CN1052046C - 多层非织造隔热纤维胎及其制备方法 - Google Patents

多层非织造隔热纤维胎及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN1052046C
CN1052046C CN95193110A CN95193110A CN1052046C CN 1052046 C CN1052046 C CN 1052046C CN 95193110 A CN95193110 A CN 95193110A CN 95193110 A CN95193110 A CN 95193110A CN 1052046 C CN1052046 C CN 1052046C
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卡罗尔E·赫茨伯格
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Abstract

提供一种多层非织造隔热纤维胎。该纤维胎包括一粘合切段纤维和切段填充纤维的混合,该纤维成形到一多层纤维胎内。随后,粘合纤维有节制地在接触点处粘合切段填充纤维,以增强多层纤维胎的结构稳定性,但允许各纤维网层在机械作用下分层。并提供一种制造隔热非织造多层纤维胎的方法,包括:(a)形成粘合切段纤维和切段填充纤维的纤维网,使之具有一基本光滑侧面和一疏松纤维侧面;(b)形成一多层纤维网的纤维胎;(c)多层纤维胎受热,使每层内粘合切段纤维与其它纤维在接触点处粘合,各层之间充分粘合,以使纤维胎稳定化。

Description

多层非织造隔热纤维胎及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及改进的由合成纤维材料和特别是具有隔热性能一致性和羽绒手感的隔热材料构成的隔热和缓冲结构。
背景技术
大家知道许多天然的和合成的填充材料用于隔热作用,外衣之类如短外衣,冬季运动帽,手套,睡袋和床上用品如枕头、盖被、床垫、床罩。
天然羽绒已广泛应用于隔热,主要是因为它突出的单位重量隔热效率,柔软性和回弹性能。由于可以适当地松散和容纳在一物品或衣服的里面,羽绒一般被选被选择为隔热材料。但是羽绒当变湿时,会变紧密且失去它的隔热特性,并且当它暴露在潮气中时会发出一种令人相当不舒服的气味。同时,当物品中的羽绒压紧时,也需仔细地受控制的清洁和干燥过程恢复它的蓬松和所产生的隔热特性。
对制备具有羽绒特性和结构的,以合成纤维为基底的结构已有了许多尝试。有几种尝试生产了代替羽绒的替代品,它通过将合成纤维材料转变成具有与纤维胎面相关的特定方向的纤维、然后粘合纤维用以稳定纤维网来提高隔热特性的隔热纤维胎。
这样的尝试包括一用一般共面纤维包裹在套子里形成的枕头,其中纤维大体垂直于枕头表面的椭圆横截面的主轴线,以提供一定的回弹性和蓬松性;一隔热材料,它是一微纤维与卷曲膨松纤维相混合的纤维网,卷曲膨松纤维可任意地充分地与微纤维相混合、相互缠结,以提供每位厚度上高的热阻和适中的重量;一有缠结切段纤维和粘合切段纤维非织造隔热纤维胎,它在纤维网的表面部分大体平行于纤维网的表面,而在纤维胎的中心部分大体垂直于胎面,同时,粘合切段纤维在接触点与结构切段纤维和其他的粘合切段纤维相粘合。
其他的结构包括一80-90%重量、直径3-12微米纺丝和拉伸的卷曲切段合成聚合微纤维和5-20%重量、直径是从大于12微米一直到50微米的合成聚合切段微纤维的混合物,这后一种纤维被描述为其隔热特性可与羽绒相比;一粘合纤维结构的合成纤维隔热材料,它包括直径3-12微米的70-95%重量的合成聚合微纤维和直径12-50微米的5-30%重量的合成聚合微纤维,其中至少一些纤维在它们的接触点处粘合,粘合的隔热特性是相等于或大体上不小于未粘合集合物的隔热特性。在该集合物中,整个集合物是粘合在一起的,以保持对细纤维的支持和强度,而不受大纤维成分的较低热容量的影响。
一建议用于提供一回弹的,热粘合的非织造纤维纤维胎的更进一步的结构,包括在一平面上有均匀的压缩模量,它比垂直于这个平面方向测量的压缩模量要大,并且在整个厚度上的密度大体相同。该纤维胎通过形成一包含有至少20%重量的卷曲的和/或可卷曲的复合纤维,也就是双组分粘合纤维的纤维胎来制备,它具有能在每厘米延伸长度上小于10个卷曲的卷曲频度,以及5到30的分特。纤维胎是通过让它经受一加热到超出软化复合纤维成分温度的向上的流体流动来影响内部纤维粘合而实现热粘合的。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种具有隔热特性、舒适性和天然羽绒感觉的合成材料。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种没有羽绒对潮湿的敏感性的合成材料。
本发明的又一个目的是提供一种即使在使用和洗涤后仍具有这些特性的纤维胎。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种纤维胎的制造方法,这种方法可便于受控分层,从而提高纤维胎的覆盖性、柔软性和手感。
本发明的再一个目的是提供一种通过改变纤维的旦尼尔数、基本重量、切段填充纤维与粘合纤维的长度比,纤维类型,层面的表面结构和粘合状况来改变纤维胎的机械特性如密度、抗压性能、膨松性和隔热性能的方法。
本发明的技术方案
本发明提供一种多层非织造隔热纤维胎,它具有粘合切段纤维和切段填充纤维的混合,其纤维是呈多层纤维胎的形式,粘合纤维在接触点处与填充纤维有节制地粘合,以增强纤维胎的结构稳定性,但允许在机械作用下各纤维网层分层。纤维胎可包括2旦尼尔或更多旦尼尔的切段填充纤维。各层最好具有一基本光滑侧面和一疏松纤维侧面。
本发明也提供一种制备多层非织造隔热纤维胎的方法,包括如下的步骤:
(a)形成一粘合切段纤维和填充切段纤维的纤维网,以便纤维网具有一基本光滑侧面和一疏松纤维侧面;
(b)形成一由所述多层纤维网构成的纤维胎。
(c)使所述成层的纤维胎接受足够的热,以使粘合切段纤维在每一层内与其它粘合切段纤维和切段填充纤维在接触点处粘合,并使每层之间粘合到足以使纤维胎稳定化,但在纤维胎受到机械作用时允许各层分层。较好是通过梳理形成纤维网,而铺层则通过交叉铺放梳理的纤维网实现。最好梳理机装备有一道夫滚筒和一凝聚辊,以对多层中的每一层提供一基本光滑侧面和一疏松纤维侧面。
本发明的多层非织造隔热纤维胎具有隔热特性,特别是单位重量隔热效率可与羽绒的单位重量隔热效率相比或超过它,但没有羽绒对潮湿的敏感性。多层纤维胎中各层的受控分层提高了纤维胎的覆盖性、柔软性或手感,并且与不允许受控分层的纤维网的成分和构造相比提高了隔热特性。
令人惊奇的是本发明的纤维胎在使用和洗涤后仍具有很高的隔热性能,不象许多其它合成隔热材料那样在使用和洗涤后即降低其隔热性能等级。本发明的纤维胎的机械特性例如密度,抗压性能,膨松性和它的隔热性能可通过改变纤维的旦尼尔数,基本重量,切段填充纤维与粘合纤维的长度比,纤维类型,层面的表面结构和粘合状况、在一很大的范围内变动。
附图简要说明
图1所示为本发明非织造隔热纤维胎的多层结构。
图2所示为通过机械作用重新配置后的图1的分层的多层纤维胎。
图3为本发明多层非织造隔热纤维胎的另一代表结构。
图4所示为通过机械作用重新配置后的图3的分层的多层纤维胎。
对本发明的详细说明
图1中所示为本发明非织造隔热纤维胎10,它由包括切段填充纤维12和切段粘合纤维13的多层11构成。粘合纤维在每一层中的接触点处和一层与另一层连接处与其他粘合纤维和填充纤维粘合到足够程度以在受到机械作用后使各层保持它们的完整性,但互相分层,如图2所示。如图2所示,纤维胎10受到机械作用而引起分层。被分层了的各层得到一波形15,而使纤维胎的隔热性能增强。
图3和图4分别表示在分层前(图3)和分层后(图4)的纤维胎20的状态。如图1和图2所示的纤维胎一样,纤维胎20由包括切段填充纤维22和切段粘合纤维23的多层21构成。粘合纤维在每一层中接触点处和一层与另一层24连接处与其它粘合纤维和填充纤维粘合到足够程度,以在受到机械作用后,各层仍保持其完整性,但互相分层,如图4所示。如图2所示的纤维胎一样,图4所示为纤维胎20受到机械作用而引起层面分层,并在各层内形成一波形25。
如图1和图3所示,在本发明的纤维胎中,每一层在分层前后均具有一基本光滑面16和一疏松纤维面17。在本实施例中是光滑面与光滑面接触而纤维面与纤维面接触呈交替状态。如图1和图2中实施例所示每一层一样,在图3和图4所示的实施例中,多层中的每一层均具有一基本光滑面26和一疏松纤维面27。但在本实施例中,层面接触是光滑面对疏松纤维面相互接触。当然,可将纤维胎设计成每一层在每一侧面具有一基本光滑面,在每一侧面具有一疏松纤维面或具有两个基本光滑侧面的多层与在每侧面具有纤维面的多层相互交替。
用于本发明的切段填充纤维通常是单组分的,包括,但不局限于,聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯,聚酰胺,羊毛,聚氯乙烯,丙烯酸和聚烯烃如聚丙烯。虽然卷曲的和不卷曲切段填充纤维可用于本发明的纤维胎,但是较好用具有每厘米1-10个卷曲数的卷曲纤维,最好用具有每厘米3-5个卷曲数的卷曲纤维。
虽然150mm长的切段填充纤维也能使用,但是适用于本发明纤维胎的切段填充纤维的长度还是以15mm到大约50mm的为好,最好是从25mm到50mm。
填充纤维的直径可在相当宽的范围内变化。可是,这样的变化改变了稳定化纤维胎的物理特性和垫特性。通常,较细旦尼尔的纤维增加纤维胎的隔热特性,而较大旦尼尔的纤维则减小纤维胎的隔热特性。对于切段填充纤维有用的纤维旦尼尔范围以0.2-15旦尼尔为好,0.5-5旦尼尔更好,最好的范围是从0.5-3旦尼尔。可采用混合的纤维旦尼尔数以得到希望的稳定化纤维胎的热特性、机械特性和优质的手感。4旦尼尔以下的较细旦尼尔的切段纤维提供改进的热阻,覆盖性,柔软度和手感,当旦尼尔数减小时这些性能有较大提高。大于大约4旦尼尔的较大旦尼尔纤维使纤维胎具有较大的强度,缓冲和回弹力,随着纤维旦尼尔数增加,这些特性大大增强。
许多粘合纤维适用于稳定本发明的纤维胎,包括非结晶的可熔纤维,可被不连续涂复有粘附涂层的纤维,和沿着纤维的长度在一共同并排延伸的、同心皮芯或椭圆皮芯结构上并排排列的具有一粘附组分和一旦尼尔持组分的双组分粘合纤维,并且粘附组分至少形成了纤维外表面的一部分。可粘合纤维的粘附组分最好用热粘合。热粘合纤维的粘附组分必须能在一低于纤维胎的切段填充纤维的熔解温度的温度下热激活(如可熔)。
用于本发明的粘合纤维的尺寸范围可从大约0.5到15旦尼尔,但如果粘合纤维的尺寸小于大约4旦尼尔、并最好小于大约2旦尼尔时可得到最佳隔热特性。和切段填充纤维一起使用时,较小旦尼尔数的粘合纤维提高了纤维胎的隔热特性,而较大旦尼尔数的粘合纤维则降低了纤维胎的隔热特性。和切段填充纤维一起使用时,也可使用一等于或大于2旦尼尔的粘合纤维的混合物。
虽然长达150mm的纤维也可用,但粘合纤维的长度以大约15mm到75mm为好,最好是大约25mm到50mm。粘合纤维最好是卷曲的,且以每厘米具有1到10个卷曲为好,最好是每厘米3到5个卷曲。当然粘附粉末和喷雾状物也可用于粘合切段填充纤维,但是它们很难在整个纤维网上均匀分布,故不很理想。
一用于稳定本发明纤维胎的特别有用的粘合纤维是一卷曲的皮芯型粘合纤维,它有一个结晶的聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯的核心,核心被一激活的共聚聚烯烃的粘附聚合物外壳包围。外壳在一低于核心材料温度时可被热软化。由Hoechst Celanese公司提供的这种纤维,对于本发明纤维胎的制备特别有用,并且在美国专利No.5,256,050和美国专利No.4,950,541中有所说明。其他皮芯型粘附纤维也可用以改进本发明的特性。典型的例子包括用来提高纤维胎的回弹性能的、具有一较高模量的核心的纤维或用来提高纤维胎的干清洁性的具有较好溶解度的外壳的纤维。
本发明纤维胎的切段填充纤维和粘合切段纤维的数量可在一较大的范围内变动。纤维胎中切段填充纤维与切段粘合纤维的纤维长度比可按下式计算:切段填充纤维与切段粘合纤维的长度比较好为至少2∶1左右,至少2∶5左右更好,最好为至少5∶1左右。一般来说,纤维长度比最好不要超过(10-15)∶1,否则纤维胎的完整性不够。
本发明非织造隔热纤维胎以能提供单位重量隔热效率至少大约25clo/kg/m2并且辐射参数小于大约20(/mk)(kg/m3)(100),更好的是小于大约15(/mk)(kg/m3)(100),最好的是小于10(/mk)(kg/m3)(100)。
本发明非织造纤维胎的容积密度以小于大约0.1g/cm3为好,更好的是小于大约0.005g/cm3,最好的是小于大约0.003g/cm3。当容积密度小到0.001g/cm3或更小时,能得到有效的隔热特性。为得到这些容积密度,纤维胎的厚度范围以0.5-15cm为好,更好的是1-10cm,最好的是2-8cm,并且基础重量最好为20-400g/cm2。一般来说,纤维胎的厚度在分层后比分层前增加25-40%,虽然其重量基本维持不变。
构成本发明纤维胎各层的纤维网能利用任何普通的成网工艺制备,包括梳理,扯松,如利用Rando-ebberTM的气流成网等。通常梳理是较佳的。每一层的厚度以大约1-60mm为好,更好的是3-20mm,并且每层的基础重量以大约5-300g/m2为好,最好是大约10-30g/m2
在本发明的较佳实施例中,纤维网的每一层均具有一基本光滑表面和一疏松纤维表面。低密度的疏松纤维表面可增加纤维胎的厚度和热阻。基本光滑表面由于纤维互相缠结较少,故允许相邻层间较少粘合,因此有利秀机械作用下的受控分层。
形成多层纤维胎的方法不是关键性的。可通过交叉铺网、多道夫铺网、通过联接纤维网成形设备或任何其他铺网技术而形成多层。本发明纤维胎可以容纳至大约100层,但通常容纳10-60层。
热粘合可通过任何能达到足够粘合切段粘拉纤维以提供足够的结构稳定性的装置实现。这样的装置包括,但不局限于,普通的热空气炉,微波炉,或红外线能源。
纤维胎的分层可以采用足以引起多层被分层但不足以引起各层破坏的任何机械作用进行。这种机械作用的典型例子包括洗涤或只是旋转干燥机在有固体物如网球时的作用。
在下面的例子中,使用下列的测定方法。
厚度
应用一Custon科学仪器公司的型号为No.CS-49-46的低压厚度测量仪、并在表面上作用一13.8Pa(0.002psi)的力来确定每块纤维胎的厚度。
密度
密度
固定两平面样品的尺寸、并按上述方法测出厚度而确定出每个纤维胎中的一个样品的体积。样品的密度是质量除以体积而计算出来的。
分层
目测一样品在洗涤或其它机械作用之后的分层数目,并用三个样品的一平均值来确定。
热阻
可根据ASTM-D-15185确定由于热对流,传导,和辐射机理而引起的混合热损失而测定出纤维胎的热阻。
辐射参数
辐射参数采用下式计算:
辐射参数=KobsPweb-KairPweb
式中:Kpbs=观察到的纤维胎的导热率
      Pweb=纤维网密度
      Kair=静止空气的导热率,即0.025w/m°K
洗涤
每个纤维胎样品的洗涤是在放在两层100%棉细布织物之间的3.123×103cm2纤维胎板上进行的,该织物具有76×80的纱支,基本重量为100g/m2,棉外部织物的边缘缝牢。测试板在顶部装料的KenmoreTM70系列洗涤机(由Sears公司提供)中,在冷水(20℃)中采用一精确循环周期的连续搅动41分钟(等于5个单个循环),然后进行正常漂洗、离心脱水,并用一KenmoreTM SoftHeat型号86577110重载干燥机以精确循环周期的低热设定值进行干燥45分钟。
手感
每块纤维胎的手感从差,一般,良好到优秀的一标定范围上加以评定和划分。
下面的实施例将进一步说明本发明,但在这些实施例中的具体的材料,数量和其他条件和细节不应不合理的限制本发明。在实施例中,所有的成分和百分比除非有特别说明,均以重量表示。
实施例1-3
在实施例1中,切段填充纤维(55%重量的TreviraTM型121聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯,1.2旦尼尔,3.8cm长,可从HoechstCelanese公司得到)和粘合纤维(根据美国专利No.4,950,541和美国专利No.5,256,050制备的45%重量的皮芯型纤维,有一被一共聚聚烯烃的粘附聚合物外壳包围的结晶聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯,2.2旦尼尔、2.54cm长)是用一HergethHollingsworth公司的CromtexTM开松机开松和混合,切段填充纤维与切段粘合纤维的纤维长度比为2.2。纤维被传送到一梳理机,该梳理机使用一个单道夫滚筒和一个单凝聚辊,这样该梳理机提供一纤维网,它在一侧上纤维是基本定向于机器方向,以提供一大体平滑的表面、而在另一表面上纤维朝向一更垂直的方向,以提供一疏松的纤维特性。然后取下的纤维网通常交叉铺网成—12折、24层的多层纤维网。然后每个纤维网穿过一温度为218摄氏度,速率是1.68米/分的空气循环炉,以得到一稳定的纤维网,其基本重量为125g/m2
在实施例2中,一纤维胎如实施例1那样制备,除了纤维的含量是切段填充纤维22%重量的TreviraTM型121聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯,1.2旦尼尔,3.8cm长,以及44%重量的TreviraTM型121聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯,0.85旦尼尔,3.8cm长,均可从HoechstCelanese公司得到)和切段粘合纤维(在实施例1中使用的34%重量的皮芯型纤维)以提供切段填充纤维与切段粘合纤维长度比为4.5∶1。
在实施例3中,一纤维胎如实施例1那样制备,除了纤维的含量是切段填充纤维(25%重量的TreviraTM型121聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯,1.2旦尼尔,3.8cm长,以及50%重量的TreviraTM型121聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯,0.85旦尼尔,3.8cm长,均可从HoechstCelanese公司得到)和切段粘合纤维(在实施例1中使用的25%重量的皮芯型纤维),以提供切段填充纤维与切段粘合纤维长度比为7∶1。
每个实施例的样品均被真空装填到其原体积的25%达一周,以模拟装运条件,并在试验前被允许恢复24小时。然后对样品进行基本重量、体积密度、厚度、热阻测试。将样品放入试验板,如上所述进行洗涤。洗涤之后评定样品,从原先的单层结构所产生的分层,以及厚度、热阻、辐射参数、单位重量隔热效率及手感。测试结果及切段填充纤维与切段粘合纤维长度比显示在表I中。
    表I
实施例     1     2     4
基本重量(g/m3)     125     135     139
填充/粘合纤维长度比     2.2∶1     4.5∶1     7∶1
体积密度(kg/m3)起始洗涤后 4.33.0 4.93.5 4.63.3
厚度起始洗涤后 2.94.1 2.83.9 3.04.3
热阻(clo)起始洗涤后 3.23.8 2.64.8 3.75.0
洗涤后分层状的多层     2.0     3.8     4.5
辐射参数(W/mK)9kg/m3)×100起始洗涤后 14.4136% 21.49.5 12.69.9
单位重量隔热效率(clo/kg/m2)起始洗涤后 25.630.0 19.335.6 27.436.0
手感起始洗涤后 良优 良优 良优
正如从表1中的数据所示,本发明隔热纤维胎具有极好的热阻,特别好的手感或结构软度。当填充纤维与粘合纤维长度比增加时,热阻和单位重量隔热效率均提高。同时显示纤维胎的辐射参数值较低,故由于热辐射引起的热量损失也低。实施例4-6和比较实施例C1-C3
实施例4的准备除具有173g/cm3的基本重量外同实施例1,实施例5的准备除具有176g/m3的基本重量外同实施例2。实施例6的准备除具有179g/cm3的基本重量外同实施例3。比较实施例的准备除纤维的数量和类型如下外其余同实施例1:
比较实施例1:切段填充纤维(55%重量的TreviraTM型295聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯纤维,6.0旦尼尔,3.81cm长)和切段粘合纤维(如在实施例1中使用的45%重量的皮芯型纤维)。
比较实施例2:切段填充纤维(27.5重量的TreviraTM型121聚乙烯对酞酸盐纤维,1.2旦尼尔,3.8cm长和27.5%重量的TreviaTM型295聚乙烯对酞酸盐纤维,6.0旦尼尔,3.81cm长可从Hoechst Celanese公司得到)和切段粘合纤维(如在实施例1中使用的45%重量的皮芯型纤维)。
比较实施例3:切段填充纤维(27.5%重量的TreviraTM型121聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯纤维,0.85%旦尼尔,3.81cm长,和27.5%重量的TreviraTM型295聚乙烯对酞酸盐纤维,6.9旦尼尔,3.81cm长)和切段粘合纤维(如在实施例1中使用的45%重量的皮芯型纤维)。
每种纤维胎生产的样品的测试同实施例1-3。测试结果以及切段填充纤维与切段粘合纤维长度比表示在表II中。
    表II
实施例     4     5     6   C1   C2   C3
  基本重量(g/m3)   173   176   179   263   199   223
  填充/粘合纤维长度比   2.2∶1   4.5∶1   7∶1   0.5∶1   1.3∶1   1.8
  体积密度(kg/m3)起始洗涤后 4.73.7 4.83.6 4.53.4 5.85.3 4.54.3 5.65.4
  厚度起始洗涤后 3.74.7 3.75.0 4.05.2 4.55.0 4.44.7 4.04.1
  热阻(clo)起始洗涤后 3.23.8 2.64.8 3.75.0
  洗涤后分层状的多层   2.2   4.3   5.7   1.0   1.0   1.0
  辐射参数(W/mK)9kg/m3)×100起始洗涤后 16.713.8 14.312.9 13.7104 21.621.1 18.819.9 18.621.6
  单位重量隔热效率(clo/kg/m2)起始洗涤后 22.528.3 25.029.5 25.933.9 17.818.9 21.421.1 19.818.4
  手感起始洗涤后 良优 良优 良优 良优 良优 良优
实施例7、8和比较实施例C4-C8
在实施例7中,纤维胎的准备除具有151g/m3的基本重量外同实施例2;而在实施例8中,纤维胎的准备除具有145g/m3的基本重量外同实施例3。
在比较实施例C4-C8中采用实施例7、8中采用的测试方法,对从商业渠道得到的各种隔热材料进行评定。这些材料是:比较实施例C4-从威斯康星州Lacrosse的公司仓库得到的鹅绒600;比较实施例C5-从纽约州Albany的Al-bany国际公司得到的PrimaloftTM;比较实施例C6-从特拉华州Wilmington的杜邦公司得到的ComforelTM;比较实施例C7-从加利福尼亚州San Mateo的Eastman化学公司得到的Kod-O-FilTM;以及比较实施例C8-从杜邦公司得到的ThermoloftTM。测定结果表示在表III中。
    表I
实施例     7     8   C4   C5   C6   C7   C8
基本重量(g/m3)   151   145   237   306   278   146   324
  填充/粘合纤维长度比   4.5∶1   7∶1    …   …   …   …   …
  体积密度(kg/m3)起始洗涤后 4.83.7 4.63.4 4.03.6 7.86.2 7.25.3 6.65.9 8.86.7
  厚度起始洗涤后 3.14.1 3.14.4 6.06.6 3.94.9 3.95.3 2.22.5 3.74.9
  热阻(clo)起始洗涤后 3.65.0 3.94.9 7.47.5 5.35.8 5.56.3 2.32.2 4.44.7
  洗涤后分层状的多层   3.2   4.0   …   …   …   …   …
  辐射参数(W/mK)9kg/m3)×100起始洗涤后 14.910.6 12.410.7 10.811.5 18.018.5 14.615.2 31.135.4 25.628.0
  单位重量隔热效率(clo/kg/m2)起始洗涤后 23.832.5 26.933.8 31.131.5 17.318.9 19.822.8 15.814.7 13.514.4
  手感起始洗涤后 良优 良优 良优 良良 良良 差差 中差
如表III中的数据所示,本发明的实施例7和8除比较实施例C4的鹅绒外,其起始和洗涤后的单位重量隔热效率均高于比较隔热材料。实施例8显示可与比较实施例C4的鹅绒相比的极好的软度或手感。实施例9、10
在实施例9、10中,纤维胎的准备除纤维内容为填充纤维(68%重量的Tre-viraTM121聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯,1.2旦尼尔,3.8cm长)和切段粘合纤维(32%重量的皮芯型纤维,它具有被一长共聚聚烯烃的粘附聚合物外壳包围的结晶聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯核心,3旦尼尔,2.5cm,按照美国专利No.4950541和美国专利5,256,050制备)外,其余均与实施例1相同。在实施例9中,纤维胎的测试与实施例1相同。在实施例10中,除了纤维胎在一周贮存和24小时恢复时间后并不洗涤,只有三个样品象在洗涤试验中一样是已用细棉布成层,并绕周边缝合,并在干燥机(KenmoreTM Soft Heat型号864771110重载干燥机)里受到4小时用2个网球以精确循环周期的低热设定值进行干燥之外,与实施例1相同。测试结果表示在表IV中。
    表IV
实施例     9     10
基本重量(g/m3)     259     259
填充/粘合纤维长度比     10.2     10.2
体积密度(kg/m3)起始洗涤后滚筒内翻滚后 6.25.0… 6.5…4.3
厚度起始洗涤后滚筒内翻滚后 4.25.2… 4.0…6.0
热阻(clo)起始洗涤后滚筒内翻滚后 16.116.9… 13.1…12.8
洗涤后分层状的多层     5.0     5.0
辐射参数(W/mK)9kg/m3)×100起始洗涤后滚筒内翻滚后 16.116.9… 13.1…12.8
单位重量隔热效率(clo/kg/m2)起始洗涤后滚筒内翻滚后 20.522.0… 22.0…27.4
手感起始洗涤后滚筒内翻滚后 良优… 良…优

Claims (18)

1.一种多层非织造隔热纤维胎,它包括一粘合切段纤维和切段填充纤维的混合,该纤维被成形到一多层纤维胎内,粘合纤维接着有节制地在接触点处粘合切段填充纤维,以增强多层纤维胎的结构稳定性,但允许各纤维网层在机械作用下分层。
2.如权利要求1所述的多层非织造隔热纤维胎,其特征在于,所述的纤维胎包括2旦尼尔或更多旦尼尔数的切段填充纤维。
3.如利要求1所述的多层非织造隔热纤维胎,其特征在于,所述的纤维胎包括2旦尼尔或更多旦尼尔的切段粘合纤维。
4.如权利要求1所述的多层非织造隔热纤维胎,其特征在于,各层面具有一基本光滑侧面和一疏松纤维侧面。
5.如权利要求1所述的多层非织造隔热纤维胎,其特征在于,所述纤维胎具有一至少为2∶1的切段填充纤维与切段粘合纤维的纤维长度比。
6.如权利要求1所述的多层非织造隔热纤维胎,其特征在于,所述分层纤维胎的单位重量隔热效率至少为15clo/kg/m2
7.如权利要求1所述的多层非织造隔热纤维胎,其特征在于,所述分层纤维胎的辐射参数小于约20(/mK)(kg/m3)(100)。
8.如权利要求1所述的多层非织造隔热纤维胎,其特征在于,所述分层纤维胎的体积密度小于0.1g/cm2
9.如权利要求1所述的多层非织造隔热纤维胎,其特征在于,所述分层纤维胎的厚度范围为0.5左右-15cm。
10.如权利要求1所述的多层非织造隔热纤维胎,其特征在于,所述分层纤维胎的厚度与分层前纤维胎相比增加约25-40%。
11.一种制造多层非织造隔热纤维胎的方法,包括以下步骤:
(a)形成一粘合切段纤维和切段填充纤维的纤维网,以使该纤维网具有一基本光滑侧面和一疏松纤维侧面;
(b)形成一由所述多层纤维网构成的纤维胎;
(c)使所述多层纤维胎受到足够的热,以在每一层内引起粘合切段纤维与其它粘合切段纤维和切段填充纤维在接触点处粘合,并在每一层之间受到足够的粘合,使纤维胎稳定,但在纤维胎受到机械作用时允许各层分层。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,纤维网是由梳理,扯松或气流成网形成。
13.如权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,纤维网是由梳理形成的。
14.如权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,铺层是通过交叉铺网,多道夫铺网或通过联接纤维网成形设备来实现的。
15.如权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,铺层是通过交叉铺网实现的。
16.如权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于,梳理机装有一单道夫滚筒和一凝聚辊,以便为每一层提供一基本光滑侧面和一疏松纤维侧面。
17.如权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,所述粘合是通过采用一对流炉、微波炉或红外能源实现的。
18.如权利要求11所述的方法,还包括所述纤维胎受到机械作用而引起各层的受控分层。
CN95193110A 1994-05-20 1995-04-07 多层非织造隔热纤维胎及其制备方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1052046C (zh)

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