CN105230332B - A kind of method that the super ovary of efficient inducing cucumber occurs - Google Patents
A kind of method that the super ovary of efficient inducing cucumber occurs Download PDFInfo
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- CN105230332B CN105230332B CN201510811007.6A CN201510811007A CN105230332B CN 105230332 B CN105230332 B CN 105230332B CN 201510811007 A CN201510811007 A CN 201510811007A CN 105230332 B CN105230332 B CN 105230332B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The present invention relates to cucumber cultivation fields, in particular to a kind of method that the efficient super ovary of inducing cucumber occurs, a target melon is stayed in the main stem of every cucumber plant, it keeps the cucumber plant in the strong growth potential in the best fruiting period, falls seedling in time, keep sufficient illumination.The method that a kind of efficient super ovary of inducing cucumber provided by the invention occurs does not use any chemical agent using pure agricultural method, free from environmental pollution；By reducing the number of cucumber, the strong growth potential of cucumber plant is kept in the best fruiting period, in favor of forming the super ovary of cucumber, falls seedling in time, and keep sufficient illumination, the incidence of the super ovary of cucumber reaches 80% or more, significant effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to cucumber cultivation fields, in particular to a kind of side that the efficient super ovary of inducing cucumber occurs
Method.
Background technique
Currently, cucumber test material ' 6457 ' passes through 10 from Hebei Science & Technology Normal College cucumber genetic breeding seminar
For the strong parthenocarpy self-mating system of selfed breeding, parthenocarpy fruit-setting rate is 98.3%, under the conditions of normal cultivation management, Sheng Guo
Phase super ovary natural incidence is 29.1%.Plant strain growth gesture is medium, based on main stem knot melon, heliogreenhouse spring cultivation condition
Under, 3~5 section of the first female flower section saves 1 female flower every 3-4；Commodity melon 22-25cm, bright green, thorn tumor is sparse, white thorn.
In view of this, the present invention is specifically proposed.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of method that the efficient super ovary of inducing cucumber occurs, this method passes through reduction
The number of cucumber implements big loose water, falls seedling in time, and keep sufficient illumination, the incidence of the super ovary of cucumber reaches
80% or more, whole process does not use chemical reagent, reduces the pollution of environment.
In order to realize above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the following technical scheme is adopted:
The method that a kind of super ovary of efficient inducing cucumber occurs stays a target melon in the main stem of every cucumber plant,
It keeps the cucumber plant in the strong growth potential in the best fruiting period, falls seedling in time, keep sufficient illumination.
The method that a kind of efficient super ovary of inducing cucumber provided by the invention occurs is not used using pure agricultural method
Any chemical agent, it is free from environmental pollution；By reducing the number of cucumber, the strong growth potential of cucumber plant is kept in the best fruiting period,
In favor of forming the super ovary of cucumber, seedling is fallen in time, and keep sufficient illumination, the incidence of the super ovary of cucumber reaches 80%
More than, significant effect.
Further, the strong growth potential is realized by big loose water.Big hypertrophy water is by watering, fertilizing, is cucumber
Plant provides sufficient nutrition, so that cucumber plant growth is vigorous, the leaf length of plant, leaf width, leaf area, internode length, stem thickness are all
It is strongr than common plant.
In order to reach better top dressing effect, the present invention increases by 50% or so to the amount ratio normal management of plant top dressing,
Further, the big fertilizer is using with water top dressing；Based on the land area of plantation cucumber, the dosage of each top dressing are as follows: 0.043-
0.048kg/m2。
Further, fertilizer used in the top dressing is compound fertilizer, and the mass ratio of N P and K is in the compound fertilizer
0.9-1.1:0.9-1.1:0.9-1.1.The compound fertilizer of the ratio is well positioned to meet demand of the cucumber growth to nutritional ingredient.
Further, the flood is primary every watering in 4-5 days, based on the land area of plantation cucumber, is watered every time
Water be 0.074-0.078m3/m2.The irrigation amount increases by 25% or so than normal management irrigation amount, to be the growth of plant
Good growing environment is provided.
The situation for inhibiting plant vegetative growth because falling seedling is prevented by falling seedling.Further, the seedling that falls is to fall seedling every time
Height is 12-17cm；It is fallen altogether during cucumber growth seedling 8-11 times.
Test discovery, illumination also has a great impact to the generation of the super ovary of cucumber, further, the illumination it is strong
Degree is 30~45Klux.I.e. fine day when directly shined upon；Cloudy day or rainy day external source light auxiliary irradiation further promote
The generation of the super ovary of cucumber.
Preferably, the kind of the cucumber is cucumber self-mating system ' 6457 '.Cucumber self-mating system ' 6457 ' is a kind of strong unisexuality
The super ovary of cucumber can be obtained to self-mating system cultivation in solid self-mating system, excavates to late gene and breeding has important meaning
Justice.
Further, the cucumber plant is using double high ridge plastic film mulching cultivations, wherein wide row space 68-72cm, small row
Away from for 48-52cm, spacing in the rows 23-27cm.
Further, before plantation, based on the land area of plantation cucumber, the base manure of application is decomposed pig manure 14.2-
14.5kg/m2With compound fertilizer 0.20-0.25kg/m2.By applying base manure, good growing environment is provided for the growth of cucumber.
In addition, at greenhouse ventilation opening and doorway is respectively provided with fly net, clean up on all plant in full field all male flowers and
Male flower flower bud and repeat daily later, canopy is smoked using amino methyl class insecticidal smoke (10% Mobucin) and kills insect in greenhouse
To prevent pollination, therefore, in cucumber plant growth course, prevent the presence of insect.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the benefit that
(1) present invention is occurred using the super ovary of pure agricultural method inducing cucumber, is not used any chemical agent, is not polluted
Environment.
(2) present invention implements big loose water, falls seedling in time, and keep sufficient illumination, Huang by the number of reduction cucumber
The incidence of the super ovary of melon reaches 80% or more, and inductivity is obviously improved.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described.
Fig. 1 is the curve of not isolabeling date super ovary incidence and normal ovary incidence in the embodiment of the present invention 1
Figure；
Fig. 2 is that super ovary incidence and normal ovary do not occur for isolabeling date fine day rate in the embodiment of the present invention 1
The curve graph that rate influences.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment, but those skilled in the art will
Understand, the following example is merely to illustrate the present invention, and is not construed as limiting the scope of the invention.It is not specified in embodiment specific
Condition person carries out according to conventional conditions or manufacturer's recommended conditions.Reagents or instruments used without specified manufacturer is
The conventional products of commercially available acquisition can be passed through.
Embodiment 1
This test carried out in certain gardening experiment station heliogreenhouse in spring in 2015.Nursery on the 25th in 2 months in 2015, March
It is colonized within 21st, using double high ridge plastic film mulching cultivations, wide row space 68-72cm, small line-spacing is 48-52cm, spacing in the rows 23-
27cm, watering uses secretly to be filled under film.April 15 enters the early flowering season.
Test is provided with two processing: super ovary induction area (area D) and normal ovary induction area (area X), each processing
The area in area is 133.3m2。
The base manure of each treatment region application is decomposed pig manure 1899kg and compound fertilizer 30kg, and compound fertilizer buys from China-
Arabic chemical fertilizer Co., Ltd, wherein the weight ratio of the N P and K of compound fertilizer is 1:1:1.
April 21 is at the greenhouse ventilation opening of each treatment region and doorway is respectively provided with fly net, cleans up all plants in full field
All male flowers and male flower flower bud and repeat daily later in strain, using amino methyl class insecticidal smoke (10% Mobucin, Hebi
Agricultural pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, city) smoked canopy kills in greenhouse insect to prevent pollination.
April 24 entered the best fruiting period, comes into effect different disposal to different areas, a water was poured every 4~5 days, with water
Compound fertilizer is imposed, but water topdressing amount and plant management difference, specific as follows:
The area D cultivation management: to improve super ovary incidence, the area D cultivation management is first is that implement " big hypertrophy water " strategy, i.e.,
Each irrigation amount is 10m3, than normal management irrigation amount 8m3Increase by 25%；Top dressing is used with water punching to fertilize, is imposed every time compound
Fertile 6kg increases by 50% than normal management topdressing amount 4kg；Second is that reducing the load of single plant commodity melon to the greatest extent, one is only stayed in single plant main stem
A target melon removes the female flower of all side shoots on each plant, the same day of blooming in time daily, it is ensured that except label on each plant
Without other loads outside room, plant is made to keep strong growth potential；Third is that falling seedling in time, seedling height 15cm or so is fallen every time, altogether
Fall seedling 8-11 times, anti-falling stop seedling inhibits plant vegetative growth.
The area X cultivation management: for the incidence for improving normal ovary, the area X cultivation management is first is that implement " appropriateness control fertilizer control water "
Strategy, i.e., each irrigation amount 6m3, 25% is reduced than normal irrigation amount, while with water water-flush compound fertilizer 2kg, than normal topdressing amount
Reduce 50%；Second is that normally adopting melon, make plant that there is fruit load appropriate to ensure the medium growth potential on the weak side of plant；Third is that normal
Seedling is fallen, falls seedling height 50cm or so every time, suitably inhibition plant vegetative growth.
Other management are the same as the upper Routine Management of production.
Label and sampling: from April 28th, 2015, every afternoon randomly selected life in the area D and the area X cultivated population respectively
The typical single plant of long neat and consistent therefrom selects the female flower of main stem nearly growing point virgin room 2.0~2.5cm of length to carry out listed mark
Note, ovary different development stage are indicated with number of days after marking, and are denoted as 1d on the day of label, and so on.Measurement every afternoon mark
Remember the ovary length of female flower, records corolla color, it is special according to ' 6457 ' naturally-occurring typical super ovarys and normal ovary feature
Property (table 1), respectively the area D and the area X press female flower different development stage to corolla, ovary carry out separately sampled, liquid nitrogen flash freezer, save
It is spare in -70 DEG C of refrigerators.
The super ovary of table 1 and normal ovary sampling standard
In table 1, the N-4 in normal ovary developmental stage column refers to the 4th day spent before blooming, and N-3 refers to the 3rd spent before blooming
It, and so on；Similarly, the S-8 in column of super ovary development period refer to spend it is in full bloom before the 8th day, S-7 refer to spend it is in full bloom before
7th day, and so on.As known from Table 1, relative to normal ovary developmental stage, super ovary development period, the flowers are in blossom, and the time is bright
It is aobvious to delay；And spending for super ovary is obviously bigger than spending for normal ovary；The length of finally obtained super ovary compares normal-sub
Room it is bigger.
Cucumber ovary (fruit) and female bud stage corolla length are measured simultaneously, record corolla color.Investigation every morning note
The flowering time of record mark female flower is super (normal) by the investigation super ovary incidence of canonical statistics and normal ovary incidence
The accumulative number of blooming of ovary incidence=super (normal) ovary/(label female flower number-sampling number) × 100%.Different disposal is to super
The influence of grade ovary incidence and normal ovary incidence is as shown in Figure 1.
Period measures plant strain growth gesture (leaf length, leaf width, internode length, stem thickness), specific as shown in table 2.
Record weather condition (fine day, cloudy day, cloudy, rainy day), weather condition spend preceding 8 days institutes with super ovary daily simultaneously
Account for percentage expression, fine day rate=fine day number of days/8 day × 100%.Measure the rings such as sunlight room temperature, illumination, relative humidity
The border factor, the influence that super ovary and normal ovary occur for analysis environmental factor.It is specific as shown in Figure 2.
Influence of 1.1 different disposals to super ovary incidence and normal ovary incidence
As shown in Figure 1, super ovary induction area (area D) super ovary incidence shows as being gradually increasing from low to high thereafter
Downward trend, induction initial stage (4.28-5.3 days) super ovary incidence is lower, average out to 2.8%；Surpass within the 6th day after induction
Grade ovary incidence is continuously improved, until 5.15 reach peak, i.e., then super ovary incidence 84.4% declines, it is seen that
5.15 sampling samples are the best samples of the super ovary subsequent analysis in the area D；And the normal ovary hair of normal ovary induction area (area X)
Raw rate show as it is overall in the trend that is gradually reduced from high to low, induction initial stage (4.28-5.3 day) normally ovary incidence compared with
Height, average out to 96.5%, wherein date 4.30,5.2 normal ovary incidences are 100%, gradually decrease down 73.9% thereafter, because
This, determines that the date 4.30,5.2 is that the normal ovary in the area X most preferably samples batch.
1.2 different disposal plant strain growth gesture compare
The area D and the area X plant strain growth gesture are more specific as shown in table 2.
2 area D of table and the area X plant strain growth gesture compare
As shown in Table 2, super ovary induction area (area D) Plant Leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, internode length, stem thickness are respectively than just
Normal ovary induction area (area X) increases 16.9%, 27.6%, 49.2%, 7.7%, 24.5%, illustrates ' 6457 ' plant of self-mating system
Healthy and strong, growth potential is the necessary condition that super ovary occurs by force, and medium plant strain growth gesture plant on the weak side is easy to produce high ratio
The normal ovary of example.
Influence of 1.3 illumination to ovary induction incidence
To be known by Fig. 2, illumination shows opposite trend to the influence that super ovary and normal ovary occur, and fine day rate is high,
Super ovary incidence is higher, and the same period normal ovary incidence is lower, and April 28 to May 2, per day fine day rate 55%, surpassed
Grade ovary incidence average out to 2.8%, and the same period normal ovary rate average out to 96.5%, wherein April 30 and fine day on May 2
Rate is respectively 63% and 50%, and normal ovary incidence is up to 100%, and super ovary incidence is respectively 1.4% He
1.5%；May 3 to 9 per day fine day rates 42.9%, super ovary incidence average out to 44.5%, and the same period normal ovary rate
Average out to 89.2%；May 10 to 16 per day fine day rates 89.3%, super ovary incidence average out to 77.5%, and the same period
Normal ovary rate average out to 82.4%, wherein fine day rate 100% on May 15, super ovary incidence reach peak 84.4%, just
Normal ovary incidence is only 75.0%.Different weather temperature indoor illumination is different, after measured fine day, in cloudy, rainy days greenhouse most
Big intensity of illumination is respectively 30~45,15~20,1~5Klux.As it can be seen that continuous sunny advantageously forms super ovary, illumination is not
Foot advantageously forms normal ovary.
In summary, the present invention is changed the incidence of super ovary by cultivation management, environmental condition.The present invention adopts
With the cultivation managements mode such as " big hypertrophy water ", " reducing the load of commodity melon " " falling seedling in time ", obtains the best fruiting period super ovary and occur
Rate is up to 84.4%.By analyzing best fruiting period environmental factor, it is found that the generation of super ovary is also related with illumination.Sufficient illumination
Conducive to more photosynthates are formed, fruits/plant is made to have accumulated more photosynthate.In short, the plant for generating super ovary needs to give birth to
Growing way is strong, and a high proportion of super ovary occurs in the period of leaf area 645.5cm2, stem thickness 9.4mm and continuous sunny.
Conversely, normal ovary cultivation management is " appropriateness control fertilizer control water ", " normally adopting melon ", " normally falling seedling " etc..March 21
After field planting, plant strain growth gesture is medium on the weak side at the beginning of 5 months, leaf area 432.6cm2, stem thickness 7.5mm, and illumination is insufficient in addition, so normally
Ovary incidence is up to 100%.
Embodiment 2
A kind of method that the super ovary of efficient inducing cucumber occurs, comprising the following steps:
1 mu of greenhouse is selected, site preparation applies base manure, and base manure is decomposed pig manure and compound fertilizer, by the soil face of plantation cucumber
Product meter, decomposed pig manure dosage are 14.5kg/m2, the dosage of compound fertilizer is 0.25kg/m2；
Cucumber self-mating system ' 6457 ' is selected to be planted, using double high ridge plastic film mulching cultivations, wherein wide row space 68-
72cm, small line-spacing are 48-52cm, spacing in the rows 23-27cm；
A target melon is stayed in the main stem of every cucumber plant；
It once every watering in 4 days based on the land area of plantation cucumber, waters every time in the best fruiting period of cucumber plant
Water is 0.074m3/m2；
With water top dressing, based on the land area of plantation cucumber, the dosage of each top dressing are as follows: 0.043kg/ while watering
m2, the mass ratio of the N P and K in compound fertilizer used in top dressing is 0.9:1.1:1.1；
Between the best fruiting period, continuous sunny, falling seedling height every time is 12-17cm, is fallen altogether seedling 11 times.
In addition, at greenhouse ventilation opening and doorway is respectively provided with fly net, clean up on all plant in full field all male flowers and
Male flower flower bud and repeat daily later, using amino methyl class insecticidal smoke, (10% Mobucin, Hebi City agricultural pharmacy are limited
Company) smoked canopy kills in greenhouse insect to prevent pollination.
The incidence of the super ovary of obtained cucumber is 90%.
Embodiment 3
A kind of method that the super ovary of efficient inducing cucumber occurs, comprising the following steps:
1 mu of greenhouse is selected, site preparation applies base manure, and base manure is decomposed pig manure and compound fertilizer, by the soil face of plantation cucumber
Product meter, decomposed pig manure dosage are 14.2kg/m2, the dosage of compound fertilizer is 0.20kg/m2；
Cucumber self-mating system ' 6457 ' is selected to be planted, using double high ridge plastic film mulching cultivations, wherein wide row space 68-
72cm, small line-spacing are 48-52cm, spacing in the rows 23-27cm；
A target melon is stayed in the main stem of every cucumber plant；
In the best fruiting period of cucumber plant, once every watering in 4-5 days, based on the land area of plantation cucumber, water every time
Water be 0.078m3/m2；
With water top dressing, based on the land area of plantation cucumber, the dosage of each top dressing are as follows: 0.048kg/ while watering
m2, the mass ratio of the N P and K in compound fertilizer used in top dressing is 1.1:0.9:0.9；
Between the best fruiting period, continuous sunny, falling seedling height every time is 12-17cm, is fallen altogether seedling 8 times.
In addition, at greenhouse ventilation opening and doorway is respectively provided with fly net, clean up on all plant in full field all male flowers and
Male flower flower bud and repeat daily later, using amino methyl class insecticidal smoke, (10% Mobucin, Hebi City agricultural pharmacy are limited
Company) smoked canopy kills in greenhouse insect to prevent pollination.
The incidence of the super ovary of obtained cucumber is 89%.
Although illustrate and describing the present invention with specific embodiment, it will be appreciated that without departing substantially from of the invention
Many other change and modification can be made in the case where spirit and scope.It is, therefore, intended that in the following claims
Including belonging to all such changes and modifications in the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of method that the super ovary of efficient inducing cucumber occurs, which is characterized in that stay one in the main stem of every cucumber plant
A target melon keeps the cucumber plant in the strong growth potential in the best fruiting period, falls seedling in time, keeps sufficient illumination, the light
According to intensity be 30~45Klux, the kind of the cucumber is cucumber self-mating system ' 6457 ', and the cucumber of super ovary occurs
The 8th day before in full bloom, ovary was 2.0~2.2cm, and corolla is green flower bud；The 7th day before in full bloom, ovary was 2.5~3.0cm,
Corolla is green flower bud；The 6th day before in full bloom is 3.5~4.0cm, and corolla is yellowish green flower bud；The 5th day before in full bloom, ovary 4.5
~5.0cm, corolla are yellowish green flower bud；The 4th day before in full bloom, ovary was 5.5~6.5cm, and corolla is yellowish green flower bud；Before in full bloom
3rd day, ovary was 8.0~9.0cm, and corolla is greenish-yellow flower bud；The 2nd day before in full bloom, ovary was 10.5~11.5cm, and corolla is
Greenish-yellow flower bud；The 1st day before in full bloom, ovary was 12.5~13.5cm, corolla Huang Lei；On the same day in full bloom, ovary for 15.5~
16.5cm。
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein the strong growth potential is realized by big loose water.
3. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the big fertilizer is using with water top dressing；By the soil of plantation cucumber
Ground area meter, the dosage of each top dressing are as follows: 0.043-0.048kg/m2。
4. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, fertilizer used in the top dressing be compound fertilizer, it is described compound
The mass ratio of N P and K is 0.9-1.1:0.9-1.1:0.9-1.1 in fertilizer.
5. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, the flood is primary to water every 4-5 days, by plantation Huang
The land area meter of melon, the water watered every time are 0.074-0.078m3/m2。
6. the method according to claim 1, wherein the seedling that falls is that fall seedling height every time be 12-17cm；In Huang
Melon is fallen seedling 8-11 times altogether during growing.
7. the method according to claim 1, wherein the cucumber plant is using double high ridge plastic film mulching cultivations,
Wherein, wide row space 68-72cm, small line-spacing are 48-52cm, spacing in the rows 23-27cm.
8. the method according to the description of claim 7 is characterized in that plantation before, by plantation cucumber land area based on, application
Base manure is decomposed pig manure 14.2-14.5kg/m2With compound fertilizer 0.20-0.25kg/m2。
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