CN114329903B - Method for calculating shadow efficiency of heliostat of tower type solar photo-thermal power station - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for calculating the shadow efficiency of heliostats of a tower type solar photo-thermal power station, which comprises the following steps: obtaining vertex coordinates of each heliostat; calculating a solar position coordinate; determining the position coordinates of each incident ray on heliostats a and B; respectively calculating the direction vectors of the incident light rays C and D on the heliostats A and B and the center vector of all the incident light rays D, and establishing a plane S; respectively calculating position coordinates of the projection of the incident light rays C and D on the plane S to obtain a crossing area F surrounded by projection points of the incident light rays C and D on the plane S, and taking the ratio of the number of the projection points of the incident light rays D in the crossing area F to the number of all the projection points of the incident light rays C as the shadow efficiency of the heliostat A shielded by the heliostat B; the average of the shadow efficiencies of heliostat a occluded by all heliostats around it is calculated. The method disclosed by the invention can be suitable for heliostats with any shape, the calculated shadow efficiency is more accurate, and the calculated amount is less.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photo-thermal power stations, in particular to a method for calculating the shadow efficiency of heliostats of a tower type solar photo-thermal power station.
Background
The tower type solar thermal power generation system is a current popular power generation mode, and the principle is that a large amount of low-density solar energy is firstly collected through a light condensation system and reflected to a heat absorber to be changed into high-density solar energy, and then the high-density solar energy is converted into working medium heat energy, wherein the heat energy can be applied to petroleum exploitation, district heating and hydrogen manufacturing, and can be also converted into electric energy by utilizing the heat energy, so that the electric energy is integrated into a power grid. Therefore, the condensing system plays an extremely important role in the tower type solar photo-thermal power station.
The concentrating system requires a large number of heliostats to achieve energy concentration, and thus, in the overall field design, consideration is given to improving the optical efficiency of the heliostats. The optical efficiency of a heliostat refers to the ratio of the energy received by the heat sink to the maximum energy that can be received by the heliostat at the field of the heliostat. The higher the optical efficiency of the heliostat, the greater the energy provided to the heat absorber and the higher the efficiency of the entire solar energy to working medium thermal energy. Optical efficiency generally includes cosine efficiency, shadow efficiency, etc., among which shadow efficiency is the most complex and can be avoided to the greatest extent by adjusting heliostat distribution.
As shown in fig. 1, the shading loss is generated by the sun light received by the heliostat a in the rear row being blocked by the heliostat B in the front row. Shadow efficiency is opposite to shadow loss, the higher the shadow efficiency, the less occluded. The current mainstream method for calculating shadow efficiency is a ray tracing method, which can intuitively judge the trace of each ray, but the calculation process becomes complex and increases exponentially with the increase of the scope field scale. In addition, the shadow efficiency is obtained by projecting the vertex of the heliostat onto the surface of the heliostat to be calculated and then obtaining the area percentage of the heliostat blocked by coordinate transformation, but the method is also different depending on the shape of the heliostat, different calculation methods of shapes are also needed, and the process is complicated by coordinate transformation.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for calculating the shadow efficiency of heliostats of a tower type solar photo-thermal power station, so as to achieve the purposes of being suitable for heliostats of any shape, more accurate in calculated shadow efficiency and less in calculated quantity.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
A method for calculating the shadow efficiency of heliostats of a tower type solar photo-thermal power station comprises the following steps:
(1) Performing mirror field arrangement according to field conditions of the photo-thermal power station, design parameters and design efficacy of heliostats, and obtaining vertex coordinates of each heliostat;
(2) Calculating the sun position and position coordinates at any moment according to the geographic information and weather information of the photo-thermal power station;
(3) Selecting a heliostat A and any certain heliostat B around the heliostat A, setting the quantity of incident light rays C and D respectively incident on the heliostats A and B, meshing the heliostats A and B, and determining the position coordinates of each incident light ray on the heliostats A and B;
(4) Respectively calculating the direction vector of each incident ray C and D incident on the heliostats A and B, the central vector of all the incident rays D incident on the heliostats B and a plane S taking the central vector as a normal vector;
(5) Respectively calculating position coordinates of the projection of the incident light rays C and D on the plane S to obtain an area M, an area N and a crossing area F which are surrounded by projection points of the incident light rays C and D on the plane S, and taking the ratio of the number of the projection points of the incident light rays D in the crossing area F to the number of all the projection points of the incident light rays C on the plane S as shadow efficiency of the heliostat A shielded by the heliostat B;
(6) Calculating the shadow efficiency of the heliostat A, which is shielded by a circle of all heliostats around the heliostat A, according to the methods of the steps (3) - (5), and taking the average value as the shadow efficiency of the heliostat A;
(7) And (3) obtaining the shadow efficiency of each heliostat according to the methods of the steps (3) - (6).
In the above scheme, in step (1), the obtained position coordinate of the ith heliostat is (Hx i,Hyi,Hzi), i=1, 2, … N, i is the number of heliostats, and N is the number of heliostats; the vertex coordinates of the ith heliostat are HD i1,HDi2,…,HDiM respectively, wherein M is the number of the vertices of the heliostat, a ground coordinate system is adopted, and the heat absorption tower is taken as the origin of coordinates.
In the above scheme, in the step (2), the solar position (az, el) and its position coordinates (S x,Sy,Sz) are calculated based on the SPA algorithm, where az and el represent the azimuth angle and altitude angle of the sun, respectively; s x＝cos(el)sin(az);Sy＝cos(el)cos(az);Sz = sin (el).
In the above scheme, in the step (3), the number R of incident light rays incident on the heliostat is set to be not less than 50 per square meter.
In the above scheme, in step (3), the heliostats are meshed according to the number R of the incident light rays and the vertex coordinates of each heliostat, and the incident light rays are uniformly distributed in the meshes of the heliostats to obtain the position coordinates (Rx ij,Ryij,Rzij) of each incident light ray on the heliostats, where Rx ij,Ryij,Rzij respectively represents the x coordinate, the y coordinate and the z coordinate of the jth light ray of the ith heliostat.
In the above scheme, in step (4), for the ith heliostat, a direction vector of each incident light ray incident on the heliostat is calculatedFor the ith heliostat, find the center vector/>, of all incident rays incident on that heliostatAnd solving a plane S which takes the central vector as a normal vector and passes through the origin of coordinates, wherein the plane S equation is as follows:
Rxi*X+Ryi*Y+Rzi*Z＝0
wherein Rx i,Ryi,Rzi represents the X-coordinate, Y-coordinate, and Z-coordinate of the center vector of all incident light rays incident on the ith heliostat, and X, Y, and Z represent the X-coordinate, Y-coordinate, and Z-coordinate of any point on the plane S, respectively.
In the above scheme, in step (5), for the ith heliostat B, the incident light incident on the heliostat B isProjecting to a plane S, wherein the plane S is a plane established by taking a central vector obtained by the incident light ray D on the ith heliostat B as a normal vector; obtain the coordinates/>, after the projection of the incident ray DAnd calculating the number (II) RP i II of the incident light rays D falling on the plane S after projection, and the area M surrounded by the projection points on the plane S, wherein:
The kth heliostat A behind the ith heliostat B uses the same method to transmit the incident light rays incident on the kth heliostat A Also project to the plane S to obtain each incident ray/>Projection coordinates on a plane SThe projection points form a region N on the plane S, and the region M and the region N form a crossing region F;
MATLAB-based tool Inpolygon for judging projected point of incident ray C on heliostat A The number of shadows falling on the area F is P ki, and the shadow efficiency E ki＝1-‖Pki‖/‖RPi of the heliostat a blocked by the heliostat B is calculated.
Through the technical scheme, the method for calculating the shadow efficiency of the heliostat of the tower type solar photo-thermal power station has the following beneficial effects:
1. The invention uses the central ray on the heliostat as the normal vector of the projection plane, which is different from the plane surrounded by the heliostat, and the obtained shadow efficiency is closer to the true value.
2. Unlike the heliostat with its vertex as the projection point, the present invention has incident ray as the projection point, and is suitable for heliostat in any shape.
3. Different from the traditional projection method, the invention does not need to transform the coordinate system because the incident light is always used as a reference, and the coordinate system is the ground coordinate system.
4. Different from the ray tracing method, the shadow efficiency is calculated based on the projection method in the analysis geometry, the logic is simple, the understanding is easy, and the calculated amount is small.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below.
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of light propagation for shadow loss;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for calculating the shading efficiency of heliostats of a tower solar photo-thermal power station according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a mirror field layout of a tower solar photo-thermal power plant;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of meshing heliostats;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a plane S created with a central ray of heliostat B as a normal vector;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the projection points of incident light rays on heliostats a and B onto plane S.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
The invention provides a method for calculating the shadow efficiency of heliostats of a tower type solar photo-thermal power station, which is shown in fig. 2 and comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) carrying out mirror field arrangement according to the field conditions of the photo-thermal power station, the design parameters and the design efficacy of the heliostats, and obtaining the vertex coordinates of each heliostat as shown in fig. 3.
The method comprises the following steps: the obtained position coordinates of the ith heliostat are (Hx i,Hyi,Hzi), i=1, 2, … N, i is the number of the heliostats, and N is the number of the heliostats; the vertex coordinates of the ith heliostat are HD i1,HDi2,…,HDiM respectively, where M is the number of vertices of the heliostat, and for the most common rectangular heliostat, the number of vertices is 4, a ground coordinate system is adopted, and the heat absorption tower is taken as the origin O of coordinates.
(2) And calculating the sun position and position coordinates at any moment according to the geographic information and weather information of the photo-thermal power station.
The method comprises the following steps: calculating a solar position (az, el) and a position coordinate (S x,Sy,Sz) thereof based on an SPA algorithm, wherein az and el respectively represent an azimuth angle and an altitude angle of the sun; s x＝cos(el)sin(az);Sy＝cos(el)cos(az);Sz = sin (el).
(3) And selecting a heliostat A and any certain heliostat B around the heliostat A, setting the quantity of incident light rays C and D respectively incident on the heliostats A and B, meshing the heliostats A and B, and determining the position coordinates of each incident light ray on the heliostats A and B.
The method comprises the following steps: the number of incident light rays R incident on each heliostat is set to not less than 50 per square meter, and the same number of incident light rays is generally selected.
As shown in fig. 4, the heliostats are meshed according to the number R of incident light rays and the vertex coordinates of each heliostat, and the incident light rays are uniformly distributed in the meshes of the heliostats to obtain the position coordinates (Rx ij,Ryij,Rzij) of each incident light ray on the heliostats, where Rx ij,Ryij,Rzij respectively represents the x coordinate, the y coordinate and the z coordinate of the j-th light ray of the i-th heliostat.
(4) The direction vector of each incident ray C and D on heliostats a and B, the center vector of all incident rays D on heliostat B, and the plane S with the center vector as normal vector n are calculated, respectively.
As shown in fig. 5, for the ith heliostat B, the direction vector of each incident ray incident on the heliostat is calculatedFor the ith heliostat B, find the center vector/>, of all incident rays incident on that heliostatAnd solving a plane S which takes the central vector as a normal vector and passes through the origin of coordinates, wherein the plane S equation is as follows:
Rxi*X+Ryi*Y+Rzi*Z＝0
wherein Rx i,Ryi,Rzi represents the X-coordinate, Y-coordinate, and Z-coordinate of the center vector of all incident light rays incident on the ith heliostat, and X, Y, and Z represent the X-coordinate, Y-coordinate, and Z-coordinate of any point on the plane S, respectively.
(5) And respectively calculating position coordinates of the projection of the incident light rays C and D on the plane S to obtain an area M, an area N and a crossing area F which are surrounded by projection points of the incident light rays C and D on the plane S, and taking the ratio of the number of the projection points of the incident light rays D in the crossing area F to the number of all the projection points of the incident light rays C on the plane S as the shadow efficiency of the heliostat A shielded by the heliostat B.
The method comprises the following steps: as shown in fig. 6, for the ith heliostat B, the incident light ray incident on the heliostat BProjecting to a plane S, wherein the plane S is a plane established by taking a central vector obtained by the incident light ray D on the ith heliostat B as a normal vector; obtain the coordinates/>, after the projection of the incident ray DAnd calculating the number (II) RP i II of the incident light rays D falling on the plane S after projection, and the area M surrounded by the projection points on the plane S, wherein:
The kth heliostat A behind the ith heliostat B uses the same method to transmit the incident light rays incident on the kth heliostat A Also project to the plane S to obtain each incident ray/>Projection coordinates on a plane SThe projection points form a region N on the plane S, and the region M and the region N form a crossing region F;
MATLAB-based tool Inpolygon for judging projected point of incident ray C on heliostat A The number of the shadow efficiencies E ki＝1-‖Pki‖/‖RPi II falling on the area F is II P ki II, and the shadow efficiencies E ki＝1-‖Pki‖/‖RPi II of the heliostat A shielded by the heliostat B are calculated;
(6) Calculating the shadow efficiency of the heliostat A, which is shielded by a circle of all heliostats around the heliostat A, according to the methods of the steps (3) - (5), and taking the average value as the shadow efficiency of the heliostat A;
(7) And (3) obtaining the shadow efficiency of each heliostat according to the methods of the steps (3) - (6).
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (4)
1. A method of calculating the shadow efficiency of heliostats of a tower solar photo-thermal power plant, comprising the steps of:
(1) Performing mirror field arrangement according to field conditions of the photo-thermal power station, design parameters and design efficacy of heliostats, and obtaining vertex coordinates of each heliostat;
(2) Calculating the sun position and position coordinates at any moment according to the geographic information and weather information of the photo-thermal power station;
(3) Selecting a heliostat A and any certain heliostat B around the heliostat A, setting the quantity of incident light rays C and D respectively incident on the heliostats A and B, meshing the heliostats A and B, and determining the position coordinates of each incident light ray on the heliostats A and B;
(4) Respectively calculating the direction vector of each incident ray C and D incident on the heliostats A and B, the central vector of all the incident rays D incident on the heliostats B and a plane S taking the central vector as a normal vector;
(5) Respectively calculating position coordinates of the projection of the incident light rays C and D on the plane S to obtain an area M, an area N and a crossing area F which are surrounded by projection points of the incident light rays C and D on the plane S, and taking the ratio of the number of the projection points of the incident light rays D in the crossing area F to the number of all the projection points of the incident light rays C on the plane S as shadow efficiency of the heliostat A shielded by the heliostat B;
(6) Calculating the shadow efficiency of the heliostat A, which is shielded by a circle of all heliostats around the heliostat A, according to the methods of the steps (3) - (5), and taking the average value as the shadow efficiency of the heliostat A;
(7) Obtaining the shadow efficiency of each heliostat according to the methods of the steps (3) - (6);
In the step (3), grid division is performed on the heliostats according to the number R of the incident light rays and the vertex coordinates of each heliostat, the incident light rays are uniformly distributed in the grids of the heliostats, and the position coordinates (Rx ij,Ryij,Rzij) of each incident light ray on the heliostats are obtained, wherein Rx ij,Ryij,Rzij respectively represents the x coordinate, the y coordinate and the z coordinate of the j-th light ray of the i-th heliostat;
in step (4), for the ith heliostat, calculating a direction vector of each incident ray incident on the heliostat For the ith heliostat, find the center vector/>, of all incident rays incident on that heliostatAnd solving a plane S which takes the central vector as a normal vector and passes through the origin of coordinates, wherein the plane S equation is as follows:
Rxi*X+Ryi*Y+Rzi*Z＝0
Wherein Rx i,Ryi,Rzi represents the X-coordinate, Y-coordinate, and Z-coordinate of the center vector of all incident light rays incident on the ith heliostat, and X, Y, and Z represent the X-coordinate, Y-coordinate, and Z-coordinate of any point on the plane S, respectively;
in step (5), for the ith heliostat B, the incident light incident on the heliostat B is transmitted Projecting to a plane S, wherein the plane S is a plane established by taking a central vector obtained by the incident light ray D on the ith heliostat B as a normal vector; obtain the coordinates/>, after the projection of the incident ray DAnd calculating the number of the incident light rays D falling on the plane S after projection, RP i, and an area M surrounded by the projection points on the plane S, wherein:
The kth heliostat A behind the ith heliostat B uses the same method to transmit the incident light rays incident on the kth heliostat A Also project to the plane S to obtain each incident ray/>Projection coordinates on a plane SThe projection points form a region N on the plane S, and the region M and the region N form a crossing region F;
MATLAB-based tool Inpolygon for judging projected point of incident ray C on heliostat A The number of the heliostats falling on the region F is P ki, and the shadow efficiency E ki＝1-||Pki||/||RFi of the heliostat A shielded by the heliostat B is calculated.
2. The method for calculating the shadow efficiency of heliostats in a tower solar thermal power plant according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the obtained position coordinates of the ith heliostat are (Hx i,Hyi,Hzi), i=1, 2..n, i is the number of heliostats, N is the number of heliostats; the vertex coordinates of the ith heliostat are HD i1,HDi2,…,HDiM respectively, wherein M is the number of the vertices of the heliostat, a ground coordinate system is adopted, and the heat absorption tower is taken as the origin of coordinates.
3. The method for calculating the shadow efficiency of heliostats in a tower solar photo-thermal power plant according to claim 2, wherein in step (2), the solar position (az, el) and its position coordinates (S x,Sy,Sz) are calculated based on the SPA algorithm, wherein az and el represent the azimuth and altitude angles of the sun, respectively; s x＝cos(el)sin(az);Sy＝cos(el)cos(az);Sz = sin (el).
4. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (3), the number R of incident light rays incident on the heliostat is set to not less than 50 per square meter.
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| CN102519152A (en) * | 2011-11-30 | 2012-06-27 | 浙江大学 | Calculating method for mirror field optical efficiency on basis of graphics processing unit (GPU) tower type solar energy thermoelectric system |
| CN102930160A (en) * | 2012-11-02 | 2013-02-13 | 浙江大学 | Calculating method of mirror field optical efficiency of tower type solar thermoelectric system |
| CN111625955A (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-09-04 | 浙江大学 | Calculation method for shadow and shielding efficiency of tower type solar mirror field |
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| CN102519152A (en) * | 2011-11-30 | 2012-06-27 | 浙江大学 | Calculating method for mirror field optical efficiency on basis of graphics processing unit (GPU) tower type solar energy thermoelectric system |
| CN102930160A (en) * | 2012-11-02 | 2013-02-13 | 浙江大学 | Calculating method of mirror field optical efficiency of tower type solar thermoelectric system |
| CN111625955A (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-09-04 | 浙江大学 | Calculation method for shadow and shielding efficiency of tower type solar mirror field |
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