubating oosperm, the steps include:
1, hatchery addressing:
A, hatchery should be built in small rivers river shoal or the beach addressing of mountain spring water downstream.Addressing requires: water source is limpid pollution-free, water temperature 10 ~ 18 DEG C, and the water yield is stablized; Substrate is based on the grains of sand (diameter≤5mm), and rubble cobble (diameter≤10cm) is auxiliary, can not have mud; Section physical features is mild, can maintain the dark fine bourn of 10 ~ 15cm after artificial build.
B, water source construction requirement: be greater than 5 ‰ than falling, the section that transverse gradient is greater than 50 ‰, select have shoal or mound in the middle of river course, namely all there is the section of flowing water on bank, two sides.Hatchery is selected in vertical river and moves towards width and be greater than 7 meters and smooth shoal side, and builds diversion dam in this upstream, side, river is caused shoal opposite side.Manually strengthen shoal height (generally higher than hatchery 20 ~ 50cm) according to the river depth of water water yield simultaneously, guarantee that river can not impact region, hatchery.Not directly irrigation channel water is used for hatching, should adopt the infiltration water formed by shoal based on ground potential difference from river.This water-supply method water quality is relatively better, can eliminate people to a certain extent for operation is to river water mitigation, can change water body environment feature greatly simultaneously, form the miniflow water environment that hatching is suitable; When mountain spring is selected at water source, because water quality is excellent, generally can directly use.The flat site at mountain spring remittance mouth place is the first-selection in hatchery, namely can be used for hatching by building flume regulating pondage.
C, blowdown canal layout: for ensureing the moist environment in hatchery, hatchery water outlet drains and the cleaning work in hatchery later stage in time, aqua region under hatchery, according to physical features the position of distance about half meter, hatchery dredge one lower than pond, hatchery at the bottom of the blowdown canal of 5cm.Simultaneously in order to ensure the water yield of blowdown canal, a small amount of river supply blowdown canal should be reserved at diversion dam place, upstream.
2, the construction in hatchery:
A, hatchery are built: in selected section, using fine sand, cobble, rock fragment of brick etc. as pool wall construction material, based on river course tendency, be parallel to the direction of natural flows, set up side by side area 1 ~ 3 ㎡ square hatchery several (according to demand, single batch of every 70,000 ovum about need the hatchery of 10 ㎡, and single hatchery size is good with 2 ㎡/individual).Better permeate shoal to make river and form miniflow water environment, it is good for suitably excavating to obtaining lasting miniflow water downwards at the bottom of pond, from the bottom up, arranges that rubble (diameter≤10cm) grains of sand (diameter≤5mm) are as substrate from big to small successively.Offer at Xia Shuichu and turn over dam, it is installed and prevents escaping net, and according to water yield size adjustment height of dam dam width, make in hatchery, to maintain the dark dynamic water storage environment of 10 ~ 15cm.
B, sunshading facility set up: above hatchery, build sunshading facility (iron plate, plank, the light tight sheet material such as asbestos board), require that whole day is without direct sunlight fertilized egg.
3, method for incubating oosperm:
1) hatchery water quantity regulation and water quality requirement: hatchery water continuous updating (require in pond everywhere dissolved oxygen no significant difference), every day the water yield amplitude of variation to be no more than the 10%(of the water yield on the one as excessive in amplitude of variation, should moisturizing in time or draining), water temperature 10 ~ 18 DEG C, dissolved oxygen > 4.5mg/L.
2) after fertilized egg completes water suction substantially, be evenly spread in hatchery, density according to current and dissolved oxygen situation determine (when dissolved oxygen is greater than 5mg/L, reference value 5000 ~ 8000/m
2).Require that fertilized egg is uniformly distributed in pond, without piling up.
3) fry just hatched is supported on the spot temporarily to fry opening, flat trip namely recyclable.
4, main points are managed:
1) stability of current, depends primarily on the tendency situation of current in the selection of position, hatchery and river course.The substrate that water penetration is good should be selected.Simultaneously when building hatchery, at the bottom of pond, hatchery, lower than the river water surface, the drop of 18cm or 20cm or 23cm or 25cm should be kept.
2) long-time direct sunlight counterincision abdomen fish oosperm has lethal effect, should avoid sunlight before the comprehensive initial feeding of prelarva.When prelarva completes nutrition conversion, should sunlight be opened, solar radiation (mainly sterilizing) be carried out to fry and hatchery, is beneficial to the health of fry.
3) owing to being utilize field condition to carry out incubating oosperm, the control of harmful animal is absolutely necessary a part.The threat that separation net effectively can prevent snakeworm is set near hatchery.Also should note the control of harmful animal when making an inspection tour hatchery every day simultaneously.
4) hatchery should avoid the dead angle of sluggish flow to exist, in order to avoid affect the absorption of fertilized egg to water oxygen gas.
5) one take turns after hatching terminates, hatchery is (bait of throwing something and feeding mainly for the dead ovum occurred in hatching process and when supporting temporarily) by simply rinsing, and supplements the hatching work that new fine sand can carry out a new round.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following characteristics
1) manpower and materials cost is low.The present invention adopts natural water source, naturally hatches place, does not have the cost of equipment such as water source expense and incubator box hatching pail, and labor management expense, place are built maintenance cost etc. and also can be reduced more than 50%.
2) place is once selected, often reusable every year.Facilities Construction is simple and convenient, repeatable strong.
3) method is simple, easy to operate.Do not need complicated management.
4) hatching output is large, and hatching efficiency is high.The multiple batches of actual incubation of membrane rate average 85% of the present invention, incubator box membrane rate average 70%.The parent population of same cultured population is adopted to carry out artificial insemination, hatching efficiency of the present invention (average 6000 tails/m
2) than incubator box (average 3500 tails/m
2) high by 42%.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram at hatching scene, a kind of river course.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram at a kind of mountain spring hatching scene.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical method and advantage clearly understand, for the short hairs schizothoracin incubating oosperm carried out in Panzhihua Guo Sheng township test, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this example.
Embodiment 1:
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, 1 couple of the present invention is described in further detail:
A method for schizothoracin class incubating oosperm, the steps include:
1, hatchery addressing:
State Sheng He is one of natural distribution river of short hairs schizothoracin, is collected form by the limpid spring and snow-broth that are derived from lark mountain.May in annual November to the coming year is dry season, is also the breeding period (March in December to the coming year) of short hairs schizothoracin simultaneously.Because water yield during rainy season set can be increased sharply decades of times, therefore leave a large amount of moist and not by shoal that river is stretched during dry season on sinuous course.This example is selected to have carried out hatching application in the river course of Guo Sheng He Guosheng township section.
In dry season, while state's victory river leaves a large amount of silt in river course, also create the rubble beach that a slice is mild.River channel natural be divided into three rows, the both sides flowing water pulled in shore, centre is rubble beach.Due to the impact of long-term river, right bank hypsography low-lying more obvious than left bank, but river is flowed away in a large number due to the existence on rubble beach from left bank, only leave murmuring a little current at right bank.Again because current never stop, mud does not exist, this natural hatching test field making right bank become excellent.
2, hatchery is built:
First river is guided to left bank: set up dam in right bank upstream, control the trend of current, make most of river flow to left bank.Meanwhile, right bank maintains the existence of certain water yield to keep moistening, easy cleaning mud and dirt.
On right bank limit, rubble beach smooth go out the ground of ten meters of long 2 meters wide, determine under river bed, dig 15 or 17 or 19 or 20cm according to oozing hydropenic situation.Be parallel to water and ooze out the tendency come, set up the hatchery that the length of side is about 1.5m.According to this section situation, be aided with rubble fine sand with the stone of diameter about 8cm for foundation stone, form that about 10cm is wide, the high simple and easy dykes and dams of 15cm.Both convenient differentiation different batches, effectively can ensure again the continuous infiltration of water.At the water exit position in each pond, set up block according to the flow of water depth of water, the dynamic water yield in regulating reservoir, prevents prelarva from escaping on the one hand on the one hand.The final foundation physical features flow of water sets up 7, hatchery (maximum 2.7m
2, minimum 1.5m
2).
3, method for incubating oosperm:
1) water quality analysis: little through monitoring infiltration water variations in temperature every day, average 18.4 DEG C.The average 4.8mg/L of dissolved oxygen.Substantially hatching demand is met.The water yield is stablized.
2) the short hairs schizothoracin fertilized egg completing water suction being spread in hatchery uniformly, without piling up, suitably putting in current, more weak the putting less of corner current more.Total body density about 7000 Li/㎡.
3) at hatching pool side, build the retort stand that 30cm is high, upper attached plank, ensure that direct sunlight can be avoided in each hatchery.Morning, noon and afternoon every day inspection hatchery, confirm whole day sunlight can not direct projection to fertilized egg.Pay close attention to simultaneously and threaten with or without snakeworm, the threat found of nipping in the bud.
4) after incubating oosperm goes out seedling, because prelarva is also very fragile, therefore continue to support temporarily.And suitable be aided with opening material.After prelarva completes nutritional mode conversion, take off sunshading board, the shoal of fish accepts the solar light irradiation of free period.
5) shoal of fish is reclaimed: with fine and closely woven cotton screen cloth, fish is transferred in basin or in bucket, be then namely transferred in fry pond.
6) hatchery cleaning: mainly for the dead ovum in hatching process and the residual bait of opening material.After getting clear water flushing hatchery, korneforos, smooth hatchery again, laid sandstone are in order to using next time.
The present embodiment utilizes the present invention, drops into about 160,000 ovum (fertilization rate about 95%), obtains fry about 130,000 5 thousand tail.Incubation rate reaches more than 87%.
Embodiment 2: 2 couples of the present invention are described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
A method for schizothoracin class incubating oosperm, the steps include:
1, hatchery addressing:
This test is selected at state's victory river bank, mountain spring corrode formed the gently band of similar estuarine delta carry out.Physical features is mild, and after ratchel (diameter > 20cm) cleaning, substrate is based on cobble fine sand.Substrate possesses the grains of sand about having 4 or 5 or 6cm thick.Water yield abundance is stable, and surrounding dense vegetation, has most of the time direct sunlight less than herein.
2, hatchery is built:
In view of the water yield is sufficient, in the brook that mountain spring is formed, parallel two rows, set up according to physical features series connection about 10, the hatchery that the length of side is about 1.5m.Hatchery method for building up is with embodiment 1.Join end to end with each hatchery of row, centre is put and is turned over dam, blocks in dam.
3, method for incubating oosperm:
1) water quality analysis: little through monitoring infiltration water variations in temperature every day, average 16.2 DEG C.The average 5.7mg/L of dissolved oxygen.Substantially hatching demand is met.
2) other steps are with embodiment 1.
The present embodiment utilizes the present invention, drops into about 110,000 ovum (fertilization rate about 95%), obtains fry about 90,000 tail.Incubation rate reaches more than 85%.
Claims (1)
1. a method for schizothoracin class incubating oosperm, the steps include:
1), hatchery addressing:
A, hatchery should be built in river shoal, river or the beach addressing of mountain spring water downstream: water source is limpid pollution-free, water temperature 10 ~ 18 DEG C, and the water yield is stablized; Substrate is with grains of sand diameter≤5mm, and rubble cobble diameter≤10cm, does not have mud; Section physical features is mild, maintains the dark fine bourn of 10 ~ 15cm after artificial build;
B, constructing in water source: is being greater than 5 ‰ than falling, the section that transverse gradient is greater than 50 ‰, select have shoal or mound in the middle of river course, all there is the section of flowing water on bank, two sides, hatchery is selected in smooth and vertical river and moves towards the shoal side that width is greater than 7 meters, and build diversion dam in this upstream, side, river is caused shoal opposite side, manually strengthen shoal higher than hatchery 20 ~ 50cm according to the river depth of water water yield simultaneously, adopt the infiltration water formed by shoal based on ground potential difference from river as Spawning water, or mountain spring is directly selected in water source, the flat site at mountain spring remittance mouth place is hatchery, by building flume regulating pondage for hatching,
C, blowdown canal layout: for ensureing the moist environment in hatchery, hatchery water outlet drains and the cleaning work in hatchery later stage in time, aqua region under hatchery, according to physical features the position of distance half meter, hatchery dredge one lower than pond, hatchery at the bottom of the blowdown canal of 5cm, reserve river supply blowdown canal at diversion dam place, upstream;
2), the construction in hatchery:
A, hatchery are built: in selected section, using fine sand, cobble, rock fragment of brick as pool wall construction material, be parallel to the direction of natural flows, based on river course tendency, set up the square hatchery of area 1 ~ 3 ㎡ side by side, from the bottom up, arrange that stone sizes≤10cm grains of sand diameter≤5mm is as substrate, offers at Xia Shuichu and turns over dam from big to small successively, it is installed and prevents escaping net, and according to water yield size adjustment height of dam dam width, make in hatchery, to maintain the dark dynamic water storage environment of 10 ~ 15cm;
B, sunshading facility set up: above hatchery, build sunshading facility, whole day is without direct sunlight fertilized egg;
3), method for incubating oosperm:
A) hatchery water quantity regulation and water quality requirement: hatchery water continuous updating, every day, the amplitude of variation of the water yield was no more than 10% of the water yield on the one, water temperature 10 ~ 18 DEG C, dissolved oxygen > 4.5mg/L;
B) after fertilized egg completes water suction substantially, be evenly spread in hatchery, density is determined according to current and dissolved oxygen situation, and dissolved oxygen is greater than 5mg/L, reference value 5000 ~ 8000/m
2, fertilized egg is uniformly distributed in pond, without piling up;
C) fry just hatched is supported on the spot temporarily recovery to fry opening, flat trip;
4), manage:
The stability of A, current, depending on the tendency situation of current in the selection of position, hatchery and river course, selecting the substrate that water penetration is good, simultaneously when building hatchery, lower than the river water surface, the drop of 18cm or 20cm or 23cm or 25cm should be kept at the bottom of pond, hatchery;
B, long-time direct sunlight counterincision abdomen fish oosperm have lethal effect, before prelarva initial feeding, avoid sunlight, when prelarva completes nutrition conversion, should open sunlight, carry out solar radiation to fry and hatchery;
C, utilize field condition to carry out incubating oosperm, the threat that separation net can prevent snakeworm is set near hatchery, when making an inspection tour hatchery every day, note the control of harmful animal simultaneously;
D, hatchery should avoid the dead angle of sluggish flow to exist, in order to avoid affect the absorption of fertilized egg to water oxygen gas;
E, one takes turns after hatching terminates, and hatchery, by rinsing, supplements the hatching work that new fine sand carries out a new round.
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| CN201510836155.3A CN105248335B (en) | 2015-11-25 | 2015-11-25 | A kind of schizothoracin class method for incubating oosperm |
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| CN105248335B CN105248335B (en) | 2017-08-08 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109601444A (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2019-04-12 | 中国三峡建设管理有限公司 | Improve the Ecology pond for producing viscid egg fish reproduction |
| CN110663597A (en) * | 2019-10-12 | 2020-01-10 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Site selection and construction method for muddy artificial spawning site of schizothorax prenanti in plateau river |
| CN110771540A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-02-11 | 塔里木大学 | Hatching device suitable for schizothorax biddulphi class |
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| CN109601444B (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2021-03-09 | 中国三峡建设管理有限公司 | Improve bionical attitude pond of laying viscidity ovum fish breed |
| CN110663597A (en) * | 2019-10-12 | 2020-01-10 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Site selection and construction method for muddy artificial spawning site of schizothorax prenanti in plateau river |
| CN110663597B (en) * | 2019-10-12 | 2021-04-23 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Site selection and construction method for muddy artificial spawning site of schizothorax prenanti in plateau river |
| CN110771540A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-02-11 | 塔里木大学 | Hatching device suitable for schizothorax biddulphi class |
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|---|---|
| CN105248335B (en) | 2017-08-08 |
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