CN105244502B - A kind of method that lithium ion battery negative material is prepared by expansible graphite and zinc powder pyroreaction - Google Patents
A kind of method that lithium ion battery negative material is prepared by expansible graphite and zinc powder pyroreaction Download PDFInfo
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- CN105244502B CN105244502B CN201510543453.3A CN201510543453A CN105244502B CN 105244502 B CN105244502 B CN 105244502B CN 201510543453 A CN201510543453 A CN 201510543453A CN 105244502 B CN105244502 B CN 105244502B
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- graphite
- zinc powder
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- expansible graphite
- expanded graphite
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of method for preparing lithium ion battery negative material by expansible graphite and zinc powder pyroreaction, methods described is raw material using expansible graphite and zinc powder, in zinc powder under the temperature conditionss of gas phase, expansible graphite and zinc powder are subjected to pyroreaction, expanded graphite and zinc oxide combination electrode material are prepared, course of reaction controls vacuum environment or is passed through inert gas.The method of the invention is single step reaction method, which overcomes in the prior art using the problem of the step present in expanded graphite and zinc source Moist chemical synthesis is complicated, time-consuming, simplifies step of preparation process；Not exclusively zinc oxide is on expanded graphite surface and the deposition of interlayer, also include redox reaction, by zinc come a part of oxygen in reduction swellability graphite, further reduce expanded graphite degree of oxidation, the zinc oxide of generation improves the specific capacity of electrode material again as electrode material simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation field of lithium ion battery negative material, and in particular to one kind is by expansible graphite and zinc powder
The method that pyroreaction prepares lithium ion battery negative material.
Background technology
Lithium ion battery is more and more applied in the instruments such as electric car, mobile phone, as important in people's life
Energy storage instrument, people are for the requirement also more and more higher of lithium ion battery, and the key for improving performance of lithium ion battery is to change
It is apt to and invents new electrode material.
Graphite is a kind of natural resources of rich reserves, is conventional lithium ion battery electrode material.Graphite is a kind of layer
Carbon carbon atom is connected with covalent bond on shape structure, same layer, is a kind of pi bond connection between layers.Combination between layers
It is weaker.And to be exactly crystalline flake graphite handle such as concentrated nitric acid, potassium permanganate etc. to expansible graphite by strong oxidizer handles, pass through
Dry a kind of graphite oxide that the steps such as cleaning are obtained.The expanded graphite obtained by pyroreaction just has very big specific surface area
With some oxygen-containing functional groups.Expanded graphite is used as encapsulant, Adsorption of Organic material, substitutes normal gauze work
Medical dressing and battery electrode material etc..Expanded graphite is due to being a kind of oxidisability graphite, and electric conductivity is poorer than graphite, individually swollen
Swollen graphite does that electrode material specific capacity is relatively low, but its layer structure is opened, and surface area is significantly increased, and is adapted to the embedding of lithium ion
Enter and prepared simply with deintercalation, it is cheap, it is a kind of preferable electrode material.
Zinc oxide is a kind of transition metal oxide, and theoretical specific capacity is up to 978mAh/g, a kind of to be widely studied
Cell negative electrode material, but the poorly conductive of zinc oxide in itself is difficult to give full play to the height ratio capacity of itself, thus often with conduction
The good Material cladding of property prepares electrode material.
Expanded graphite and zinc source Moist chemical synthesis expanded graphite and zinc oxide composite are utilized prior art discloses some
Method (such as CN103215628A, CN102580715A), but obtained material will by repeatedly washing and drying process,
Step is more complicated；In addition, the consideration based on electrode material, also useful graphene replaces answering for both expanded graphite Moist chemical synthesis
The method of condensation material, but graphene preparation process is complicated, price is high, is not suitable for large-scale application；Further, prior art
In the method for preparing expanded graphite and zinc oxide composite, used expanded graphite still suffer from electrode material specific capacity it is low and
The problem of degree of oxidation is slightly higher.
The content of the invention
To solve above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the present invention provide a kind of one-step method reaction prepare expanded graphite and
The method of zinc oxide combination electrode material.
In view of existing expanded graphite and the step complexity of zinc oxide composite preparation technology, with reference to expanded graphite oxygen
Change degree still have reducible space and zinc simple substance itself characteristic (boiling point at 902 DEG C or so, and high temperature have it is certain
Reproducibility), inventor has found that under the high temperature conditions, zinc powder is changed into gas phase, utilizes the abundant Manzo of expanded graphite by studying
Gap structure and good adsorption properties, by zinc gas phase diffusion in the synusia of expanded graphite；And zinc goes back under utilization hot conditions
Originality, reduction combines the oxygen of expanded graphite；Further, the zinc oxide dispersed deposition of reaction is improved swollen in expanded graphite
The specific capacity of swollen graphite.
Specifically, the present invention relates to following technical scheme：
A kind of method for preparing expanded graphite and zinc oxide combination electrode material, is original using expansible graphite and zinc powder
Material, it is characterised in that mix expansible graphite and zinc powder, carries out pyroreaction in the case where zinc powder is the temperature conditions of gas phase, makes
Standby to obtain expanded graphite and zinc oxide combination electrode material, course of reaction controls vacuum environment or is passed through inert gas.
It is preferred that, in methods described, expansible graphite is ground, relatively fine particle is obtained, then by expansible graphite
It is well mixed by certain mass ratio with zinc powder.
It is preferred that, in methods described, the mass ratio of expansible graphite and zinc powder is 1：2.5~6.
It is preferred that, in methods described, then expansible graphite expansion process is mixed it with zinc at high temperature first.
It is preferred that, this 2 points of the expansion characteristics that gas phase, expansible graphite expand, the design of reaction temperature are changed into based on zinc powder
It is required that between 900 DEG C to 1100 DEG C.
It is preferred that, in methods described, pyroreaction passes through diamond heating, it is also possible to can provide high vacuum environment or fill
Expire the environment of argon gas and the stove of high temperature to replace；It is more highly preferred to, the method that can be advertised using wind-force makes raw material fully anti-
Should.
It is preferred that, in methods described, the material prepared ball milling in ball mill obtains levigate material.
It is preferred that, the present invention provides a kind of method for preparing expanded graphite and zinc oxide combination electrode material, including as follows
Expansible graphite mortar grinder is obtained thinner particle by step, (1), then will weigh expansible graphite and zinc powder presses one
Fixed mass ratio mixes and uses mortar grinder, is well mixed；(2) by diamond heating to more than 900 DEG C of a certain temperature setting
Insulation a period of time, lead to high-purity argon gas, eliminate air in tube；(3) ground sample is put into the quartz glass bottle with plug
In, and be connected with iron wire plug and body, a period of time is dried in an oven；(4) quartz glass bottle obtained in the previous step
It is put into the tube furnace full of argon gas, insulation a period of time, takes out bottle, be cooled to room temperature, take out sample, obtain prepared material
Material；(5) by material obtained above in ball mill ball milling, obtain levigate material.
Wherein preferred, mortar used in step (1) is agate mortar；
It is preferred that, step (1) expansible graphite milling time is depending on the granular size of obtained expansible graphite, typically
Milling time is required more than 30 minutes；
The mass ratio of step (1) expansible graphite and zinc powder is 1：2.5~6.
The fusing point of the design requirement based on zinc powder of step (2) reaction temperature, expansible graphite expansion expansion characteristics this two
Point, preferably any temperature between 900 DEG C to 950 DEG C.
The time of step (2) tube furnace logical argon gas before the step (3) should be according to the volume size and logical argon gas of tube furnace
Speed determine, at least will be more than 20 minutes.
Tube furnace used, which also can use, in step (2) can provide high vacuum environment or environment and the stove of high temperature full of argon gas
Son is replaced.When being reacted in above-mentioned stove, the method that can be advertised using wind-force makes raw material fully react.In addition
The anti-of step (3) can also be carried out first at high temperature by expansible graphite expansion process, then by material and zinc ground and mixed
Should, then take out material and carry out ball-milling treatment.
Step (3) oven temperature is arranged between 60~80 DEG C, 1 hour time.
Soaking time is arranged between 20 minutes to 60 minutes in step (4).
Drum's speed of rotation 1400r/min used in step (5), stops 20 minutes in 30 minutes per spheroidal graphite, at least so repeats 4
It is secondary.
The present invention achieves following beneficial effect：
(1) the method for the invention is single step reaction method, is which overcomed wet using expanded graphite and zinc source in the prior art
The problem of existing step of method synthesis is complicated, time-consuming, simplifies step of preparation process；
(2) the method for the invention, not exclusively zinc oxide are on expanded graphite surface and the deposition of interlayer, in addition to oxidation
Reduction reaction, by zinc come the oxygen in reduction swellability graphite, further reduction expanded graphite degree of oxidation (such as Fig. 5), simultaneously raw
Into zinc oxide as electrode material, the specific capacity of electrode material is improved again.
(3) by charge-discharge test, electrode material prepared by the method for the invention has good specific capacity and cyclicity
Energy.
The present invention improves expanded graphite as the problem of electrode material specific capacity is low and degree of oxidation is high, by a kind of simple
Method prepare expanded graphite and zinc oxide composite, can be with wide variety of, cheap and extensive to obtain one kind
The lithium ion battery electrode material of production.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1：The SEM image of expansible graphite.
Fig. 2：The EDS power spectrums of expansible graphite.
Fig. 3：The SEM image under different amplification of the expanded graphite obtained after 900 DEG C of high-temperature expansions.
Fig. 4：SEM during 1000 times of amplifications of EG/ZnO (a) made from example 1 schemes SEM figures during with (b) 5000 times of amplifications.
Fig. 5：The EDS energy spectrum diagrams of EG/ZnO made from example 1.
Fig. 6：The EDS maps constituent analysis of EG/ZnO made from example 1.
Fig. 7：First three circle charging and discharging curve of (as) of the electrode material EG/ZnO under 100mA/g made from example 1 and (b) are followed
Ring performance curve.
Fig. 8：Expanded graphite does the charging and discharging curve and (b) cycle performance of first three circle of (a) of the electrode material under 100mA/g
Curve.
Embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the invention will be further elaborated.Particularly point out herein, following embodiments used
It is merely to illustrate the application of the present invention rather than the limitation present invention.
Embodiment 1：It is the former material for being used to prepare encapsulant that enterprise routinely provides to test the expansible graphite used
Material, the purity of zinc powder is 99.0%.With deionized water and washes of absolute alcohol experimental facilities.
Expansible graphite is ground 30 minutes with agate mortar, thinner particle is obtained, then will weigh expansible graphite
0.25g and zinc powder 1.5g is mixed and ground with agate mortar, is well mixed.By diamond heating to 950 DEG C, set insulation 1 small
When, during experiment, 20 minutes high-purity argon gas are led to when displays temperature is that will raise to 950 DEG C, air in tube is eliminated.Will be ground
Sample is put into the quartz glass bottle with plug, and be connected with iron wire plug and body, 1 is dried in 60 DEG C of baking oven small
When.Quartz glass bottle obtained in the previous step is put into 950 DEG C of tube furnaces full of argon gas, is incubated 30 minutes, is taken out bottle, cools down
To room temperature, sample is taken out, prepared material (EG/ZnO) is obtained.By material obtained above in ball mill ball milling, balls
Mill speed 1400r/min, stops 20 minutes in 30 minutes per spheroidal graphite, is so repeated 6 times and obtains levigate material.
Embodiment 2：It is the former material for being used to prepare encapsulant that enterprise routinely provides to test the expansible graphite used
Material, the purity of zinc powder is 99.0%.With deionized water and washes of absolute alcohol experimental facilities.
Expansible graphite is ground 30 minutes with agate mortar, thinner particle is obtained, then will weigh expansible graphite
0.3g and zinc powder 0.75g is mixed and ground with agate mortar, is well mixed.By diamond heating to 930 DEG C, set insulation 1 small
When, during experiment, 20 minutes high-purity argon gas are led to when displays temperature is that will raise to 930 DEG C, air in tube is eliminated.Will be ground
Sample is put into the quartz glass bottle with plug, and be connected with iron wire plug and body, 1 is dried in 60 DEG C of baking oven small
When.Quartz glass bottle obtained in the previous step is put into the tube furnace full of argon gas, is incubated 20 minutes, is taken out bottle, be cooled to room
Temperature, takes out sample, obtains prepared material (EG/ZnO).By material obtained above in ball mill ball milling, ball mill used
Rotating speed 1400r/min, stops 20 minutes in 30 minutes per spheroidal graphite, is so repeated 6 times and obtains levigate material.
Embodiment 3：It is the former material for being used to prepare encapsulant that enterprise routinely provides to test the expansible graphite used
Material, the purity of zinc powder is 99.0%.With deionized water and washes of absolute alcohol experimental facilities.
By expansible graphite mortar grinder 30 minutes, thinner particle is obtained, expansible graphite 0.4g then will be weighed.
Diamond heating is set into insulation 30 minutes to 910 DEG C, leads to 20 minutes high-purity argon gas when will raise to 910 DEG C at once, although except
Middle air.Ground expansible graphite is put into the quartz glass bottle with plug, and be connected with iron wire plug and
Body, dries 1 hour in 60 DEG C of baking oven.Quartz glass bottle obtained in the previous step is put into the tube furnace full of argon gas, insulation 5
Minute, bottle is taken out, room temperature is cooled to, expanded graphite is obtained.Zinc powder and expanded graphite are weighed into 0.75g and 0.3g respectively, put
Enter in quartz glass bottle, be stoppered plug, body and plug are tightened with iron wire, fully rocked, zinc and expanded graphite is contacted equal
It is even, quartz glass bottle is put into the baking oven that temperature is 60 DEG C and dried 1 hour.Set insulation 1 small to 930 DEG C diamond heating
When, lead to 20 minutes high-purity argon gas when will raise to 930 DEG C at once, eliminate air in tube.The quartz glass bottle for taking out baking is put into
In tube furnace full of argon gas, 20 minutes are incubated, bottle is taken out, be cooled to room temperature, take out material.Material obtained above is put
Enter ball milling in ball mill, drum's speed of rotation 1400r/min used in ball milling stops 20 minutes in 30 minutes per spheroidal graphite, is so repeated 6 times
Obtain levigate material.
Embodiment 4：Material property is detected and characterized：Material prepared by the present invention is seen with SEM (SEM)
Microstructure is examined, contained element and Elemental redistribution are analyzed with the energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS) of SEM institutes band.The performance of material is by by material
Half-cell is made in material, carries out charge-discharge test, the specific capacity and cycle performance of Knowing material.
Embodiment 5：The preparation method of lithium ion battery half-cell：By obtained electrode material and polyvinylidene fluoride
(PVDF), carbon black is according to mass ratio 8:1:1 ratio is well mixed, with 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE (NMP) as solvent, and slurry is made
Material, is coated on copper foil, 20 μm of thickness, the vacuum drying at 70 DEG C, general insulation 10 hours.With tabletting machine, diameter is obtained
For 12mm cathode pole piece, using lithium metal as negative pole, microporous polypropylene membrane is used as barrier film, lithium hexafluoro phosphate (LiPF6)(EC/
DEC=1：1 volume ratio) it is used as electrolyte.The assembled battery in the glove box full of argon gas, was shelved after 12 hours, was placed on new prestige
Constant current charge-discharge test is carried out on battery test system, current density is 100mA/g, and voltage range is 0.1V-3.0V.
It is found through experiments that, preparation-obtained electrode material is substantially better than the performance of expanded graphite electrode material, and reaches
The performance of expanded graphite that prior art other method prepares and zinc oxide composite has been arrived (referring to Fig. 7, Fig. 8).
Claims (7)
1. a kind of method for preparing expanded graphite and zinc oxide combination electrode material, is raw material using expansible graphite and zinc powder,
Characterized in that, expansible graphite is ground, relatively fine particle is obtained, then by expansible graphite and zinc powder in mass ratio 1：
2.5~6 are well mixed, and carry out pyroreaction in the case where zinc powder is the temperature conditions of gas phase, prepare expanded graphite and zinc oxide
Combination electrode material, course of reaction controls vacuum environment or is passed through inert gas.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that first at high temperature by expansible graphite expansion before reaction
Reason, then mixes it with zinc powder.
3. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that reaction temperature is between 900 DEG C to 950 DEG C.
4. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that pyroreaction passes through diamond heating, or using providing Gao Zhen
Altitude or environment and other stoves of high temperature full of argon gas.
5. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the method advertised in course of reaction using wind-force, fills raw material
Divide reaction.
6. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the material prepared ball milling in ball mill, obtains levigate
Material.
7. method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that drum's speed of rotation 1400r/min used, stops for 30 minutes per ball milling
Only 20 minutes, at least so it is repeated 4 times.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106340626A (en) * | 2016-10-05 | 2017-01-18 | 复旦大学 | High-capacity lithium-stored oxide nano-film composite expanded graphite material and preparation method thereof |
| KR102479739B1 (en) | 2017-04-13 | 2022-12-23 | 엑카르트 게엠베하 | Exfoliated graphite composite coated with ZnO nanoparticles, method for preparing composite and use in Li-ion battery |
| CN107381557A (en) * | 2017-08-16 | 2017-11-24 | 厦门信果石墨烯科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method for mass producing graphene |
| CN114497476B (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2023-08-04 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | Expanded graphite nano-silicon composite anode material for lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102157315A (en) * | 2011-03-21 | 2011-08-17 | 福州大学 | Emitting cathode based on composite material of graphene/zinc oxide nanowire and preparation of same |
| CN102580715A (en) * | 2012-01-10 | 2012-07-18 | 黑龙江大学 | Method for preparing zinc oxide/graphene composite from expanded graphite by stripping |
| CN103215628A (en) * | 2013-04-17 | 2013-07-24 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Method for electro-chemical compounding of graphene and metallic oxide |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102157315A (en) * | 2011-03-21 | 2011-08-17 | 福州大学 | Emitting cathode based on composite material of graphene/zinc oxide nanowire and preparation of same |
| CN102580715A (en) * | 2012-01-10 | 2012-07-18 | 黑龙江大学 | Method for preparing zinc oxide/graphene composite from expanded graphite by stripping |
| CN103215628A (en) * | 2013-04-17 | 2013-07-24 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Method for electro-chemical compounding of graphene and metallic oxide |
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