CN105191748B - It is a kind of to promote assimilation quotient transhipment and the irrigation method of kernel grouting in the rear stem of paddy rice - Google Patents
It is a kind of to promote assimilation quotient transhipment and the irrigation method of kernel grouting in the rear stem of paddy rice Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to agricultural technology field, for Rice Flowering to ripe irrigation, and in particular to assimilation quotient transports the irrigation method with kernel grouting to seed in a kind of rear stem of promotion paddy rice.This method be according to grouting time and soil types, bloom certainly to 15 days after spending, spend after 16 days to 30 days, spend certainly after 31 days to ripe three phases, it is determined that needing leaf water potential index or the soil water-containing figureofmerit irrigated, carry out accurate water management.The present invention solve modern high-yield rice kind, particularly large spike Super Hybrid rice varieties, or under high nitrogen level in rice stem photoassimilates to the problem of seed volume of traffic is small, kernel grouting is slow, setting percentage is low.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technology field, for Rice Flowering to ripe irrigation, and in particular to one kind promotes paddy rice
Spend assimilation quotient in rear stem transported to seed and kernel grouting irrigation method.
Background technology
Grain Filling of Rice is the final stage of yield composition, and the quality of Grain Filling directly determines grain weight and yield
Just.Photosynthesis assimilation product needed for cereal crops kernel grouting is from two aspects:Stored before spending rear photosynthesis and blooming
Assimilation quotient (predominantly starch and soluble sugar) in stem (cane+leaf sheath).The assimilation quotient being stored in before spending in stem is not only
One part of kernel grouting material, and be the important substance basis for starting grouting, its transport velocity and transhipment amount or so
Kernel grouting speed, and then influence grain weight and ultimate output (Yang Jianchang, China Agricultural University's thesis for the doctorate, 1996).Part is existing
For high-yield variety, particularly large spike Super Hybrid rice varieties, or under high nitrogen level, assimilation quotient is operated to seed in rice stem
Measure that small, kernel grouting is slow, low setting percentage is outstanding problem (Yang and Zhang, New in Rice Production
Phytologist,2006,169:223-236;Journal of Experimental Botany,2010,61:1-5).In the past
Though there is the report that paddy rice and Wheat in Grain Filling Stage can promote the assimilation quotient stored in stem to be operated to seed by soil drought
(Austin et al.Annals of Botany, 1980,45:309-319;Kobata et al.Crop Science,
1992,32:1238-1242;Gebbing et al.Plant Physiology, 1999,121:871-878), but in usual feelings
Under condition, soil drought can reduce photosynthesis, and suppress substance transportation increase in kernel grouting, the stem as caused by soil drought must
The mistake of photosynthesis reduction can not be compensated, grain weight and yield reduction (Bidinger et al.Nature, 1977,270 is caused:
421-433;Chaves and Oliveita, Journal of Experimental Botany, 2004,55:2365-2384;
Barnabas et al.Plant Cell&Environment,2008,31:11-38).Lacking at present to promote in rice stem
Assimilation quotient is transported to seed, can be promoted kernel grouting again and be improved the technology of setting percentage.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, assimilation quotient transhipment and seed in the rear stem of paddy rice are promoted the invention provides one kind
The irrigation method of grain grouting.
The present invention mainly solves in the rear stem of paddy rice photoassimilates to seed volume of traffic is few, setting percentage and grain are again low
Problem.Its principle is to be regulated and controled according to assimilation quotient transhipment and kernel grouting in the rear stem of paddy rice by soil moisture, according to paddy rice
Grouting time and soil types, it is determined that needing leaf water potential index or the soil water-containing figureofmerit irrigated, carry out accurate moisture pipe
Reason, falls dry spell in soil, does not substantially suppress photosynthesis, photosynthesis can be promoted in the rehydration phase, water management is promoted
Enter to spend assimilation quotient in rear stem to be transported to seed, kernel grouting speed can be increased again, improve setting percentage and grain weight, and then improve yield
And WUEL.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
Promote the irrigation method of assimilation quotient transhipment and kernel grouting in the rear stem of paddy rice, such as Fig. 1 comprises the following steps:
1. 15 days after from blooming to spending:
(1) it is used as irrigation index with leaf water potential:All types soil, when field fallen to do naturally by 1~2cm shoaling layers to
Noon 12:When the leaf water potential of the 1st leaf is -1.10MPa at the top of paddy rice when 00, field fills 1~2cm water layers, then fall to do naturally to
When the leaf water potential of the 1st leaf is -1.10MPa at the top of paddy rice, field fills 1~2cm water layers again, then falls dry, so circulation naturally.
(2) it is used as irrigation index with soil moisture content:
<1>Clay:Field fallen to do naturally by 1~2cm shoaling layers to soil moisture content be 48% when, field fill 1~2cm water
Layer, then fall to do naturally to soil moisture content be 48% when, field fills 1~2cm water layers again, then fall naturally it is dry, it is such to circulate.
<2>Loam:Field fallen to do naturally by 1~2cm shoaling layers to soil moisture content be 37% when, field fill 1~2cm water
Layer, then fall to do naturally to soil moisture content be 37% when, field fills 1~2cm water layers again, then fall naturally it is dry, it is such to circulate.
<3>Sand:Field fallen to do naturally by 1~2cm shoaling layers to soil moisture content be 15% when, field fill 1~2cm water
Layer, then fall to do naturally to soil moisture content be 15% when, field fills 1~2cm water layers again, then fall naturally it is dry, it is such to circulate.
2. from after spending 16 days to 30 days:
(1) it is used as irrigation index with leaf water potential:All types soil, does to noon 12 when field falls naturally:Water when 00
When the leaf water potential of the 1st leaf is -1.25MPa at the top of rice, field fills 1~2cm water layers, then falls to do naturally to the 1st leaf at the top of paddy rice
Leaf water potential be -1.25MPa when, field fills 1~2cm water layers again, then fall naturally it is dry, so circulate.
(2) it is used as irrigation index with soil moisture content:
<1>Clay:Field fall to do naturally to soil moisture content be 46% when, field fills 1~2cm water layers, then falls naturally dry
To soil moisture content be 46% when, field fills 1~2cm water layers again, then fall naturally it is dry, so circulate.
<2>Loam:Field fall to do naturally to soil moisture content be 34% when, field fills 1~2cm water layers, then falls naturally dry
To soil moisture content be 34% when, field fills 1~2cm water layers again, then fall naturally it is dry, so circulate.
<3>Sand:Field fall to do naturally to soil moisture content be 8.5% when, field fills 1~2cm water layers, then falls naturally dry
To soil moisture content be 8.5% when, field fills 1~2cm water layers again, then fall naturally it is dry, so circulate.
3. from spending latter 31 days to maturation:
(1) it is used as irrigation index with leaf water potential:All types soil, does to noon 12 when field falls naturally:Water when 00
When the leaf water potential of the 1st leaf is -1.45MPa at the top of rice, field fills 1~2cm water layers, then falls to do naturally to the 1st leaf at the top of paddy rice
Leaf water potential be -1.45MPa when, field fills 1~2cm water layers again, then fall naturally it is dry, so circulate.
(2) it is used as irrigation index with soil moisture content:
<1>Clay:Field fall to do naturally to soil moisture content be 44% when, field fills 1~2cm water layers, then falls naturally dry
To soil moisture content be 44% when, field fills 1~2cm water layers again, then fall naturally it is dry, so circulate.
<2>Loam:Field fall to do naturally to soil moisture content be 31% when, field fills 1~2cm water layers, then falls naturally dry
To soil moisture content be 31% when, field fills 1~2cm water layers again, then fall naturally it is dry, so circulate.
<3>Sand:Field fall to do naturally to soil moisture content be 4.5% when, field fills 1~2cm water layers, then falls naturally dry
To soil moisture content be 4.5% when, field fills 1~2cm water layers again, then fall naturally it is dry, so circulate.
Described leaf water potential can be determined using plant water potential instrument in the present invention, and plant water potential instrument has Multiple Type, such as be planted
Thing water potential meter -3000 (converge that instrument company in Hangzhou), HR-33T dew points water potential meter (the accurate Beijing Co., Ltd of Australia's moral), vegetation water
Gesture-Wi89513 (thing instrument Beijing Science and Technology Ltd.), selection is a kind of.Described soil moisture content refers in the present invention
The water content of soil 0~20cm soil layers, at noon 11:00~12:Determined when 00;It can be determined using soil nmoisture content analyser, soil
Earth moisture teller has Multiple Type, and (Beijing alliance wound great achievement science and technology is limited by such as soil moisture content quick analyser SU-LA, SU-LB, SU-LG
Company produces), soil moisture content quick analyser TRS-I, TRS-II etc. (production of Zhejiang instrument company of Top), selection are a kind of.Plant
Thing water potential meter determines leaf water potential and soil nmoisture content analyser determines soil moisture content method simply, accurate reliable.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1, which is that the present invention is a kind of, promotes assimilation quotient transhipment and the irrigation method of kernel grouting in the rear stem of paddy rice.Explanation:Leaf
1st leaf (sword-like leave) at the top of the blade paddy rice that the piece flow of water is determined, minute noon 12:When 00;Soil moisture content be soil 0~
The water content of 20cm soil layers, at noon 11:00~12:Determined when 00.
Embodiment
Before Rice Heading is bloomed, using the high yield irrigation method in current production, i.e.,:Transplant to turning green, field keeps 2
~3cm water layers;Turn green to jointing 1 week, carry out gap wetting irrigation for paddy field;Begin the phase to Spike development within 1 week before jointing, field, fringe are put in progress
Differentiation phase beginning, field kept 1~2cm water layers to starting to bloom.Since blooming, using following irrigation method:
1. 15 days after from blooming to spending:All types soil, does to noon 12 when field is fallen naturally by 1~2cm shoaling layers:
When the leaf water potential of the 1st leaf is -1.10MPa at the top of paddy rice when 00, field fills 1~2cm water layers, then falls to do naturally to paddy rice
When the leaf water potential of 1st leaf is -1.10MPa, field fills 1~2cm water layers again, then falls dry, so circulation naturally;Or:
(1) clay:Field fallen to do naturally by 1~2cm shoaling layers to soil moisture content be 48% when, field fill 1~2cm water
Layer, then fall to do naturally to soil moisture content be 48% when, field fills 1~2cm water layers again, then fall naturally it is dry, it is such to circulate;
(2) loam:Field fallen to do naturally by 1~2cm shoaling layers to soil moisture content be 37% when, field fill 1~2cm water
Layer, then fall to do naturally to soil moisture content be 37% when, field fills 1~2cm water layers again, then fall naturally it is dry, it is such to circulate;
(3) sand:Field fallen to do naturally by 1~2cm shoaling layers to soil moisture content be 15% when, field fill 1~2cm water
Layer, then fall to do naturally to soil moisture content be 15% when, field fills 1~2cm water layers again, then fall naturally it is dry, it is such to circulate.
2. from after spending 16 days to 30 days:All types soil, when noon 12:The leaf water potential of the 1st leaf of paddy rice top when 00
Not up to -1.25MPa, field continue nature fall it is dry, when noon 12:When 00 at the top of paddy rice the 1st leaf leaf water potential for-
During 1.25MPa, field fills 1~2cm water layers, then fall to do naturally to the leaf water potential of the 1st leaf at the top of paddy rice for -1.25MPa when, field
Between fill 1~2cm water layers again, then fall naturally it is dry, so circulation;Or:
(1) clay:When field moisture is not up to 46%, field continues nature and falls dry, is done when falling naturally to soil water-containing
Measure for 46% when, field fill 1~2cm water layers, then fall to do naturally to soil moisture content for 46% when, field fills 1~2cm water again
Layer, then fall dry, so circulation naturally;
(2) loam:When field moisture is not up to 34%, field continues nature and falls dry, is done when field falls naturally to soil
Water content be 34% when, field fill 1~2cm water layers, then fall to do naturally to soil moisture content for 34% when, field fills 1~2cm again
Water layer, then fall dry, so circulation naturally;
(3) sand:When field moisture is not up to 8.5%, field continues nature and falls dry, is done when field falls naturally to soil
When water content is 8.5%, field fills 1~2cm water layers, then fall to do naturally to soil moisture content for 8.5% when, field fills 1 again~
2cm water layers, then fall dry, so circulation naturally.
3. from spending latter 31 days to maturation:All types soil, when noon 12:The leaf water potential of the 1st leaf of paddy rice top when 00
Not up to -1.45MPa, field continue nature fall it is dry, when noon 12:When 00 at the top of paddy rice the 1st leaf leaf water potential for-
During 1.45MPa, field fills 1~2cm water layers, then fall to do naturally to the leaf water potential of the 1st leaf at the top of paddy rice for -1.45MPa when, field
Between fill 1~2cm water layers again, then fall naturally it is dry, so circulation;Or:
(1) clay:When field moisture is not up to 44%, field continues nature and falls dry, is done when falling naturally to soil water-containing
Measure for 44% when, field fill 1~2cm water layers, then fall to do naturally to soil moisture content for 44% when, field fills 1~2cm water again
Layer, then fall dry, so circulation naturally;
(2) loam:When field moisture is not up to 31%, field continues nature and falls dry, is done when field falls naturally to soil
Water content be 31% when, field fill 1~2cm water layers, then fall to do naturally to soil moisture content for 31% when, field fills 1~2cm again
Water layer, then fall dry, so circulation naturally;
(3) sand:When field moisture is not up to 4.5%, field continues nature and falls dry, is done when field falls naturally to soil
When water content is 4.5%, field fills 1~2cm water layers, then fall to do naturally to soil moisture content for 4.5% when, field fills 1 again~
2cm water layers, then fall dry, so circulation naturally.
Other cultivation techniques
1st, mechanic rice transplanting
Technical essential:(1) Precision Seeding it is even broadcast, floppy disk dry rice seedling.Often disk broadcasts 110 grams of gulch, seedling crop field than 1: 80;(2) length of time rice seedlings grow
Control planted sufficient Basic Seedling, seeding row spacing 30cm × 11.7cm, per m in 20 days227~28 caves, per cave 3-4 seedlings or so, per m2Substantially
The seedling of seedling 95~100.
2nd, fertilizer practice
Technical essential:Time of infertility applied nitrogen (purity nitrogen) 255kg ha-1, (transplanted first 1 day) by base manure: tillering fertilizer (is planted
7 days afterwards): promote fertilizers for potted flowers (Spike development begins the phase): protect fertilizers for potted flowers (Pistil And Stamen idiophase)=4: 2: 2: 2 and apply;(base manure) applies phosphorus before transplanting
Fertilizer (P2O5)75kg ha-1, make base manure applied once before transplanting;Application of potash fertilizer (K2O)105kg ha-1, point base manure (75kg ha-1) and ear manuer (30kg ha-1) administered twice.
3rd, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Forecast according to rice pest regional prediction, use low toxicity, low-residual, efficient, safe and environment-friendly type agricultural chemicals.
Embodiment
Respectively at 2013-2014 in Yangzhou from local high yield japonica rice kind force fortune round-grained rice 24 and Super Hybrid long-grained nonglutinous rice product
Plant and raise two excellent No. 6 (two kinds are sold by the golden soil Zhong Ye Co., Ltds in Yangzhou), connect round-grained rice 7 in Lianyun Harbour high yield japonica rice kind
(sale of Jiangsu Wo Fengzhong industry Science and Technology Ltd.) carries out the present invention and promotes assimilation quotient transhipment and kernel grouting in the rear stem of paddy rice
Irrigation method (referred to as new irrigation method) field test, with local normal irrigation (grouting early stage keeps water layer, in grouting after
Period gap wetting irrigation for paddy field, harvest is cut off the water supply for first 1 week) it is control.New irrigation method is bloomed to ripe water management side with compareing to remove
Method is different outer, remaining cultivation step, such as seedling, Planting Densities, fertilizing time and dose, spends preceding irrigation method, pest and disease damage to prevent
Control etc. completely the same.As a result show, fall dry spell in soil, Photosynthetic Rate new irrigation method with compare between without significance difference
Different, in the rehydration phase, the Photosynthetic Rate of new irrigation method is significantly higher than control (table 1).New irrigation method, which is relatively compareed, significantly to be increased
Add kernel grouting speed, setting percentage, mass of 1000 kernel, substance operation amount and yield, significantly reduce duty (table 2 and table 3).
Compared with the control, the average filling rate of new irrigation method improves 6.4-9.1%, spends the transhipment of assimilation quotient in rear stem to seed
Amount adds 94.5-138%, and setting percentage improves 4.5-9.2 percentage points, and yield adds 7.9-13.5%, duty
13.3-19.1% is reduced, water using efficiency improves 23.9-38.0%.(table 2 and table 3).
Table 1 is bloomed to influence of the ripe Different Irrigation method to Flag Leaves in Rice photosynthetic rate
Soil fall dry spell be spend latter 6~7 days, 18~19 days and 34~35 days 3 times determine average value;The rehydration phase is flower
The average value determined for 9~10 days afterwards, 22~23 days and 37~38 days 3 times;Between control and new both irrigation methods, except bloom to
Ripe irrigation method is different outer, and remaining cultivation step is identical.
Control:Early stage of being in the milk keeps water layer, and be in the milk middle and later periods gap wetting irrigation for paddy field, and harvest is cut off the water supply for first 1 week.
§New irrigation method, according to grouting time and leaf water potential, or according to grouting time, soil types and soil water-containing
Amount is irrigated.
*, * * are represented compared with the control, respectively the significant difference in P=0.05 and P=0.01 levels;Tong Lan, with kind
Compare.
Table 2 is bloomed to influence of the ripe Different Irrigation method to rice milking stage speed, setting percentage, grain weight and yield
Between control and new both irrigation methods, in addition to blooming to ripe irrigation method difference, remaining cultivation step phase
Together.
Control:Early stage of being in the milk keeps water layer, and be in the milk middle and later periods gap wetting irrigation for paddy field, and harvest is cut off the water supply for first 1 week.
§New irrigation method, according to grouting time and leaf water potential, or according to grouting time, soil types and soil water-containing
Amount is irrigated.
*, * * are represented compared with the control, respectively the significant difference in P=0.05 and P=0.01 levels;Tong Lan, same to kind,
With comparing in soil types.
Table 3 is bloomed to ripe Different Irrigation method to substance transportation, duty and efficiency of water application in the rear stem of paddy rice
Influence
Between control and new both irrigation methods, in addition to blooming to ripe irrigation method difference, remaining cultivation step phase
Together.
Control:Early stage of being in the milk keeps water layer, and be in the milk middle and later periods gap wetting irrigation for paddy field, and harvest is cut off the water supply for first 1 week.
§New irrigation method, according to grouting time and leaf water potential, or according to grouting time, soil types and soil water-containing
Amount is irrigated.
Non- institutional carbon water in non-institutional carbohydrate quantity-maturity period stem in substance operation amount=phase beginning stem of blooming
Chemical combination object amount.
#Substance operation is to contribution to yield=substance operation amount/yield × 100
Water using efficiency=yield/time of infertility duty.
* represents compared with the control, the significant difference in P=0.01 levels;Tong Lan, same to kind, with soil types internal ratio
Compared with.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of promote assimilation quotient transhipment and the irrigation method of kernel grouting in the rear stem of paddy rice, it is characterised in that during according to grouting
Between and soil types, it is determined that needing leaf water potential index or the soil water-containing figureofmerit irrigated, carry out accurate water management, specifically
It is:
(1) bloom certainly to after spending 15 days:
A. it is used as irrigation index with leaf water potential:All types soil, does to noon when field is fallen naturally by 1~2cm shoaling layers
12:When the leaf water potential of the 1st leaf is -1.10MPa at the top of paddy rice when 00, field fills 1~2cm water layers, then falls to do to above-mentioned naturally
During desired value, field fills 1~2cm water layers again, then falls dry, so circulation naturally;
Or B. soil moisture contents are used as irrigation index:Field is fallen naturally by 1~2cm shoaling layers does to clay soil water content
When for 48%, loam soil moisture content, to be 37%, sand soil moisture content be 15%, field fills 1~2cm water layers, then falls naturally
When doing to above-mentioned desired value, field fills 1~2cm water layers again, then falls dry, so circulation naturally;
(2) 16 days to 30 days after spending:
A. it is used as irrigation index with leaf water potential:All types soil, does to noon when field is fallen naturally by 1~2cm shoaling layers
12:When the leaf water potential of the 1st leaf is -1.25MPa at the top of paddy rice when 00, field fills 1~2cm water layers, then falls to do to above-mentioned naturally
During desired value, field fills 1~2cm water layers again, then falls dry, so circulation naturally;
Or B. soil moisture contents are used as irrigation index:Field is fallen naturally by 1~2cm shoaling layers does to clay soil water content
When for 46%, loam soil moisture content, to be 34%, sand soil moisture content be 8.5%, field fills 1~2cm water layers, then falls naturally
When doing to above-mentioned desired value, field fills 1~2cm water layers again, then falls dry, so circulation naturally;
(3) latter 31 days are spent certainly to maturation:
A. it is used as irrigation index with leaf water potential:All types soil, does to noon when field is fallen naturally by 1~2cm shoaling layers
12:When the leaf water potential of the 1st leaf is -1.45MPa at the top of paddy rice when 00, field fills 1~2cm water layers, then falls to do to above-mentioned naturally
During desired value, field fills 1~2cm water layers again, then falls dry, so circulation naturally;
Or B. soil moisture contents are used as irrigation index:Field is fallen naturally by 1~2cm shoaling layers does to clay soil water content
When for 44%, loam soil moisture content, to be 31%, sand soil moisture content be 4.5%, field fills 1~2cm water layers, then falls naturally
When doing to above-mentioned desired value, field fills 1~2cm water layers again, then falls dry, so circulation naturally.
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