CN105230435A - Method for planting grape - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for planting the grape. The method comprises preparing grape seeds, treating the grape seeds using brine; treating the grape seeds using a medicament; accelerating germination of the grape seeds; sowing the grape seeds; transplanting grape seedlings; and controlling insect diseases. Compared with the present methods for planting the grape, the method has prominent advantages, by adopting the above technical scheme to cultivating seedlings of the grape, the germination capacity of the grape seeds is larger than 96%, and the survival rate of transplantation is larger than 90%; the grape seeds are soaked in the brine firstly, and then are treated by ultrasonic waves, peels of the grape seeds can conveniently soften, the water absorption speed of the seeds can be accelerated, and conversion from starch, protein and the like substances to soluble substances which can be easily absorbed by embryos can be facilitated. A matrix for cultivating grape seedlings comprises pine wood chips as a main matrix skeleton, and main components forming the matrix comprise fermented cotton seed casings and peanut casings, the raw materials are wide in source and low in cost.

Description

A kind of implantation methods of grape

Technical field

The present invention relates to field of planting, particularly relate to a kind of implantation methods of grape.

Background technology

Grape fruit is nutritious, not only containing glucose, fructose, multiple organic acid, mineral matter and 20 several amino acids, aromatic substance, cellulose etc.Research in recent years shows, grape contains RV and multivitamin, has good effect to anti-curing cancers and cardiovascular disease.Grape has become the important health fruit that people generally acknowledge.Grape is had many uses, except fruit can eat raw, make wine, juice processed, system are dry, except can processed, can also process grape pulp and grape jelly.Existing grape seed plantation germination rate is lower, and seedling is weak, and the result cycle is long, is unfavorable for the development of industrialization.

Summary of the invention

The object of this invention is to provide a kind of implantation methods of grape.

The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

An implantation methods for grape, comprising:

1) preparation of grape seed: select physical maturity, healthy and strong grape seed for nursery;

2) saline treatment of grape seed: grape seed is put into 60-80 DEG C of 1mol/L sodium chloride solution and soak after 0.5 hour, ultrasonic process is adopted to seed;

3) chemicals treatment of grape seed: utilize Fusarium Wilt of Sweet pickled grape seed 7-8 hour, described medicament is made up of 8% coumaric acid, 4% polyethylene glycol, 6% cobalamin, 82% clear water in percentage terms;

4) grape seed vernalization: by putting one piece of wet towel in culture dish, above-mentioned grape seed is placed in wet towel, vernalization under the environmental temperature of 25-30 DEG C, every 3-4 hour, spray a magnetized drinking water, continue to spray 3-4 time, to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally stopping vernalization to 50% grape seed;

5) grape seed sterilization: gentleness sterilization is carried out to above-mentioned grape seed, after sterilization, the surface of the seed sprays the salicylic acid solution of 0.1mmol/L, and the surface of the seed is moistening;

6) grape seed sowing: the grape seed disinfected is carried out being seeded in matrix;

Described matrix is made up of following ingredients by weight: 58 parts of pine sawdusts, 30 parts of cotton kind shells, 8 parts of kaolin and diatomite mixtures, 30 parts of peanut shells, 4 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 8 parts of sand of making pottery, 4 parts of bamboo charcoal powder; Described inorganic fertilizer is made up of following substances: urea, superphosphate, potassium chloride, by weight being urea: superphosphate: potassium chloride is 3:1:3;

7) grape seedling is transplanted: grape seedling is transplanted to large Tanaka, line-spacing 2 meters, spacing in the rows 1.2 meters plantation;

8) extermination of disease and insect pest: when finding damage by disease and insect, start spraying agent, medicament is watered sprinkling in 1:30 ratio, sprays once every 10-12 days, continues to spray 4-5 time; Described medicament is made up of following composition: 7 parts, capsicum, borax 3 parts, quicklime 10 parts, 8 parts, sulphur, peppermint 7 parts, clorox 1 part, 2 parts, five sodium chlorate, 3 parts, potassium permanganate, 4 parts, diatomite, 6 parts, mountain peach branch.

Further, described step 2) in, ultrasonic process adopts the processor for ultrasonic wave process grape seed of power output 300W, frequency 25kHZ.

Further, the preparation method of described grape seedling medium is:

1) 58 parts of pine sawdusts, 30 parts of cotton kind shells, 8 parts of kaolin and diatomite mixtures, 30 parts of peanut shells, 4 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 8 parts of sand of making pottery, 4 parts of bamboo charcoal powder are taken respectively by weight;

2) adopt the salt acid soak of 2.5% concentration after 30 minutes kaolin and diatomite mixture, filter, 3% sodium hydroxide solution is adopted to soak again, and be heated to boiling, continue after 10 minutes, naturally cool to room temperature, filter, dry, pulverize to 50-100 order, described kaolin and diatomaceous mixed proportion are 2:1;

3) ethylenediamine bamboo charcoal powder is adopted to soak at 85-100 DEG C after 1.5 hours, suction filtration, washing, dry;

4) pottery sand is cooled to room temperature at 250-300 DEG C of temperature lower calcination after 40 minutes, then is crushed to 150 orders;

5) by cotton seeds shell surface sprinkling weight portion be the clear water of 3 parts, implant VT-aerobic fermentation bacterium, sealing 20-30 days;

6) by peanut shell surface sprinkling weight portion be the clear water of 3 parts, implant EM bacterium sealing and fermenting 20-30 days, described EM bacterium is: lactic acid bacteria mixes with saccharomycete;

7) by 5) and 6) in the raw material Homogeneous phase mixing that ferments together, again with pine sawdust, kaolin and diatomite mixture, inorganic fertilizer, pottery sand, bamboo charcoal powder Homogeneous phase mixing to together with, spray the clear water that weight portion is 5 parts, sealing 8-10 days, middle turning 2 times, every minor tick 3 days, namely obtains grape seedling medium after deblocking.

Further, the preparation method of the medicament in described step 9) is:

1), after being exposed to the sun 4-6 days under capsicum being first put into the sun, frying 8-10 minute with hot pot is dry, then capsicum is cut into chunks, get 20 parts of clear water, five sodium chlorate are added in clear water, then segment capsicum is put into clear water, after being slowly heated to 30-40 DEG C, being incubated 10-15 minute filtration capsicum and obtaining filtrate 1, stand-by;

2) after peppermint, mountain peach branch being cut into broken section that is not more than 1 centimetre, add the clear water that weight portion is 20 parts, slow fire boiling adds potassium permanganate continuation decoction and ceases fire after 10 minutes after 0.5 hour, add clorox again when temperature reduces to room temperature naturally by the time, filter to get filtrate 2, stand-by;

3) borax is placed in microwave forging 40 minutes, stand-by;

4) adopted by diatomite the salt acid soak of 3% concentration after 30 minutes, filter, then adopt 2.5% sodium hydroxide solution to soak, and be heated to boiling, continue after 10 minutes, naturally cool to room temperature, filter, dry, pulverize to 50-100 order, stand-by;

5) get the water of 25 weight portions, quicklime put into water, heat boiled after; leach solid residue, then sulphur is added, constantly stir simultaneously; and write down waterline, then continue heating infusion, altogether need to keep boiling 60 minutes; when boiling 30 minutes, add the borax after forging, diatomite, filtrate 1 and 2, within every ten minutes, supplement hot water to remember waterline; moisturizing is stopped when first 10 minutes of truce; when solution is brown, stops heating, naturally cool to room temperature.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: compared with existing grape seedling growing process, the present invention has extremely significant advantage, technique scheme is adopted to carry out grape seed nursery, percentage of seedgermination is more than 96%, and transplanting survival rate is more than 90%, and the present invention first adopts saline sook grape seed and uses ultrasonic process, be convenient to the softening of grape seed coat, accelerate the absorption speed of seed, and be conducive to starch, the Substance Transformations such as protein are that soluble substance absorbs for embryo; Can promote that seed cell breaks up by chemicals treatment, shorten the sprout time of seed, and seedling be healthy and strong, grows fine after cultivation, not only indirectly improves the output of grape, also reduces the damage by disease and insect frequency of grape, reduces a large amount of production cost; Before sowing, the surface of the seed sprays salicylic acid, promotes the activity of seed further, seed can be shaked down faster, improves emergence rate.

The grape seedling medium of employing of the present invention take pine sawdust as main matrix skeleton, the cotton seeds shell after fermentation and peanut shell is coordinated to form matrix main component, not only raw material sources are extensive, with low cost, also reduce the pollution of matrix to environment that employing cow dung chicken manure is raw material.Provide very adapt circumstance by two kinds of raw material nursery to grape of mixing after the fermentation of different fermentations bacterium, its survival rate can not only be improved, the g and D of seedling can also be promoted; By adding kaolin and the diatomite mixture after process, enhancing the ability of matrix fertilizer conservation moisturizing, being made by the pottery sand after adding process that matrix is loose, permeability is good, by adding bamboo charcoal powder, enhancing adsorption capacity; Matrix of the present invention can not only improve the germination rate of grape seed, promotes growth of seedling, can also prevent from burning kind of an appearance of burning bud burning seedling phenomenon.

The grape pest control chemicals medicament environmental protection of the present invention that the present invention adopts, environmentally safe, raw material sources are extensive, and manufacture craft is simple, and cost is low; Used by the collocation of rational medicament, adopt peppermint, adjustment that the decoction liquor of mountain peach branch mixing mixes potassium permanganate in addition can by permeating and corrode germ and insect body wall kills damage by disease and insect and worm's ovum; Coordinated the decoction of lime stone and sulphur with the mixed liquor of five sodium chlorate process capsicums by the borax of employing forging, pretreated diatomite, clorox, promote drug effect, maximize the effect improving prevention and elimination of disease and pests, effectively can intercept the subintrusion again of germ spore and insect ovum, prevent germ spore and insect ovum from adhering on grape branch and sprouting.

Embodiment

An implantation methods for grape, comprising:

1) preparation of grape seed: select physical maturity, healthy and strong grape seed for nursery;

2) saline treatment of grape seed: grape seed is put into 60-80 DEG C of 1mol/L sodium chloride solution and soak after 0.5 hour, ultrasonic process is adopted to seed;

3) chemicals treatment of grape seed: utilize Fusarium Wilt of Sweet pickled grape seed 7-8 hour, described medicament is made up of 8% coumaric acid, 4% polyethylene glycol, 6% cobalamin, 82% clear water in percentage terms;

4) grape seed vernalization: by putting one piece of wet towel in culture dish, above-mentioned grape seed is placed in wet towel, vernalization under the environmental temperature of 25-30 DEG C, every 3-4 hour, spray a magnetized drinking water, continue to spray 3-4 time, to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally stopping vernalization to 50% grape seed;

5) grape seed sterilization: gentleness sterilization is carried out to above-mentioned grape seed, after sterilization, the surface of the seed sprays the salicylic acid solution of 0.1mmol/L, and the surface of the seed is moistening;

6) grape seed sowing: the grape seed disinfected is carried out being seeded in matrix;

Described matrix is made up of following ingredients by weight: 58 parts of pine sawdusts, 30 parts of cotton kind shells, 8 parts of kaolin and diatomite mixtures, 30 parts of peanut shells, 4 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 8 parts of sand of making pottery, 4 parts of bamboo charcoal powder; Described inorganic fertilizer is made up of following substances: urea, superphosphate, potassium chloride, by weight being urea: superphosphate: potassium chloride is 3:1:3;

7) grape seedling is transplanted: grape seedling is transplanted to large Tanaka, line-spacing 2 meters, spacing in the rows 1.2 meters plantation;

8) extermination of disease and insect pest: when finding damage by disease and insect, start spraying agent, medicament is watered sprinkling in 1:30 ratio, sprays once every 10-12 days, continues to spray 4-5 time; Described medicament is made up of following composition: 7 parts, capsicum, borax 3 parts, quicklime 10 parts, 8 parts, sulphur, peppermint 7 parts, clorox 1 part, 2 parts, five sodium chlorate, 3 parts, potassium permanganate, 4 parts, diatomite, 6 parts, mountain peach branch.

Further, described step 2) in, ultrasonic process adopts the processor for ultrasonic wave process grape seed of power output 300W, frequency 25kHZ.

Further, the preparation method of described grape seedling medium is:

1) 58 parts of pine sawdusts, 30 parts of cotton kind shells, 8 parts of kaolin and diatomite mixtures, 30 parts of peanut shells, 4 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 8 parts of sand of making pottery, 4 parts of bamboo charcoal powder are taken respectively by weight;

2) adopt the salt acid soak of 2.5% concentration after 30 minutes kaolin and diatomite mixture, filter, 3% sodium hydroxide solution is adopted to soak again, and be heated to boiling, continue after 10 minutes, naturally cool to room temperature, filter, dry, pulverize to 50-100 order, described kaolin and diatomaceous mixed proportion are 2:1;

3) ethylenediamine bamboo charcoal powder is adopted to soak at 85-100 DEG C after 1.5 hours, suction filtration, washing, dry;

4) pottery sand is cooled to room temperature at 250-300 DEG C of temperature lower calcination after 40 minutes, then is crushed to 150 orders;

5) by cotton seeds shell surface sprinkling weight portion be the clear water of 3 parts, implant VT-aerobic fermentation bacterium, sealing 20-30 days;

6) by peanut shell surface sprinkling weight portion be the clear water of 3 parts, implant EM bacterium sealing and fermenting 20-30 days, described EM bacterium is: lactic acid bacteria mixes with saccharomycete;

7) by 5) and 6) in the raw material Homogeneous phase mixing that ferments together, again with pine sawdust, kaolin and diatomite mixture, inorganic fertilizer, pottery sand, bamboo charcoal powder Homogeneous phase mixing to together with, spray the clear water that weight portion is 5 parts, sealing 8-10 days, middle turning 2 times, every minor tick 3 days, namely obtains grape seedling medium after deblocking.

Further, the preparation method of the medicament in described step 9) is:

1), after being exposed to the sun 4-6 days under capsicum being first put into the sun, frying 8-10 minute with hot pot is dry, then capsicum is cut into chunks, get 20 parts of clear water, five sodium chlorate are added in clear water, then segment capsicum is put into clear water, after being slowly heated to 30-40 DEG C, being incubated 10-15 minute filtration capsicum and obtaining filtrate 1, stand-by;

2) after peppermint, mountain peach branch being cut into broken section that is not more than 1 centimetre, add the clear water that weight portion is 20 parts, slow fire boiling adds potassium permanganate continuation decoction and ceases fire after 10 minutes after 0.5 hour, add clorox again when temperature reduces to room temperature naturally by the time, filter to get filtrate 2, stand-by;

3) borax is placed in microwave forging 40 minutes, stand-by;

4) adopted by diatomite the salt acid soak of 3% concentration after 30 minutes, filter, then adopt 2.5% sodium hydroxide solution to soak, and be heated to boiling, continue after 10 minutes, naturally cool to room temperature, filter, dry, pulverize to 50-100 order, stand-by;

5) get the water of 25 weight portions, quicklime put into water, heat boiled after; leach solid residue, then sulphur is added, constantly stir simultaneously; and write down waterline, then continue heating infusion, altogether need to keep boiling 60 minutes; when boiling 30 minutes, add the borax after forging, diatomite, filtrate 1 and 2, within every ten minutes, supplement hot water to remember waterline; moisturizing is stopped when first 10 minutes of truce; when solution is brown, stops heating, naturally cool to room temperature.

Data statistics is carried out to the grape of plantation:

	80% seed germinating time/sky	Germination rate	Plumular axis length/cm	Baconic length/cm	Vitality index	Transplanting survival rate
							The inventive method	7	98.8%	2.7	2.6	624.12	93.6%

Table 1

	Per mu yield/kg	Damage by disease and insect incidence %	Vitamin C content/mg	Potassium content/mg	Retinol content/mg
						The inventive method	4120	2.5	30	108	90.3

As can be seen from Table 1, the inventive method can greatly improve germination rate and the transplanting survival rate of grape seed, and table 2 can find out that the grape per mu yield of plantation is high, and damage by disease and insect incidence is low-quality good.

Claims (4)

1. an implantation methods for grape, is characterized in that, comprising:

1) preparation of grape seed: select physical maturity, healthy and strong grape seed for nursery;

2) saline treatment of grape seed: grape seed is put into 60-80 DEG C of 1mol/L sodium chloride solution and soak after 0.5 hour, ultrasonic process is adopted to seed;

3) chemicals treatment of grape seed: utilize Fusarium Wilt of Sweet pickled grape seed 7-8 hour, described medicament is made up of 8% coumaric acid, 4% polyethylene glycol, 6% cobalamin, 82% clear water in percentage terms;

4) grape seed vernalization: by putting one piece of wet towel in culture dish, above-mentioned grape seed is placed in wet towel, vernalization under the environmental temperature of 25-30 DEG C, every 3-4 hour, spray a magnetized drinking water, continue to spray 3-4 time, to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally stopping vernalization to 50% grape seed;

5) grape seed sterilization: gentleness sterilization is carried out to above-mentioned grape seed, after sterilization, the surface of the seed sprays the salicylic acid solution of 0.1mmol/L, and the surface of the seed is moistening;

6) grape seed sowing: the grape seed disinfected is carried out being seeded in matrix;

Described matrix is made up of following ingredients by weight: 58 parts of pine sawdusts, 30 parts of cotton kind shells, 8 parts of kaolin and diatomite mixtures, 30 parts of peanut shells, 4 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 8 parts of sand of making pottery, 4 parts of bamboo charcoal powder; Described inorganic fertilizer is made up of following substances: urea, superphosphate, potassium chloride, by weight being urea: superphosphate: potassium chloride is 3:1:3;

7) grape seedling is transplanted: grape seedling is transplanted to large Tanaka, line-spacing 2 meters, spacing in the rows 1.2 meters plantation;

8) extermination of disease and insect pest: when finding damage by disease and insect, start spraying agent, medicament is watered sprinkling in 1:30 ratio, sprays once every 10-12 days, continues to spray 4-5 time; Described medicament is made up of following composition: 7 parts, capsicum, borax 3 parts, quicklime 10 parts, 8 parts, sulphur, peppermint 7 parts, clorox 1 part, 2 parts, five sodium chlorate, 3 parts, potassium permanganate, 4 parts, diatomite, 6 parts, mountain peach branch.

2. the implantation methods of a kind of grape according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described step 2) in, ultrasonic process adopts the processor for ultrasonic wave process grape seed of power output 300W, frequency 25kHZ.

3. the implantation methods of a kind of grape according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the preparation method of described grape seedling medium is:

1) adopt the salt acid soak of 2.5% concentration after 30 minutes kaolin and diatomite mixture, filter, 3% sodium hydroxide solution is adopted to soak again, and be heated to boiling, continue after 10 minutes, naturally cool to room temperature, filter, dry, pulverize to 50-100 order, described kaolin and diatomaceous mixed proportion are 2:1;

2) ethylenediamine bamboo charcoal powder is adopted to soak at 85-100 DEG C after 1.5 hours, suction filtration, washing, dry;

3) pottery sand is cooled to room temperature at 250-300 DEG C of temperature lower calcination after 40 minutes, then is crushed to 150 orders;

4) by cotton seeds shell surface sprinkling weight portion be the clear water of 3 parts, implant VT-aerobic fermentation bacterium, sealing 20-30 days;

5) by peanut shell surface sprinkling weight portion be the clear water of 3 parts, implant EM bacterium sealing and fermenting 20-30 days, described EM bacterium is: lactic acid bacteria mixes with saccharomycete;

6) by 5) and 6) in the raw material Homogeneous phase mixing that ferments together, again with pine sawdust, kaolin and diatomite mixture, inorganic fertilizer, pottery sand, bamboo charcoal powder Homogeneous phase mixing to together with, spray the clear water that weight portion is 5 parts, sealing 8-10 days, middle turning 2 times, every minor tick 3 days, namely obtains grape seedling medium after deblocking.

4. the implantation methods of a kind of grape according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the preparation method of the medicament in described step 9) is:

1), after being exposed to the sun 4-6 days under capsicum being first put into the sun, frying 8-10 minute with hot pot is dry, then capsicum is cut into chunks, get 20 parts of clear water, five sodium chlorate are added in clear water, then segment capsicum is put into clear water, after being slowly heated to 30-40 DEG C, being incubated 10-15 minute filtration capsicum and obtaining filtrate 1, stand-by;

2) after peppermint, mountain peach branch being cut into broken section that is not more than 1 centimetre, add the clear water that weight portion is 20 parts, slow fire boiling adds potassium permanganate continuation decoction and ceases fire after 10 minutes after 0.5 hour, add clorox again when temperature reduces to room temperature naturally by the time, filter to get filtrate 2, stand-by;

3) borax is placed in microwave forging 40 minutes, stand-by;

4) adopted by diatomite the salt acid soak of 3% concentration after 30 minutes, filter, then adopt 2.5% sodium hydroxide solution to soak, and be heated to boiling, continue after 10 minutes, naturally cool to room temperature, filter, dry, pulverize to 50-100 order, stand-by;

5) get the water of 25 weight portions, quicklime put into water, heat boiled after; leach solid residue, then sulphur is added, constantly stir simultaneously; and write down waterline, then continue heating infusion, altogether need to keep boiling 60 minutes; when boiling 30 minutes, add the borax after forging, diatomite, filtrate 1 and 2, within every ten minutes, supplement hot water to remember waterline; moisturizing is stopped when first 10 minutes of truce; when solution is brown, stops heating, naturally cool to room temperature.