CN105136507A - Experimental apparatus and method of indoor simulation tunnel excavation - Google Patents
Experimental apparatus and method of indoor simulation tunnel excavation Download PDFInfo
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- CN105136507A CN105136507A CN201510589931.4A CN201510589931A CN105136507A CN 105136507 A CN105136507 A CN 105136507A CN 201510589931 A CN201510589931 A CN 201510589931A CN 105136507 A CN105136507 A CN 105136507A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an experimental apparatus and method of indoor simulation tunnel excavation. The experimental apparatus includes a model box filled with a surrounding rock-similar material and a tunnel model; a reserved opening which is used for accommodating the tunnel model and penetrates the model box is formed in the model box; the tunnel model includes a plurality of parallel PVC foam boards; the PVC foam boards forming the tunnel model can be segmented into different portions proportionally according to different excavation portions and excavation sequences of a real tunnel partial excavation method; a plurality of reserved hole channels are formed in the front surfaces of the PVC foam boards; a plurality of traction grooves which are matched with the reserved hole channels are formed in the back surfaces of the PVC foam boards; and when simulation tunnel excavation is carried out, the tunnel model is provided with a traction device which can pull out the PVC foam boards from the model box. The experimental apparatus of the invention has the advantages of high accuracy and simple structure. With the experimental apparatus adopted, accurate control can be performed on tunneling sequence, excavation time and tunneling scale of tunnels, and tunnel excavation situation and lining stress performance can be simulated authentically, and a reliable basis can be provided for construction and surrounding rock stability analysis of tunnel engineering.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the Tunnel Engineering technical field in ground and underground works, be specifically related to a kind of experimental provision and method of lab simulation tunnel excavation.
Background technology
In recent years, along with the fast development of Chinese national economy, achieve the progress of advancing by leaps and bounds based on the construction of the rapid transit network of highway and national highway.Mountain highway tunnel, as an important component part of highway, plays a part more outstanding in the today increasingly focusing on environment protecting expressway, economy and efficiency.But the geologic condition residing for tunnel and engineering specifications even more complex, the problem in constructing tunnel is also more outstanding, therefore, utilizes the physical experiments analysis based on similarity theory and research constructing tunnel problem to seem particularly important.
Sequence of excavation in constructing tunnel, driving yardstick and support time affect tunnel stabilization, construction and the significant consideration of various engineering safety problem during runing.Different excavation methods and construction procedure, can produce different tunnel surrounding stresses re-distribution, affects the stable of tunnel surrounding, have larger effect to control engineering cost.But, in the model casing experiment of present stage, not yet there is a kind of device of simple Reality simulation tunnel excavation method accurately, order, digging time and the drilling depth of various tunnel piercing under precisely controlling different surrounding rock condition.For this reason, in the urgent need to a kind of can truly, the scientifically test method of simulation tunnel excavation and equipment, for the construction of Tunnel Engineering and Stability Analysis of The Surrounding Rock provide reliable foundation.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of experimental provision and method of lab simulation tunnel excavation, to overcome the defect that above-mentioned prior art exists, accuracy of the present invention is good, structure is simple, easy to operate, can carry out the order of tunnel piercing, digging time and driving yardstick and accurately control, real simulation tunnel excavation situation and lining cutting stress performance, for the construction of Tunnel Engineering and Stability Analysis of The Surrounding Rock provide reliable foundation.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of experimental provision of lab simulation tunnel excavation, comprise the model casing for loading country rock analog material and tunnel model, model casing runs through the reserved opening had for placing tunnel model, tunnel model comprises some PVC foam plates be set up in parallel, wherein, the PVC foam plate of composition tunnel model can according to the different excavation part of true tunnel partial excavation method and sequence of excavation, according to ratio, be divided into different piece, the front of PVC foam plate is provided with some reserving hole channels, the back side is provided with some traction grooves coordinated with reserving hole channel, when carrying out simulation tunnel excavation, tunnel model is provided with and draws groove fit and PVC foam plate can be pulled out the draw-gear of model casing.
Further, model casing comprises leveling base, leveling base is arranged with two blocks of side plates as model casing side, two pieces of grid framework respectively as model casing front and the back side are provided with between two blocks of side plates, removably be provided with panel in the grate opening of grid framework, reserved opening is symmetricly set on the panel at model casing front and the back side.
Further, described reserving hole channel cross section is rectangle, and the length breadth ratio in cross section is 2:1.
Further, traction groove comprises with the centre of form in reserving hole channel cross section for the center of circle, with the catercorner length in reserving hole channel cross section for diameter, and to take diagonal line as subtended angle that two of just initial line are relative the be scalloped recess of 60 ~ 65 degree, the termination limit place of scalloped recess is provided with the rectangular recess for coordinating with draw-gear, and the degree of depth of rectangular recess is greater than the scalloped recess degree of depth.
Further, draw-gear comprises T-steel hook, and T-steel hook comprises steel hook harness cord screw rod and is arranged on the reinforcing bar of steel hook harness cord screw rod end, and T-steel hook is interspersed to be located in reserving hole channel, and reinforcing bar can rotate along scalloped recess and be stuck in rectangular recess.
Further, draw-gear also comprises traction steel plate, traction steel plate interts and is fixed with traction harness cord screw rod, and the free end of steel hook harness cord screw rod is interspersed to be located on traction steel plate, and is fixed by rectangle nut.
Further, reinforcing bar is plain bar, and its length is greater than the length of reserving hole channel rectangular cross-sectional, is less than the diagonal line of reserving hole channel rectangular cross-sectional, and the diameter of reinforcing bar is less than the degree of depth of rectangular recess.
An experimental technique for lab simulation tunnel excavation, comprises the following steps:
Step one: by model casing leveling;
Step 2: insert in model casing by the layering of country rock analog material, carry out vibrating compacting after every layer of filling completes, when country rock analog material is loaded to reserved opening, inserts tunnel model, then continues to load country rock analog material to design height, and compacting of vibrating;
Step 3: adopt draw-gear to need the part of excavation to pull out, in order to the excavation of simulation tunnel tunnel model.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following useful technique effect:
In apparatus of the present invention, tunnel model adopts multi-disc PVC foam plate to be made, wherein, the PVC foam plate of composition tunnel model can according to the different excavation part of actual tunnel partial excavation method and sequence of excavation, according to similar proportion, be divided into different piece, so adopt the present invention conveniently can carry out the tunnel excavation process simulation of various geomery and construction method, in apparatus of the present invention, tunnel model and country rock analog material are all loaded after in model casing and are just carried out excavation simulation, and this is consistent with tunnel actual loading situation.The present invention can carry out the order of tunnel piercing, digging time and driving yardstick and accurately control in addition, real simulation tunnel excavation situation and lining cutting stress performance, for the construction of Tunnel Engineering and Stability Analysis of The Surrounding Rock provide reliable foundation, meet with Practical Project height, accuracy is good, and structure is simple, easy to operate, cost is low, easy to utilize.
Further, model casing is made up of leveling base, side plate, grid framework and panel, not only easy accessibility, and can be good at simulation tunnel digging process.
Further, in PVC foam back, traction groove is set, traction groove comprises scalloped recess and rectangular recess, draw-gear comprises T-steel hook, the reinforcing bar of T-steel chimoto can slip over scalloped recess and be stuck in rectangular recess, the PVC foam template die that the T-shaped hook of employing like this hooks up tunnel different piece intends the tunnel excavated that distributes, and with different plate thickness simulation tunnels driving yardstick, makes the excavation situation in tunnel more realistic.
The layering of country rock analog material is inserted in model casing by the inventive method, carry out vibrating compacting after every layer of filling completes, when country rock analog material is loaded to reserved opening, insert tunnel model, then continue to load country rock analog material to design height, and compacting of vibrating, during excavation simulation, adopt draw-gear to need the part of excavation to pull out tunnel model, and tunnel excavation and the Practical Project height of the present invention's simulation meet, accuracy is good, simple to operate, easy to utilize.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is mold box configuration schematic diagram of the present invention;
Structural representation when Fig. 2 is tunnel model of the present invention manufacture;
Fig. 3 is PVC foam back structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation digging out part A in the traction groove of PVC foam back;
Fig. 5 is PVC foam plate Facad structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is connecting link structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is T-steel hook structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is draw-gear structural representation of the present invention.
Wherein, 1, leveling base; 2, grid framework; 3, side plate; 4, panel; 5, reserved opening; 6, PVC foam plate; 7, EPE pearl wool plate; 8, fixation steel plate; 9, reserving hole channel; 10, groove is drawn; 11, harness cord screw rod is connected; 12, rectangle nut; 13, steel hook harness cord screw rod; 14, reinforcing bar; 15, T-steel hook; 16, harness cord screw rod is drawn; 17, steel plate is drawn; 18, PVC foam plate numbering.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail:
See Fig. 1 to Fig. 7, a kind of experimental provision of lab simulation tunnel excavation, comprises model casing, country rock analog material, tunnel model, draw-gear etc.
Model casing comprises face glass, grid framework 2, side plate 3 and leveling base 1, leveling base 1 is symmetrical arranged two blocks of side plates 3, two pieces of grid framework 2 are connected between two blocks of side plates 3, face glass is arranged in the grate opening of grid framework 2, the skeleton structure of grid framework 2 component model case, face glass constitutes the panel of model casing.On the face glass of model casing both sides, be arranged with the reserved opening 5 slightly larger than tunnel model cross section, model casing is for loading country rock analog material and tunnel model, distance between model casing two blocks of side plates 3 should be greater than 6 times of tunnel model diameter, distance before and after model casing between two glass plates should be greater than 0.5 meter, so can eliminate the vertical friction resistance in four faces, border around model casing, the force-bearing situation of tunnel and country rock during real simulation actual tunnel excavation.
Country rock analog material mixes and stirs primarily of gypsum, lime, barite and water and forms, and can be simulated the tunnel surrounding of different brackets by the match ratio adjusting various material.
Tunnel model comprises the some PVC foam plates 6 be set up in parallel, when preparing tunnel model, first some PVC foam plates 6 will be set up in parallel, then one block of EPE pearl wool plate 7 is respectively set respectively at two ends, PVC foam plate 6 and the common composing plate mould of EPE pearl wool plate 7, one piece of fixation steel plate 8 is respectively set at the two ends of slab type mold, slab type mold and fixation steel plate 8 arrange some reserving hole channels 9, run through in reserving hole channel 9 and connecting link is set, form tunnel model device, the flat shape of PVC foam plate 6 and size are determined according to ratio of similitude according to actual tunnel sectional dimension and excavation method, the thickness of PVC foam plate 6 is then determined according to ratio of similitude by the actual tunnel driving yardstick that often circulates, the gross thickness of PVC foam plate 6 should be slightly less than the distance on face glass between two reserved openings 5, the planar dimension of the EPE pearl wool plate 7 at PVC foam plate 6 two ends is slightly larger than PVC foam plate 6, reserved opening 5 sizableness on size and model casing, thickness is slightly larger than model casing face glass thickness, fall from gap in order to prevent from filling fine filler in country rock analog material process, the PVC foam plate 6 of composition tunnel model is according to the different excavation part of true tunnel partial excavation method and sequence of excavation, according to similar proportion, be divided into different piece, and hook up successively according to the sequence of excavation of actual tunnel and the time interval, in the present embodiment, the PVC foam plate that PVC foam plate 6 is divided into simulation tunnel to excavate topping bar and simulation tunnel excavate the PVC foam plate of getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation.
Every sheet PVC foam plate is equipped with PVC foam plate numbering 18 on excavation direction, PVC foam plate numbering 18 includes letter and number, the wherein different excavation part of Reality simulation tunnel partial excavation in the test of alphabetical representative model, numeral number consecutively from 1, in order to locate current excavation part position residing in full tunnel in process of the test, and precisely control the excavation drilling depth difference between different excavation part.In this example, simulation tunnel can be allowed to excavate the advanced simulation tunnel of the PVC foam plate of topping bar and to excavate the PVC foam plate some pieces of getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation, and stationary digital difference is constant, to get out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation in advance the tunnel benching tunnelling method digging mode of fixed range in order to simulate topping bar in actual tunnel.
Every sheet PVC foam plate needs engraving slenderness ratio to be the rectangular reserving hole channel 9 of 2:1 in engraving lining cutting shape simultaneously, and it is in a row for placing connecting link to ensure that the reserving hole channel 9 of same position on different PVC foam plate can connect, the quantity of reserving hole channel 9 and position want the size of the stressed of integrating tunnel model and planar dimension to determine.
Every sheet PVC foam plate 6 is while arranging reserving hole channel 9, and the surface of the PVC foam plate 6 reverse in excavation direction, reserves the traction groove 10 of excavation.Traction groove 10 is made up of two parts, a part is for the center of circle with reserving hole channel 9 cross-section centroid, reserving hole channel 9 diagonal cross section length is diameter, reserving hole channel 9 diagonal cross section to be subtended angle that two of just initial line are relative the be scalloped recess of 60 ~ 65 degree, the termination limit place of scalloped recess is provided with the rectangular recess for coordinating with draw-gear, and the degree of depth of rectangular recess is greater than the scalloped recess degree of depth.
Connecting link is made up of, in order to simulate different length of tunnel with some rectangle nuts 12 with same size the connection harness cord screw rod 11 being longer than slab type mold thickness.The physical dimension of rectangle nut 12 is consistent with the cross-sectional sizes of reserving hole channel 9, and inner edge diameter is identical with connection harness cord screw rod 11 diameter.Rectangle nut 12 is threaded onto and connects on harness cord screw rod 11, the quantity of rectangle nut 12 is determined by the thickness of PVC foam plate 6 gross thickness and single rectangle nut 12, make rectangle nut 12 gross thickness be more than or equal to the gross thickness of PVC foam plate 6, be less than the gross thickness of PVC foam plate 6 and EPE pearl wool plate 7.
For ensureing PVC foam plate 6 uniform force in digging process, prevent because unbalance stress occurs tilting, affect final outline excavation and the stress morphology in tunnel, the present invention is provided with the draw-gear of excavation, and draw-gear comprises T-steel hook 15, traction steel plate 17 and the traction harness cord screw rod 16 be used in conjunction with each other and rectangle nut 12.
T-steel hook 15 be a steel hook harness cord screw rod 13 be welded in a shorter size plain bar in the middle of form, for avoiding T-steel hook 15 to produce extra additional bending moment to PVC foam plate 6 in tunneling process, be unfavorable for the excavation in tunnel.The length of plain bar should be greater than the length on the long limit of reserving hole channel 9, is less than reserving hole channel 9 catercorner length; The diameter of plain bar should be less than the degree of depth of PVC foam plate 6 back side rectangular recess.
Physical dimension and the excavation method of the flat shape of traction steel plate 17 and each excavation part in size foundation partial excavation method tunnel are determined according to ratio of similitude.The quantity of traction steel plate 17, should be identical with the excavation step number in the tunnel that often circulates.Traction steel plate 17 should reserve opening, aperture position and size consistent with reserving hole channel 9, the plain bar end of T-steel hook 15 is stuck in after in the rectangular recess at PVC foam plate 6 back side, its free end is through this reserved opening, and it is laterally fixing by rectangle nut 12, in addition, in the traction each opening centre position of steel plate 17, the duct of traction harness cord screw rod 13 should be reserved, traction harness cord screw rod 13 is fixed by this duct and traction steel plate 17, during simulation tunnel excavation, only needing to pull traction harness cord screw rod 13 can simulation tunnel excavation.
An experimental technique for lab simulation tunnel excavation, comprises the following steps:
Step one: by model casing leveling;
Step 2: insert in model casing by the layering of country rock analog material, carry out vibrating compacting after every layer of filling completes, when country rock analog material is loaded to reserved opening 5, inserts tunnel model, then continues to load country rock analog material to design height, and compacting of vibrating;
Step 3: adopt draw-gear to need the part of excavation to pull out, in order to the excavation of simulation tunnel tunnel model.
Below operating process of the present invention is described in further detail:
1) first leveling model casing, ensures the level of model casing;
2) cut reserved opening 5 according to actual tunnel shape on glass panels according to similar proportion, and with double faced adhesive tape, dismountable glass panel is pasted in model casing grid framework 2.
3) according to actual tunnel shape, excavation method and driving yardstick, according to similar proportion, planar dimension and the thickness of the every sheet PVC foam plate of tunnel each excavation part is determined.According to stressed, the size of planar dimension and the geometric parameter of rectangle nut of mould, the reserving hole channel 9 of reserved some in every sheet PVC foam plate, in addition, need be also that T-steel hook 15 in draw-gear reserves scalloped recess and rectangular recess at the back side of PVC foam plate 6.
4) length is selected to be greater than the connection harness cord threaded rod 11 of tunnel model gross thickness, the rectangle nut 12 of same size is gone here and there on connection harness cord threaded rod 11, the number of rectangle nut 12 is determined by the thickness of tunnel model gross thickness and each rectangle nut, has made connecting link thus.
5) near the PVC foam plate 6 excavated by each several part with connecting link and hole, EPE pearl wool plate 7 is connected, and is fixed by the nut in tunnel each several part mould fixation steel plate 8 and outside, prevents the mould of simulation tunnel each several part in filler process from mutually sliding.
6) insert in model casing by the layering of country rock analog material, country rock analog material is formed by gypsum, lime, barite and water mix, and every layer of filling-up thickness is determined according to country rock analog material design overall height and country rock analog material presetting period.Carry out vibrating compacting after every layer of filling completes, when the position of extremely reserved opening 5 of constructing, tunnel model device is positioned in the middle of country rock analog material, continues filling after pressure cell and foil gauge are reserved in correct position and be densified to design height.
7) be the initial field stress before simulation tunnel excavation, foil gauge and pressure cell reading should be observed before tunnel excavation, after stable reading, after country rock analog material consolidation completes, then carry out the excavation of tunnel model.First the nut outside fixation steel plate 8 in tunnel model device is outwarded winding, take off fixation steel plate 8, EPE pearl wool plate 7 and connecting link near hole.
8) traction harness cord screw rod 16 is penetrated 1 ~ 2cm in traction steel plate 17 reserving hole, be fixed with nut.Then, T-steel hook 15 is stretched into from the reserving hole channel 9 the PVC foam plate 6 of tunnel model wish excavation part, rotate to needs digging footage place, until the plain bar of T-steel hook 15 front end snaps in the rectangular recess at PVC foam plate 6 back side, and the tail end rectangle nut 12 of T-steel hook 15 is fixed on traction steel plate 17, constitute the draw-gear of tunnel excavation.
9) pull traction harness cord screw rod 16, needed in tunnel the mould of excavation part to pull out, the excavation of simulation tunnel.The mistiming of twice digging time is obtained according to similar proportion conversion by the digging time of actual tunnel, is convenient to accurate tunnel excavation situation that is virtually reality like reality.
Claims (8)
1. the experimental provision of a lab simulation tunnel excavation, it is characterized in that, comprise the model casing for loading country rock analog material and tunnel model, model casing runs through the reserved opening (5) had for placing tunnel model, tunnel model comprises some PVC foam plates (6) be set up in parallel, wherein, the PVC foam plate (6) of composition tunnel model can according to the different excavation part of true tunnel partial excavation method and sequence of excavation, according to ratio, be divided into different piece, the front of PVC foam plate (6) is provided with some reserving hole channels (9), the back side is provided with some traction grooves (10) coordinated with reserving hole channel (9), when carrying out simulation tunnel excavation, tunnel model is provided with and draws groove (10) and coordinate and the draw-gear that PVC foam plate (6) can be pulled out model casing.
2. the experimental provision of a kind of lab simulation tunnel excavation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, model casing comprises leveling base (1), leveling base (1) is arranged with two blocks of side plates as model casing side (3), two pieces of grid framework (2) respectively as model casing front and the back side are provided with between two pieces of side plates (3), removably be provided with panel (4) in the grate opening of grid framework (2), reserved opening (5) is symmetricly set on the panel (4) at model casing front and the back side.
3. the experimental provision of a kind of lab simulation tunnel excavation according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described reserving hole channel (9) cross section is rectangle, and the length breadth ratio in cross section is 2:1.
4. the experimental provision of a kind of lab simulation tunnel excavation according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, traction groove (10) comprises with the centre of form in reserving hole channel (9) cross section for the center of circle, with the catercorner length in reserving hole channel (9) cross section for diameter, and to take diagonal line as subtended angle that two of just initial line are relative the be scalloped recess of 60 ~ 65 degree, the termination limit place of scalloped recess is provided with the rectangular recess for coordinating with draw-gear, and the degree of depth of rectangular recess is greater than the scalloped recess degree of depth.
5. the experimental provision of a kind of lab simulation tunnel excavation according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, draw-gear comprises T-steel hook (15), T-steel hook (15) comprises steel hook harness cord screw rod (13) and is arranged on the reinforcing bar (14) of steel hook harness cord screw rod (13) end, T-steel hook (15) is interspersed to be located in reserving hole channel (9), and reinforcing bar (14) can rotate along scalloped recess and be stuck in rectangular recess.
6. the experimental provision of a kind of lab simulation tunnel excavation according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, draw-gear also comprises traction steel plate (17), traction steel plate (17) upper interting is fixed with traction harness cord screw rod (15), the free end of steel hook harness cord screw rod (13) is interspersed to be located in traction steel plate (17), and is fixed by rectangle nut (12).
7. the experimental provision of a kind of lab simulation tunnel excavation according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, reinforcing bar (14) is plain bar, its length is greater than the length of reserving hole channel (9) rectangular cross-sectional, be less than the diagonal line of reserving hole channel (9) rectangular cross-sectional, the diameter of reinforcing bar (14) is less than the degree of depth of rectangular recess.
8. utilize an experimental technique for the lab simulation tunnel excavation of device described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
Step one: by model casing leveling;
Step 2: the layering of country rock analog material is inserted in model casing, carry out vibrating compacting after every layer of filling completes, when country rock analog material is loaded to reserved opening (5), insert tunnel model, then continue to load country rock analog material to design height, and compacting of vibrating;
Step 3: adopt draw-gear to need the part of excavation to pull out, in order to the excavation of simulation tunnel tunnel model.
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| CN201510589931.4A CN105136507B (en) | 2015-09-16 | 2015-09-16 | The experimental provision of a kind of lab simulation tunnel excavation and method |
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| CN201510589931.4A CN105136507B (en) | 2015-09-16 | 2015-09-16 | The experimental provision of a kind of lab simulation tunnel excavation and method |
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| CN106950111A (en) * | 2017-05-22 | 2017-07-14 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of pseudo-dynamic equation method |
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| CN108896744A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2018-11-27 | 重庆大学 | A kind of transparent soil model experimental rig and its test method for simulating three step of tunnel, seven step excavating load |
| CN110501176A (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2019-11-26 | 北京交通大学 | A kind of step partial excavation method model test apparatus |
| CN110501176B (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2020-06-26 | 北京交通大学 | Step subsection excavation method model test device |
| CN111537299A (en) * | 2020-04-28 | 2020-08-14 | 湘潭大学 | Rock stratum micro-disturbance continuous excavation method about similar physical model |
| CN113203625A (en) * | 2021-04-15 | 2021-08-03 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Modeling method and device for simulating jointed rock roadway excavation test |
| CN113203625B (en) * | 2021-04-15 | 2022-06-17 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Modeling method and device for simulating jointed rock roadway excavation test |
| CN115097099A (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2022-09-23 | 北京交通大学 | Model test device for simulating adjacent structure influenced by instability of excavation face |
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