Background technology
Banana is Musaceae banana, refers to again its fruit.Torrid areas is extensively cultivated edible.Banana flavor is fragrant, nutritious, can gather in the crops all the year round, also be paid attention to very much in Temperate Region in China.Plant is large-scale draft, sends from root-like stock, is formed the false bar of high 3 ~ 6 meters (10 ~ 20 chi) by leaf sheath bottom; Leaf Long Circle is to oval, and what have reaches 3 ~ 3.5 meters (10 ~ 11.5 chis), wide 65 centimeters (26 cun), 10 ~ 20 pieces of stem tops of clustering.Spike is large, is extracted out, spend majority by false masthead end, faint yellow; Infructescence is curved hangs down, as a result 10 ~ 20 strings, about 50 ~ 150.Withered after plant result, the sucker grown by root-like stock continues breeding, and each stock can be lived for many years.Originate in the southeast, Asia: all there is cultivation in the areas such as Taiwan, Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi.
Though banana is a kind of pantropic fruit, can plant in torrid areas, also can cultivate in South Subtropical Area of China, but this fails to mean that it is extensively adaptive.In fact the requirement of banana to weather conditions and soil is very responsive, and particularly temperature, often governs the high grade producing of banana, and particularly should note in extensive, intensive cultivating aborning, banana is tropical fruit tree, not low temperature resistant.The root mass of banana is delicate, requires very high to the selection of soil.Open, ventilate, the banana of grown on soil that subterranean water level is low, really refer to grow, fruit texture be solid, fruit is thinner, color and luster bud green glossy, taste is fragrant, dense sweet, moisture is few, storage tolerance.
The feature of above-mentioned banana just, banana planting problem annoyings banana peasant always, traditional implantation methods does not have comprehensive various aspects factor and causes any of several broadleaf plants seedling normal growth or result cannot not reach high grade producing, thus greatly have impact on the income of people, and and plant not according to any of several broadleaf plants seedling size fractionation, the management after unfavorable day.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above problems, the invention provides a kind of implantation methods of banana high yield, step comprises:
1) preparation before cultivation
1.1 choose that soil layer is deep, draining good, and Ph value is: the plot of 5.0 ~ 7.0;
1.2 remove plot weeds;
1.3 soil disinfections: select 50% carbendazol wettable powder and 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate to dilute 800 times of liquid, are sprayed at surface, burnt field;
2) field planting of any of several broadleaf plants seedling
2.1 seed selection
Field planting any of several broadleaf plants seedling is advisable with 8 ~ 10 leaf ages, should connect net hardening before transplanting, makes leaf look transfer bluish yellow to by blackish green, and false stem is firmly straight, and now plant C/N ratio is high, is conducive to improving survival rate of plant;
2.2 the sowing time
Mid-March ~ early April start cultivation;
2.3 field planting method
By line-spacing: 2.5 ~ 3.3m, row distance: 1.5 ~ 2.3m, adopts oblique cutting method by the plant field planting of selecting any of several broadleaf plants Tanaka;
3) Seedling Stage management
3.1 by farmyard manure: 33 ~ 35 parts, nitrogenous fertilizer: 52 ~ 54 parts, phosphate fertilizer: 16 ~ 19 parts, potassium sulfate: 33 ~ 35 parts form mixed liquor with water and are sprayed on soil;
3.2 cover fine earth on the banana plant applied fertilizer, and then water;
4) in, strong sprout period management
4.1 10 ~ 15 days, a burnt seedling blade face sprays foliage fertilizer, its composition is: 0.5% ~ 0.8% urea, 0.7% ~ 0.9% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.08% ~ 0.12% compound nucleotide, 0.08% ~ 0.10% boric acid, 0.02% ~ 0.08% borax, 0.3% ~ 0.7% magnesium sulfate;
4.2 soil are fertile in potassium, and phosphorus, nitrogen coordinate;
5) growth stage management
5.1 fertilising
5.1.1 fertilising in early stage: with Shaoshi repeatedly for principle, along with the growth of plant strengthens fertilizing amount gradually, urea is used in every strain is by weight 30 ~ 45 parts, and interval adds 25 ~ 30 parts, potash fertilizer, often takes out a leaf fertilizer once;
5.1.2 heavy dressing is attacked and is spent strong fertilizers for potted flowers: banana starts to carry out flower bud differentiation after growing 30 ~ 35 great Ye, this phase answers heavy dressing to attack and spends strong fertilizers for potted flowers, and dung polluted water 38 ~ 42 parts, 56 ~ 65 parts, nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide 30 ~ 35 parts, potassium oxide 36 ~ 39 parts, boron 0.8 ~ 1.0 part and 10 ~ 12 parts, magnesia, 40 ~ 60 parts, urea are executed in every strain by weight;
5.1.3 heavy dressing fruit-promoting fertilizer, execute after taking out flower bud, every strain by weight execute concentration be 0.2 ~ 2% 8 ~ 10 parts, urea, concentration be 0.1 ~ 0.2% monopotassium phosphate 3 ~ 5 parts, concentration be 0.2 ~ 0.4% one-lime phosphate 15 ~ 17 parts and concentration be 0.15 ~ 0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10 ~ 12 parts, dung polluted water 30 ~ 35 parts;
5.2 prevention and elimination of disease and pests
Every 20 ~ 30 days spray insecticides once, once find bunchy top diseased plant, dig up immediately, the other after-culture in cave in time.
Preferred version is: the plot selecting fluvisol.
Preferred version is: oblique cutting is legal when planting, and the degree of depth is buried with rhizome and base portion of tillering and is as the criterion.
Preferred version is: during winter, adopts freeze prevention measure of pouring water.
Preferred version is: before the Beginning of Winter, executes farmyard manure, superphosphate, the fertile crystalline substance of hundred agricultures, and lid ash is mixed and burnt soil to promote ground temperature, to strengthen cold tolerance simultaneously.
Preferred version is:, in, period management in strong sprout phase potassium amount of application accounts for annual fertilizing amount 45% ~ 55%, phosphorus, nitrogenous fertilizer account for annual fertilizing amount 30% ~ 40%.
The present invention has following beneficial effect: resistance against diseases is strong, and survival rate is high, fast growth and fruiting rate high, the output of banana can be increased substantially, add the income of burnt agriculture.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
1) preparation before cultivation
1.1 choose that soil layer is deep, draining good, and Ph value is: the plot of 5.0;
1.2 remove plot weeds;
1.3 soil disinfections: select 50% carbendazol wettable powder and 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate to dilute 800 times of liquid, are sprayed at surface, burnt field;
2) field planting of any of several broadleaf plants seedling
2.1 seed selection
Field planting any of several broadleaf plants seedling is advisable with 8 leaf ages, should connect net hardening before transplanting, makes leaf look transfer bluish yellow to by blackish green, and false stem is firmly straight, and now plant C/N ratio is high, is conducive to improving survival rate of plant;
2.2 the sowing time
Start cultivation mid-March;
2.3 field planting method
By line-spacing: 2.5m, row distance: 1.5m, adopts oblique cutting method by the plant field planting of selecting any of several broadleaf plants Tanaka;
3) Seedling Stage management
3.1 by farmyard manure: 33 parts, nitrogenous fertilizer: 52 parts, phosphate fertilizer: 16 parts, potassium sulfate: 33 parts form mixed liquor with water and are sprayed on soil;
3.2 cover fine earth on the banana plant applied fertilizer, and then water;
4) in, strong sprout period management
4.1 10 days, a burnt seedling blade face sprays foliage fertilizer, its composition is: 0.5% urea, 0.7% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.08% compound nucleotide, 0.08% boric acid, 0.02% borax, 0.3% magnesium sulfate;
4.2 soil are fertile in potassium, and phosphorus, nitrogen coordinate;
5) growth stage management
5.1 fertilising
5.1.1 fertilising in early stage: with Shaoshi repeatedly for principle, along with the growth of plant strengthens fertilizing amount gradually, urea is used in every strain is by weight 30 parts, and interval adds 25 parts, potash fertilizer, often takes out a leaf fertilizer once.
5.1.2 heavy dressing is attacked and is spent strong fertilizers for potted flowers: banana starts to carry out flower bud differentiation after growing 30 great Ye, this phase answers heavy dressing to attack and spends strong fertilizers for potted flowers, and dung polluted water 38 parts, 56 parts, nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide 30 parts, potassium oxide 36 parts, boron 0.8 part and 10 parts, magnesia, 40 parts, urea are executed in every strain by weight;
5.1.3 heavy dressing fruit-promoting fertilizer, executes after taking out flower bud, every strain by weight execute concentration be 0.2% 8 parts, urea, concentration be 0.1% monopotassium phosphate 3 parts, concentration be 0.2% one-lime phosphate 15 parts and concentration be 0.15% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10 parts, dung polluted water 30 parts;
5.2 prevention and elimination of disease and pests
Every 20 days spray insecticides once, once find bunchy top diseased plant, dig up immediately, the other after-culture in cave in time.
The banana cultivation culture method that the survival rate of banana plant of the present invention is more traditional improves 24%, the banana cultivation culture method that growth rate is more traditional improves 10.8%, output increased 20%.
Embodiment 2
1) preparation before cultivation
1.1 choose that soil layer is deep, draining good, and Ph value is: the plot of 7.0;
1.2 remove plot weeds;
1.3 soil disinfections: select 50% carbendazol wettable powder and 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate to dilute 800 times of liquid, are sprayed at surface, burnt field;
2) field planting of any of several broadleaf plants seedling
2.1 seed selection
Field planting any of several broadleaf plants seedling is advisable with 10 leaf ages, should connect net hardening before transplanting, makes leaf look transfer bluish yellow to by blackish green, and false stem is firmly straight, and now plant C/N ratio is high, is conducive to improving survival rate of plant;
2.2 the sowing time
Early April starts cultivation;
2.3 field planting method
By line-spacing: 3.3m, row distance: 2.3m, adopts oblique cutting method by the plant field planting of selecting any of several broadleaf plants Tanaka;
3) Seedling Stage management
3.1 by farmyard manure: 35 parts, nitrogenous fertilizer: 54 parts, phosphate fertilizer: 19 parts, potassium sulfate: 35 parts form mixed liquor with water and are sprayed on soil;
3.2 cover fine earth on the banana plant applied fertilizer, and then water;
4) in, strong sprout period management
4.1 15 days, a burnt seedling blade face sprays foliage fertilizer, its composition is: 0.8% urea, 0.9% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.12% compound nucleotide, 0.10% boric acid, 0.08% borax, 0.7% magnesium sulfate;
4.2 soil are fertile in potassium, and phosphorus, nitrogen coordinate;
5) growth stage management
5.1 fertilising
5.1.1 fertilising in early stage: with Shaoshi repeatedly for principle, along with the growth of plant strengthens fertilizing amount gradually, urea is used in every strain is by weight 45 parts, and interval adds 30 parts, potash fertilizer, often takes out a leaf fertilizer once.
5.1.2 heavy dressing is attacked and is spent strong fertilizers for potted flowers: banana starts to carry out flower bud differentiation after growing 35 great Ye, this phase answers heavy dressing to attack and spends strong fertilizers for potted flowers, and dung polluted water 42 parts, 65 parts, nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide 35 parts, potassium oxide 39 parts, boron 1.0 parts and 12 parts, magnesia, 60 parts, urea are executed in every strain by weight;
5.1.3 heavy dressing fruit-promoting fertilizer, executes after taking out flower bud, every strain by weight execute concentration be 2% 10 parts, urea, concentration be 0.2% monopotassium phosphate 5 parts, concentration be 0.4% one-lime phosphate 17 parts and concentration be 0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 12 parts, dung polluted water 35 parts;
5.2 prevention and elimination of disease and pests
Every 30 days spray insecticides once, once find bunchy top diseased plant, dig up immediately, the other after-culture in cave in time.
The banana cultivation culture method that the survival rate of banana plant of the present invention is more traditional improves 28%, the banana cultivation culture method that growth rate is more traditional improves 12%, output increased 23%.
Although embodiment of the present invention are open as above, but it is not restricted to listed in specification and embodiment utilization, it can be applied to various applicable the field of the invention completely, for those skilled in the art, can easily realize other amendment, therefore do not deviating under the universal that claim and equivalency range limit, the present invention is not limited to specific details and illustrates here and the legend described.