CN105189239B - 用于运行机动车的动力传动系的方法 - Google Patents
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- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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- F16H61/0204—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal
- F16H61/0213—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal characterised by the method for generating shift signals
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于运行机动车的动力传动系的方法,其中,所述动力传动系具有驱动发动机和连接在驱动发动机和驱动轮之间的自动变速器,所述变速器在自动运行中自动换挡,并且所述变速器在手动运行中根据由驾驶员借助操作元件要求的升挡或降挡而变换到更高的或更低的挡中,并且至少在自动运行中在存在限定的运行条件时切换到动力传动系的滑行模式中,驱动发动机和驱动轮之间的作用连接在所述滑行模式中断开,并且在由驾驶员要求降挡时离开滑行模式并且切换到变速器的手动运行中。按照本发明,在滑行模式期间在驾驶员要求升挡时,在自动运行中保持滑行模式。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于运行机动车的动力传动系的方法,其中,所述动力传动系具有驱动发动机和连接在驱动发动机和驱动轮之间的自动变速器。
背景技术
目前,装备有自动变速器或自动化的变速器的车辆通常可以以至少两个不同的变速器运行方式运行。如果驾驶员切换到D变速器位置中,则变速器控制以第一运行方式(=自动运行)完全自动地进行,即,变速器控制装置借助评价的车辆参数自主地选择对于当前的运行状态优化的变速器挡并且换到该挡中。除了该自动运行,驾驶员可以通过对应地操作变速杆换到手动运行中,在所述手动运行中降挡或升挡通常仅当驾驶员借助为此设置的操作元件要求升挡或降挡(例如向前或向后按压变速杆)时才进行。备选地,也可以通过操纵通常设置在方向盘附近的操作元件离开自动运行并且换到具有对应要求的挡的手动运行中,驾驶员可以通过所述操作元件要求升挡或降挡。具有Steptronic的这样的所谓自动变速器例如在当前的BMW5系中已知。
此外已知,当机动车“滑行”时,即当其利用其动能用以尽可能远地滚动而发动机的拖曳力矩不会对其制动时,其消耗非常少的燃料。由DE 10 2009 057 551 A1已经已知一种用于运行机动车中的动力传动系的方法,其中,内燃机在存在预先确定的运行条件时在行驶的车辆中与驱动轮解耦,亦即转入滑行运行或滑行模式中。
最后,具有自动变速器的车辆已经在市场上存在,其中,自动变速器可以在自动运行或正常运行中运行,并且在变速器的自动运行中在存在确定的运行条件时切换到动力传动系的滑行模式中,内燃机和驱动轮之间的作用连接在该滑行模式中断开。如果在滑行模式期间进行通过驾驶员借助为此设置的操作元件的手动的升挡或降挡要求,则离开滑行模式并且变换到动力传动系的正常运行中,即重新建立内燃机和驱动轮之间的作用连接。
发明内容
现在,本发明的任务是,给出一种用于运行具有自动变速器或自动化的变速器的车辆的动力传动系的在舒适性方面改进的方法,其可以在确定的前提下在滑行模式中运行。
该任务通过如下所属的方法解决。在按照本发明的用于运行机动车的动力传动系的方法中,所述动力传动系具有驱动发动机和连接在驱动发动机和驱动轮之间的自动变速器,所述自动变速器在自动运行中自动换挡,并且所述自动变速器在手动运行中根据由驾驶员借助操作元件要求的升挡或降挡而换到更高的或更低的挡中,并且至少在自动运行中在存在限定的运行条件时切换到动力传动系的滑行模式中,驱动发动机和驱动轮之间的作用连接在所述滑行模式中断开,并且在驾驶员要求降挡时离开滑行模式并且切换到自动变速器的手动运行中,所述方法的特征在于,在滑行模式期间在驾驶员要求升挡时,在自动运行中保持滑行模式。按照本发明的方法及其有利的设计方案可以借助实现的算法或对应的组件布置结构在为此设置的控制装置、例如变速器控制装置中实施。
在本发明中从如下事实出发,即,所述车辆具有连接在驱动发动机和驱动轮之间的自动的或自动化的变速器,并且所述变速器可以不仅在自动运行中而且在手动运行中运行,在所述自动运行中自动地、亦即与驾驶员无关地换挡,在所述手动运行中根据由驾驶员借助操作元件要求的升挡或降挡而换到更高的或更低的挡中。此外,用于运行车辆动力传动系的方法原则上这样设计,即,至少在变速器的自动运行中在存在确定的运行条件(例如既未操纵加速踏板也未操纵制动踏板时)时自动切换到滑行模式中,驱动轮和驱动发动机之间的作用连接在该滑行模式中断开。这可以如下进行,即,在滑行模式中打开将驱动轮与驱动发动机连接的自动的或自动化的离合器和/或将变速器切换到空挡位置中。作为自动化的离合器在这里可理解为(自动)变速器的所有离合器(或换挡传递机构),所述离合器对于挂上各个挡是必需的并且将驱动发动机与变速器输出端这样连接,使得在驱动总成和驱动轮之间存在力传递。附加地可以在滑行模式期间切断驱动发动机。
原则上,滑行模式也可以仅当驾驶员希望预定的、例如特别高能效的行驶方式时才被允许。该对高能效的行驶方式的希望可以通过评价驾驶员行为或车辆行为或通过评价或识别可由驾驶员选择的运行模式(例如ECO模式)识别。
通常当驾驶员至少以确定的程度操纵加速踏板(或制动踏板)时离开滑行模式。同样当驾驶员操纵用于在手动运行中对变速器降挡的操作元件时,离开滑行模式。
然而如果驾驶员在滑行模式中以对应的方式操纵用于在手动运行中对变速器升挡的操作元件,则可以由此推导出,驾驶员在该时刻至少不希望车辆减速。然而因为滑行模式的结束通常与――即使只微小的――基于拖曳力矩的车辆减速伴随发生,所以按照本发明的方法规定,在滑行模式期间驾驶员要求升挡时尽管如此仍保持动力传动系的滑行模式(当不满足其他的滑行模式离开条件时),即升挡要求不对变速器或动力传动系的控制产生作用。
有利地,如果升挡借助设置在方向盘的区域中的操作元件、尤其是在那里设置的换挡摇杆进行,则在滑行模式期间驾驶员要求升挡时在自动运行中保持滑行模式。相反,如果驾驶员借助通过对应的操纵对变速器变速杆的操纵而换到手动运行中并且在此也要求升挡,则可以根据要求在这里直接离开滑行模式并且换到手动运行(包括升挡)中。因此,驾驶员可以通过对应地操纵操作元件主动地离开滑行模式并且实施升挡过程,当他希望这一点时。
为了通知驾驶员,虽然识别了他的升挡愿望,但所述升挡愿望基于存在的滑行模式未实施,在滑行模式期间要求升挡并且保留在滑行模式中时至少对于预定的时间间隔激活换挡要求显示。在该换挡要求显示结束之后,可以给驾驶员重新显示在升挡要求的时刻活动(例如其当前处于滑行模式中)的最初的显示。该换挡要求显示可以相同于当车辆处于手动运行中并且驾驶员要求升挡并且该升挡实现时出现的显示。
如已经在开头说明的,在滑行模式期间驾驶员的降挡要求时可以从如下事实出发,即,驾驶员考虑或甚至期待车辆的减速。在该情况下离开滑行模式并且必要时同时换到车辆的手动运行中。有利地,在滑行模式期间要求降挡时,通过闭合驱动发动机和驱动轮之间的作用连接而离开滑行模式并且在换到手动运行中时在滑行模式中虚拟挂上的挡被保持。这表示,在该情况下也没有发生换挡,因为通过滑行模式的结束和作用连接的与此关联的重建已经造成车辆减速,驾驶员在降挡时也期待所述减速。
有利地,按照本发明的用于运行机动车的动力传动系的方法此外这样设计,即,在车辆或变速器处于手动运行中并且在此已经挂上最高挡的前提下,在要求升挡时(这不可实现,因为变速器已经处于最高挡中)动力传动系切换到滑行模式中。由此应该给驾驶员如下感觉,即,基于其在最高挡中的升挡要求,动力传动系控制或调节这样改变,就如其在其他升挡中以类似的方式可期待的那样。
附图说明
本发明其他的特征和优点由后续的说明和附图得出。
图1示出在具有自动变速器的车辆中的换挡逻辑的简化图。
具体实施方式
在此,唯一的图1示出在具有自动变速器的车辆中的换挡逻辑的简化图,所述自动变速器至少可以在确定的运行情况下以滑行模式运行。此外,自动变速器可以在自动运行中和手动运行中运行,在自动运行中自动换挡,而在手动运行中优先只有当探测到驾驶员的换挡要求时才换挡。换挡要求可以借助设置在方向盘的区域中的所谓的换挡摇杆进行。所述换挡摇杆可以在此这样设计,使得在拉动设置在方向盘右边的换挡摇杆时触发升挡要求,而在拉动设置在方向盘左边的换挡摇杆时要求降挡。
原则上已经已知,如以上限定的,车辆的驾驶员在操纵设置在方向盘上的换挡摇杆时――与车辆是否已经处于手动运行中或基于换挡要求才换到手动运行中无关――可以要求升挡或降挡。
所述图现在在区域1中示出在车辆的手动运行中的换挡策略,各个区域M_min至M_max表示手动运行中的当前挂上的挡,并且升挡通过正号+表征,而降挡通过负号-表征。如果驾驶员例如在第四挡M4中拉动设置在方向盘右边的换挡摇杆并且借此表达他希望升挡,则从第四挡M4切换到更高一级的第五挡M5中(从M4沿路径+向M5换)。如果驾驶员在第四挡M4中拉动左边的设置在方向盘上的换挡摇杆并且借此表达他希望降挡,则从第四挡M4切换到更低一级的第三挡M3中(从M4沿路径–向M3换)。该换挡逻辑适用于所有M_min至M_max的挡,包括如下限制:如果在最低挡M_min中操纵左边的设置在方向盘上的换挡摇杆并且驾驶员借此表达他希望降挡,则――因为这不再可能――保持在最低挡M_min中。如果在最高挡M_max中操纵右边的设置在方向盘上的换挡摇杆并且驾驶员借此表达他希望升挡,则至今这样,即,不进行换挡(因为升挡不可能)并且保持在该挡中。
然而在考虑按照本发明的方法的情况下,在最高挡M_max中的升挡要求时虽然也不进行换挡过程,因为升挡不再可能,不过在这里自动打开离合器并且因此中断驱动发动机和驱动轮之间的作用连接,即,换到动力传动系的滑行模式中。该滑行模式在图中通过在区域1上示出的加点的区域M_maxS表征。然而换到滑行模式中只在如下情况进行,即,也满足允许换到滑行模式中的其余条件。在该示例中,当在最高挡M_max中要求升挡的时刻既不操纵加速踏板、也不操纵制动踏板时,才允许换到滑行模式中。
尽管作用连接中断,此外确定基于存在的运行条件优化的挡并且必要时切换到该挡中,从而在滑行模式结束时(例如通过以预定的程度操纵加速踏板或制动踏板)已经挂上对于车辆的该运行状态优化的挡。
在按照本发明的换挡逻辑中另一个重要的点是在由驾驶员借助换挡拨片要求的换挡要求时从滑行模式中换出。如果车辆当前处于具有虚拟挂上的第五挡的滑行模式中(驱动发动机和驱动轮之间的作用连接中断,从而挂上的挡无效),这在图中以加点的区域D(“D5”)表征,并且驾驶员拉动设置在方向盘右边的换挡摇杆,并且借此表达他希望升挡,则尽管如此仍保持滑行模式,只要没有其他的滑行模式中断条件存在的话。为了通知驾驶员他的升挡要求被记录,至少短时间地激活为此设置的换挡要求显示。在本示例中激活当实现升挡要求并且变速器在手动运行中切换到更高一级挡中时驾驶员所获得的显示。该显示的激活通过从滑行模式D(“D5”)向M6的用虚线示出的箭头表征。在经过其间换挡要求显示激活的预定的时间间隔之后,显示重新换到表征滑行模式的显示。
如果驾驶员在示出的滑行模式D(“D5”)中拉动设置在方向盘左边的换挡摇杆并且借此表达其希望降挡,则通过闭合离合器并且因此重建驱动发动机和驱动轮之间的作用连接而离开滑行模式D(“D5”)。从在滑行模式期间挂上的虚拟的(从不活动起的)挡到更低一级挡的降挡在该时刻不进行,因为车辆通过离开滑行模式已经得到驾驶员所期待的减速。
通过在这里说明的按照本发明的方法及其有利的进一步改进方案可以按简单的并且低成本的方式在具有自动变速器或自动化的变速器的车辆中提高滑行模式的接受度,因为驾驶员在滑行模式期间的换挡要求时得到车辆运动的对于他可实施的变化(在降挡要求时车辆的减速或在升挡要求时没有车辆的减速)。
Claims (7)
1.用于运行机动车的动力传动系的方法,其中,所述动力传动系具有驱动发动机和连接在驱动发动机和驱动轮之间的自动变速器,
所述自动变速器在自动运行中自动换挡,并且
所述自动变速器在手动运行中根据由驾驶员借助操作元件要求的升挡或降挡而换到更高的或更低的挡中,并且
至少在自动运行中在存在限定的运行条件时切换到动力传动系的滑行模式中,驱动发动机和驱动轮之间的作用连接在所述滑行模式中断开,并且
在驾驶员要求降挡时离开滑行模式并且切换到自动变速器的手动运行中,
其特征在于,
在滑行模式(D(“D5”))期间在驾驶员要求升挡(+)时,在自动运行中保持滑行模式(D(“D5”))。
2.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,如果升挡要求(+)借助设置在方向盘的区域中的操作元件进行,则在滑行模式(D(“D5”))期间在驾驶员要求升挡(+)时在自动运行中保持滑行模式(D(“D5”))。
3.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在滑行模式(D(“D5”))期间在要求升挡(+)时并且保留在滑行模式(D(“D5”))中时,至少在预定的时间间隔上激活换挡要求显示(M6)。
4.按照权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,在滑行模式(D(“D5”))期间在要求升挡(+)时并且保留在滑行模式(D(“D5”))中时,至少在预定的时间间隔上激活换挡要求显示(M6)。
5.按照权利要求1至4之一所述的方法,其特征在于,在滑行模式(D(“D5”))期间在要求降挡(-)时,通过闭合驱动发动机和驱动轮之间的作用连接而离开滑行模式(D(“D5”))。
6.按照权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,在基于在滑行模式(D(“D5”))中要求的降挡(-)而离开滑行模式(D(“D5”))时变换到手动运行(M5)中,并且在变换到手动运行(M5)中时保持在滑行模式(D(“D5”))中虚拟挂上的挡。
7.按照权利要求1至4之一所述的方法,其特征在于,如果在要求升挡(+)的时刻挂上了最高挡(M_max),则在手动运行中要求升挡(+)时切换到滑行模式(D(“D5”))中。
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