CN105244413B - Zero refractive index material-based design method for concentrated solar collection device - Google Patents
Zero refractive index material-based design method for concentrated solar collection device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a zero refractive index material-based design method for a concentrated solar collection device. The design method comprises the following processes: firstly, determining the overall dimension and the structural shape of the solar collection device and the placement position of a cell array according to the requirements of track placement, input total power and mean input power of the solar collection device; secondly, carrying out partitioning optimization and fine tuning on the solar collection device by a ray tracing algorithm employing the distribution uniformity of the energy density on the cell array as an index; and finally obtaining the solar collection device with relatively good uniformity. A solar concentrator is used for collecting solar energy in a space solar power station and is relatively simple in overall structure and control; and the space solar energy collection efficiency can be improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to space solar solar collecting device manufacturing technology field, more particularly, to utilize zero refractive material
The method of design space solar energy solar collecting device structure, this solar energy solar collecting device is used for space solar electricity
It is collected solar energy in standing, the total of this solar energy solar collecting device and it is controlled all relatively easy,
The efficiency of space solar collection of energy can be improved.
Background technology
Solar energy is a kind of new renewable green energy resource, adds the problems such as earth resource is nervous, environmental pollution is serious,
If can be to solar energy highly effective using can effectively mitigate resource and ambient pressure.Because the solar energy that the earth receives only has space
The 1/10-1/5 of middle solar radiation energy, and the stripping due to air, energy density is also greatly lowered, and therefore, foundation can be filled
The solar power station (SSPS) using space solar energy resources is divided to be the effective way solving resource and environmental problem.
With correlation space technology such as microwave technology, laser technology, solar cell power generation efficiency, microwave transformation efficiencies
Development, the foundation of future space solar power station has good basis.In whole Space power station system, electric station overall
Quality, collection of energy, conversion and transmission etc. are important influence factors, and solar collecting device turns as the collection of energy of system
The important component part changed, the selection of its material and its structure design affect huge on the quality of efficiency of energy collection and whole system
Greatly, ensureing to meet the requirement of collection of energy total amount, average energy, and on the basis of receiving stable light radiation, how to make too
The structure of sun energy collection device is simple, how to simplify control of which becomes what solar collecting device structure design mainly considered
Two problems.Good solar collecting device structure can preferably simplify whole system, main consideration during specific design
Two problems：One is to try to reduce the impact to collection of energy for the lighting angle；Two be to try to reduce structure in component movement and
Positioning, simplifies control of which.
In conceptual design main in the world at present, the main method of collection of energy has：
(1) non-concentrating solar energy collecting method, specifically uses deploying solar energy cell array Direct to the sun all the time, using rotation
Mechanism maintains the settled date of cell array, affects collection of energy, this solar collecting device system without the angle of radiation with the sun
The structure configuration of system is relatively easy, facilitates implementation power expansion, but energy is transferred to conversion microwave device and needs substantial amounts of cable,
Power attenuation is larger；In addition big power demand is also required to high-power rotating mechanism, and the motor control of whole device is realized not
Easily, need to reduce the size of moving parts.As 1979SPS benchmark system, solar sail tower concept (SPS Tower SPS) etc., adopt
With non-spotlight mode solar energy collecting method, the transmitting antenna holding orientation earth.
(2) Photospot solar collection method, mainly with condenser system to solar energy collecting, by the side such as reflection, transmission
Method makes solar irradiation be mapped to battery surface, adopts efficient cell panel simultaneously, on the one hand meets the requirement of energy density, unlikely
In damage or waste cell panel, the on the other hand also very big area reducing cell array；In terms of transmitting antenna, typically adopt
With collection of energy, conversion, transmitting antenna integrated form, such as sandwich structure, step module etc., with non-spotlight mode solar energy collecting
Method is compared, and this avoid distance power transmission, decreases loss it is ensured that while transmitting antenna is all the time to day,
Also avoid using high-power rotating mechanism.But this method will make the configuration of condenser system and control extremely complex, power
It is not easy to extend, under the requirement of high concentration ratio, radiating also can become problem.As any phased array space solar power station
(SPS-ALPHA) scheme.
In existing various schemes, non-spotlight mode collection method has high-power loss and needs high power rotating mechanism
Defect, although and light collecting collection method for the former, system global optimization, the configuration of complexity and control still
It is so a great problem.The preferable scheme of up-to-date total system employs the thought of modularity and lightness, reduces to controlling
Pressure, but the oriented control of the widgets big to quantity is realized being not easy to.
Zero refraction materials are a kind of new nanostructureds, can manipulate the propagation of light completely, and zero refraction materials enable spy
Determine incident angle section, the total transmissivity of specific electromagnetic wave frequency band or low-loss transmission.
Content of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention is intended to provide a kind of concentrating solar based on zero refraction materials is received
The method for designing of acquisition means, this concentrating solar collection device zero folding incident by full angle can be realized in the range of light wave
The rate material of penetrating is made, and using fixed structure, has the solar collecting device structure of simplification, decreases control to a certain extent
Pressure.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：First, rail is placed by solar collecting device
The requirement of road, input general power and Mean Input Power, determines overall dimensions and the concentration structure of solar collecting device structure
And the placement location of cell array；Secondly, concentration structure piecemeal is finely tuned, every block structure material adopts zero refraction materials, fortune
With biggest advantage of light track algorithm, with uniformity for index, structure is optimized and finely tunes, finally give the preferable solar energy of uniformity
Collection device structure.Its step is：
The first step：Tentatively set up solar collecting device (solar collecting device) structure.
Solar collecting device for certain size needs to improve the efficiency of its collection energy, can control with sheet of material
The radiation direction of sunlight processed, consider each moment enter light efficiency, to the problems such as the control of solar collecting device, plus
The characteristic of upper zero refraction materials thin plate, initial option cross sectional shape to be formed too for the symmetrical structure of the rotary body formation of circular arc
Sun can collection device.Light radiation region therethrough is changed by the curvature and the center of circle changing circular arc.Then built by entity
The model of initial sun energy collection device set up by mould software, and concrete grammar is：Circular arc sectional shape first in two dimension, initially
Key point has three, in selected coordinate system, is designated as P1(0,a)、P2(b,0)、P3(r ,-h), r is the half of disc-shaped battery battle array
Footpath, h is the height position information of cell array, by three initial key points of circular sliding slopes, because material emergent ray is perpendicular to material
Material surface, then the determination of the slope of circular arc just will be irradiated in cell array according to emergent ray；Secondly rotate this two-dimensional section shape
Shape generates the original shape of three-dimensional solar collection device.
Second step：Select n moment in 24h, by measuring each moment of the model of initial sun energy collection device
Effectively enter light area Si=Si(a, b, r, h), (i=1,2, n), according to the energy of solar collecting device institute in rail
Metric density ρ, calculates input general power and Mean Input Power, and Mean Input Power is designated as Pave, determine and meet the solar energy requiring
The physical dimension of collection device, that is, determine key point P1(0,a)、P2(b,0)、P3The information of (r ,-h).Determine that formula is：
3rd step：The uniformity in cell array can be caused poor due to overall curved surface, in the base of the section circular arc determining
On plinth, circular arc is divided, be converted into the connection of N bar straight line, by controlling the endpoint location (x of every line segmentj,yj), (j=1,
2, N) and straightway slope Kj(j=1,2, N) change the area being finally radiated in cell array by light
Domain position.Distribution and the connection of each planar chip in three-dimensional, is determined with longitude and latitude interleaved mode.Concrete determination process is as follows：
The determination mode of section broken line：With P2For starting point, with the segment length D of each broken linej, slope Kj(j=1,
2, N) progressively it is superimposed the next end points determining line segment, the end points of j-th strip straight line is：
Wherein, αk=arctan (Kk)
The end points generating broken line can enter to endpoint location completely on circular arc it is also possible on the basis of arc position
Row is finely tuned, and the criterion of fine setting is：Allow emergent ray be irradiated to as far as possible and select in the cell array of size.Select in number of endpoint purpose
Aspect, is optimized for index due to final with uniformity, when the number of division broken line is on the high side, uniformity is preferable, but is not also to get over
Much better.
Broken line is extended as planar chip, this can be referred to as a rotary body, three-dimensional be around first by rotary body
The axis of symmetry rotation of beginning structure, becomes enclosed construction in a rotational direction, more unnecessary part is dismissed, be so formed for overall envelope
Close, the solar collecting device structure of planar chip combination, number n of rotary bodytCan be determined by anglec of rotation theta：
nt=2 π/theta
If structure determines, pass through perpendicular to the property of exit surface due to through zero refraction materials emergent ray
The region that the light of each planar chip is irradiated in cell array is also just unique to be determined.In the top half of concentration structure of the present invention,
The effect only needing sheet of material can be irradiated in cell array, and the latter half is after sheet of material through being in structure
Direct reflection of the heart is irradiated in cell array.
4th step：The model establishing is optimized.Condenser system is set up using genetic algorithm, biggest advantage of light track algorithm etc.
Optimized model, the uniformity of system is optimized, finally gives uniformity preferable solar collecting device structure.
In above Optimized model, slope Kj, segment length Dj(j=1,2, N), anglec of rotation theta are as excellent
Change variable and can uniquely determine whole concentration structure.On the premise of the gross energy ensureing to be irradiated in cell array, uniformity with
The root-mean-square error of energy density is often located on cell array to weigh.It is K for section slopejPlanar chip, be ρ in energy density
Space orbit place when, through the effect of planar chip, the energy density being finally irradiated in cell array is：
ρin=ρ (cos αj)2
Wherein, αj=arctan (Kj)
By the superposition of the energy density of all planar chips, just obtain the energy density distribution in cell array.
The present invention has the advantage that with respect to prior art：
1st, utilize the characteristic of zero refraction materials, simplify the structure of solar collecting device, improve collection of energy
Efficiency；
2nd, overall structure is fixed, and only needs the sized less and few minute surface of quantity for all of illumination moment
Realize controlling, reduce the pressure of control aspect.
Brief description
Fig. 1 concrete structure and concentrating light principles figure
Fig. 2 design principle explanatory diagram
Fig. 3 preliminary solar collecting device structure chart
Fig. 4 not energy wave cardon in the same time
Fig. 5 initial sun energy collection device structural generation process analysis figure
Fig. 6 segmentation 10 example solar collecting device structure chart
Fig. 7 example cell array collects energy density distribution figure.
In accompanying drawing, the implication of labelling is as follows：
01- zero refraction materials plate；01-1- is according to design principle cross sectional shape；01-2- is not based on design principle section shape
Shape；02- reflecting mirror；03- supporting structure；04- battery front；05- transmitting antenna face；A- blocks effect；B- direct reflection acts on
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described, it should be noted that the present embodiment is with this technology side
Premised on case, give detailed embodiment and specific operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this reality
Apply example.
As shown in Figures 1 to 7, the model that the present invention uses has：
(1) set up the model of initial sun energy collection device in solid modeling software SolidWorks；
(2) set up Optimized model in Mathematics software (MATALB) and form final solar collecting device mould
Type.
The first step：Preliminarily form the shape of solar collecting device structure.
In being embodied as, cell array selects sandwich structure, and position in condenser system for the cell array determines, in order to as far as possible
Simplify solar collecting device structure, top half configuration selecting energy directly makes light radiation arrive cell panel by zero refractive material plate
On shape, initial option cross section be circular arc structure, select a coordinate system, by three key points P1、P2、P3Determine whole
The shape of individual structure, concrete structure and concentrating light principles such as Fig. 1.When generating the rotational structure that initial section is circular arc, in order to
Reduce the effective energy fluctuation between the continuous moment, circular arc end points determines, using the less circular shape of curvature；Design criterion be
When equally making energy be radiated certain area, the radian of design circular arc will be tried one's best greatly, such as Fig. 2.As can be seen from Figure, foundation
Design principle, decrease not effective entering light area discrepancy in the same time it is simply that reducing the ripple of not collection of energy power in the same time
Dynamic property.Finally, tentatively set up solar collecting device in solid modeling software SolidWorks, such as Fig. 3.
Second step：Determine that meeting Mean Input Power is designated as PaveSolar collecting device physical dimension.
When implementing emulation, it is that the solar collecting device model of the present invention is placed on geostationary orbit (GEO), one
In it, 99% time solar collecting device can receive solar radiation, keeps transmitting antenna to earth fixed point transmitting transmission
Energy, GEO upper solar energy density is ρ=1358w/m2, in the case that average energy 2GW is received for the earth, consider
The power attenuation of optical-electronic, light-microwave, microwave-unidirectional current etc., needs solar collecting device to receive mean energy density Pave=
8.65GW.In SolidWorks, first, three key points P of primary election1(0,a)、P2(b,0)、P3The position of (r ,-h), primary election b
=1500m, r=500m, on the basis of the design principle of the first step, rotation two sections of circular arcs determined by three key points,
Generate initial threedimensional model, in order to avoid the light through top half is blocked by mirror, the mirror surface that the latter half needs
Size can be less, and now, negligible minute surface blocks for light, on the basis of average power requirement, progressively adjusts three
The positional information of key point, makes solar collecting device structure meet the requirement of mean power, and specific determination formula is：
Wherein, n is the moment number selecting measurement in 24h；
Si=Si(a, b, r, h), (i=1,2, n) each moment of the model of initial sun energy collection device
Effectively enter light area, measure in SolidWorks.
By above formula, can uniquely determine three key points of this structure.The position of final three key points determining
Confidence ceases and is：P1(0,817.9)、P2(1600,0)、P3(500, -1519.87), data unit is rice (m).Select 36 moment,
Energy wave cardon such as Fig. 4 for the structure primarily determining that.Now the mean power of structure 24h is about 9GW it is contemplated that finely tuning
Structure and the loss collecting energy, think the requirement meeting power designs 8.65GW in the range of certain estimation difference,
Carry out the fine setting of structure on the basis of this structure.
3rd step：The equivalent circular arc of section broken line.
Section circular shape is carried out the division of straightway, in the implementation process of this example it is considered to light vertically downward
In the moment irradiated, the region of now energy radiation is the top half of structure, the top half circular arc that light is passed through
Shape is divided into 10 sections of isometric straightway broken line shapes, ignores blocking of the less minute surface of intermediate sizes.Solar collecting device
Model generating structure process such as Fig. 5, the different color of in figure is intended merely to distinguish passes through different structure planar chip, does not represent difference
Light wave scope, but the energy density receiving in color deeper plate of material plane in this example is bigger.
4th step：Set up Optimized model, optimize physical dimension.
Set up Optimized model with biggest advantage of light track algorithm in MATLAB, uniformity when going out to divide 10 sections with genetic algorithm optimization
Structure when preferably, present example only considers collection of energy during light incidence vertically downward, therefore excellent just for top half
Change, such as Fig. 6, ignore the energy loss of intermediate mirrors, in figure provides a kind of division methods of mirror structure, adjacent two layers simultaneously
Mirror is interspersed.The concrete data of optimization solar collecting device structure is：Broken line segment length：First 9 sections are
201.8895m, is 55.1618m by paracentral one section, and the number of rotary body is 23, the energy under this structure, in cell array
Density uniformity index is：0.2965, indicator is less, and uniformity is better, and energy profile such as Fig. 7, now on battery
Average focusing ratio is：11.0265, the focusing ratio of local maxima is：19.0642.
Interpretation of result：By optimum results as can be seen that the structure of optimization can collect the radiation of this moment completely in solar energy
Energy on collection device, uniformity preferably, and fix it is not necessary to control by this part-structure adjusted, it is to avoid with
Toward conceptual design in control and the complicated problem of configuration, therefore, using the design structure of the present invention, overall structure letter
Single, can be good at reducing the control pressure to solar collecting device system.
For a person skilled in the art, can make various corresponding according to above technical scheme and design
Change and deform, and all these changes and deformation should be construed as being included within the protection domain of the claims in the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of method for designing of the concentrating solar collection device based on zero refraction materials is it is characterised in that first, by
Solar collecting device places the requirement of track, input general power and Mean Input Power, determines the whole of solar collecting device
The placement location of body size, planform and cell array；Secondly, with biggest advantage of light track algorithm, with uniformity for index to too
Sun can collection device carry out piecemeal optimization and fine setting, finally give the preferable solar collecting device of uniformity.
2. the method for designing of the concentrating solar collection device based on zero refraction materials according to claim 1, it is special
Levy and be, it specifically includes following steps：
S1, determines the preliminary configuration of solar collecting device；
S2, determines that meeting Mean Input Power is designated as PaveThe physical dimension of the solar collecting device requiring；
S3, carries out piecemeal fine setting to solar collecting device, determines the section broken line shape being used for equivalent circular shape；
S4, sets up Optimized model using genetic algorithm, biggest advantage of light track algorithm, optimizes the physical dimension of solar collecting device, right
The uniformity of solar collecting device is optimized, and finally gives the preferable solar collecting device of uniformity.
3. the method for designing of the concentrating solar collection device based on zero refraction materials according to claim 2, its
It is characterised by：Detailed process in described step S1 is as follows：
Control the radiation direction of sunlight with sheet of material, consider the spy entering luminous power and sheet of material in each moment
Property, initial option cross sectional shape to form solar collecting device for the symmetrical structure of the rotary body formation of circular arc；By changing
The curvature of circular arc and the center of circle are changing the light radiation region through solar collecting device；Then set up by solid modeling software
The model of initial sun energy collection device；Wherein solid modelling process is：Circular arc first in selected coordinate system, in two dimension
Determine three initial key points on cross sectional shape, be designated as P1(0,a)、P2(b,0)、P3(r ,-h), r is the half of disc-shaped battery battle array
Footpath, h is the height position information of cell array, and by this three initial key points of circular sliding slopes, the curvature of circular arc is according to emergent ray
To determine in cell array to be irradiated to；Secondly rotate the initial shape that this two-dimensional section shape generates three-dimensional solar collection device
Shape.
4. the method for designing of the concentrating solar collection device based on zero refraction materials according to claim 3, its
It is characterised by：It is as follows that described step S2 specifically includes process：
In 24h select n moment, by measurement initial sun energy collection device model each moment effectively enter bright finish
Long-pending Si=Si(a, b, r, h), (i=1,2, n), according to energy density ρ of solar collecting device institute in rail, calculate
Input general power and Mean Input Power, Mean Input Power is designated as Pave, determine the knot meeting the solar collecting device requiring
Structure size, that is, determine key point P1(0,a)、P2(b,0)、P3The information of (r ,-h)；Wherein determine that formula is：
5. the method for designing of the concentrating solar collection device based on zero refraction materials according to claim 4, its
It is characterised by：The process of described step S3 is as follows：
On the basis of the section circular arc determining, circular arc is divided the connection being converted into N bar straight line, by controlling every line segment
Endpoint location (xj,yj), (j=1,2, N) and straightway slope Kj(j=1,2, N) change and pass through zero folding
The light penetrating rate plate of material is finally radiated at the regional location in cell array；In three-dimensional, each is determined with longitude and latitude interleaved mode
The distribution of planar chip and connection；Its concrete determination process is as follows：
The determination mode of section broken line：With P2For starting point, with the segment length D of each broken linej, slope Kj(j=1,2,
N) progressively superposition determines the next end points of line segment, and the end points of j-th strip straight line is：
Wherein, αk=arctan (Kk)
The end points generating broken line, on circular arc, on the basis of arc position, is finely adjusted to endpoint location；The criterion of this fine setting
It is：Allow emergent ray be irradiated to as far as possible and select in the cell array of size；In terms of number of endpoint purpose selection, with uniformity optimization
For index；Broken line is extended as planar chip, the i.e. rotary body of generation 3D solid；By rotary body in step S1 initiating structure
Axis of symmetry rotation, become enclosed construction in a rotational direction, more unnecessary part dismissed, form integrally closed, planar chip
The solar collecting device of combination, number n of rotary bodytCan be determined by anglec of rotation theta：nt=2 π/theta.
6. the method for designing of the concentrating solar collection device based on zero refraction materials according to claim 5, its
It is characterised by：The process of described step S4 is as follows：
In described Optimized model, slope Kj, segment length Dj(j=1,2, N), anglec of rotation theta become as optimizing
Amount；The factor of whole solar collecting device can uniquely be determined；On the premise of the gross energy ensureing to be irradiated in cell array,
Uniformity to be weighed with the root-mean-square error often locating energy density values in cell array；It is K for section slopejPlanar chip,
When energy density is the space orbit placement of ρ, through the effect of planar chip, the energy density being finally irradiated in cell array is：
ρin=ρ (cos αj)2
Wherein, αj=arctan (Kj)
By the superposition of the radiation energy metric density of all planar chips, just obtain the energy density distribution in cell array.
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| CN102213825A (en) * | 2011-05-19 | 2011-10-12 | 浙江工业大学 | Two-stage asymmetrical composite parabolic reflector condenser in smooth transition connection |
| CN102422239A (en) * | 2009-03-13 | 2012-04-18 | 弗朗霍夫应用科学研究促进协会 | Method for allowing a solar generator to track the sun, control for a solar system and solar system |
| CN103929126A (en) * | 2014-04-22 | 2014-07-16 | 中国计量学院 | Refraction-reflection-total reflection (RXI) free-form surface type solar condenser |
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| CN102422239A (en) * | 2009-03-13 | 2012-04-18 | 弗朗霍夫应用科学研究促进协会 | Method for allowing a solar generator to track the sun, control for a solar system and solar system |
| CN102213825A (en) * | 2011-05-19 | 2011-10-12 | 浙江工业大学 | Two-stage asymmetrical composite parabolic reflector condenser in smooth transition connection |
| CN103929126A (en) * | 2014-04-22 | 2014-07-16 | 中国计量学院 | Refraction-reflection-total reflection (RXI) free-form surface type solar condenser |
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