CN105130293A - Production method of novel ecological bank protection material - Google Patents
Production method of novel ecological bank protection material Download PDFInfo
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- CN105130293A CN105130293A CN201510442191.1A CN201510442191A CN105130293A CN 105130293 A CN105130293 A CN 105130293A CN 201510442191 A CN201510442191 A CN 201510442191A CN 105130293 A CN105130293 A CN 105130293A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to a production method of a novel ecological bank protection material. The production method includes the steps of (A) weighing the following raw materials comprising, by mass, 129-133 parts of water, 206-213 parts of cement, 52-53 parts of fly ash, 647-653 parts of sand, 1330-1342 parts of stone, 2.06-2.13 parts of a water reducing agent and 0.015-0.016 parts of an air entraining agent; (B) uniformly mixing and stirring the raw materials, and pouring the mixture out after a certain time, and detecting the performing concrete mixture, wherein slump degree value is controlled to be 40-60 mm and gas content is controlled to be 4-4.5% according to requirements; (C) pouring the mixture into a die, vibrating the mixture with a vibrator to compact the mixture; (D) allowing a moulded sample to stand for 24 h and demoulding the sample, and curing the sample in a standard curing room for 28 days, or curing the sample with water sprayed thereon under a natural environment. In the invention, the material for river bank protection is produced with sand and water in river as raw materials with assistance of rubbles, coarse sand and cement and like materials. The materials are easy to obtain, so that the production method is simple and is low in cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to water conservancy and hydropower technical field, particularly relate to a kind of making method of novel ecological embankment material.
Background technology
Under alluvial stream is in nature evolution state, its river gesture, channel planform and water front etc. are all in uncontrollable state, can constitute a threat to safely to littoral socio-economic development and the people's lives and property, are unfavorable for the comprehensive function playing river.Therefore, carry out river regulation and bank slope protection and be stable water front, control river gesture, stable boat groove etc. and control river requirements of one's work, be beneficial to the comprehensive function giving full play to river.Bank slope protection is the important component part in river training works, ubiquity in river management engineering.With regard to middle and lower reach of Yangtze River channel revetment engineering, more than 90% is riprap protection pattern, the shore protection engineering in other river is also similar, most based on riprap protection, the maximum advantage of riprap protection be draw materials relatively easy, adapt to riverbed deformability strong, be easy to reinforce.Riprap protection needs a large amount of building stones, and obtain building stones source typically by exploitation mountain stone, large-area exploitation mountain stone can cause the havoc of local environment, damages the image of the fine territory of motherland.Therefore, the direction that equivalent material controls river worker effort is always sought.In recent years, for river course bank slope protection, domestic experimental project of having carried out other multiple pattern, achieves positive achievement.Such as, the novel material that channel revetment engineering in the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River adopts, new technology, novel process mainly contain hinged concrete row, mold-bagged concrete, hexagon four sides water-permeable frame, cobble pad, nethike embrane cobble row etc., in these shore protection patterns, cobble pad or cobble arrange comparative ecology comparatively speaking, river course taken from by shore protection main raw material(s), suitable exploitation river course cobble can not produce large impact to the ecotope in material source district, and the eco-environmental impact of this kind of shore protection engineering to guard plot is less, even can make moderate progress.But the cobble reserves of natural river course are limited, and overexploitation can cause the series of problems such as river course incision, water level reduction.Alluvial streams riverbed is primarily of middle fine sand or fine sand composition, and it is crucial for how gathering materials on the spot, passing through using the silt in river course as main raw material(s) to be suitably processed to form with the embankment material of cobble equivalence.Therefore, a kind of Novel revetment material of urgent need invention substitutes traditional embankment material in the past, to meet the needs of river regulation and bank slope protection, also farthest alleviates these engineering constructions to ecotope adverse effect simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the present invention proposes a kind of making method of novel ecological embankment material, utilize silt and water in river course as starting material and be aided with the material that applicable river course bank slope protection produced by rubble or the material such as coarse sand and cement, and prepare material be easy to obtain, prepare simple, with low cost.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme:
A kind of making method of novel ecological embankment material, it is characterized in that: the making method of described embankment material is: taking mass fraction according to proportioning raw materials is 129 ~ 133 parts of water, 206 ~ 213 parts of cement, 52 ~ 53 parts of flyash, 647 ~ 653 parts of sand, 1330 ~ 1342 parts of stones, 2.06 ~ 2.13 parts of water reducers and 0.015 ~ 0.016 part of air entrapment agent; Mixing is stirred, and pours out the performance detecting concrete mix after certain hour, and ensure that slump value is within the scope of 40mm ~ 60mm, air content is by 4% ~ 4.5% scope; Mixture is poured in mould, vibrate with vibrator, vibration compacting; Shaping rear test specimen is left standstill form removal after 24h, put into standard curing room maintenance 28 days, or maintenance of sprinkling water under physical environment.
Preferably, described cement be meet GB200-2003 moderate-heat portland cement, low-heat portland cement, low heat portland blast-furnace-slag cement technical requirements 42.5 moderate heat cements or meet the technical requirements of GB175-2007 general purpose portland cement 42.5 Portland cements.
Preferably, described flyash is meet the I level flyash that DL/T5055-2007 concrete for hydraulic structure mixes flyash technical specifications.
Preferably, described sand is the artificial rubble or the coarse sand that meet the technical requirements of DL/T5151-2001 concrete for hydraulic structure sandstone aggregate testing regulation; Stone adopts graduation two aggregate, and namely particle diameter is the gravelstone of 5 ~ 20mm, particle diameter is the middle stone of 20 ~ 40mm; Two kinds of aggregate ratios combine grating by coarse aggregate and test, and choose the grating ratio that tapped bulk density is maximum, porosity is minimum.
Preferably, described water reducer and air entrapment agent be meet the technical requirements of GB8076-2008 concrete admixture high-performance water reducing agent and air entrapment agent.
Described embankment material is flats spheroid, and preferred shape is semi-major axis is 0.1 ~ 0.3m, and minor semi-axis is 0.05 ~ 0.15m, and thickness is the oval ball of 0.05 ~ 0.15m.
The present invention has the following advantages:
(1) the present invention makes full use of the starting material making formation embankment material of natural river course, is conducive to energy-conserving and environment-protective.
(2) embankment material of the present invention can adjust size and shape according to actual needs, with the protection needs of satisfied different flow condition and bank slope final condition.
(3) because embankment material of the present invention is bulk solid or formation isostere, after carrying out bank slope protection, there is good river-bed deformation adaptive faculty, and the space between protection body is conducive to improving hydrobiological microhabitat.
(4) embankment material of the present invention can be adapted to river regulation and the bank slope protection in large, medium and small river, also can be used for the bank slope protection of other types.
Accompanying drawing
Fig. 1 makes the grating case of the natural sand that embankment material uses;
The structural representation of the representative embankment material of Fig. 2;
Fig. 3 makes the structural representation of the mould of embankment material.
Embodiment
Technical scheme for a better understanding of the present invention, describes technical scheme provided by the invention in detail below in conjunction with embodiment.
The present invention relates to a kind of making method of novel ecological embankment material, the method comprises the basic material of making, proportioning, the determination of embankment material size and shape and manufacture craft.
1, selection and the requirement of basic material is made
This novel ecological embankment material utilizes water, silt, rubble or coarse sand and cement as main raw material(s) and is aided with flyash and admixture completes.
The present invention has following requirement to starting material:
(1) cement
Meet GB200-2003 " moderate-heat portland cement, low-heat portland cement, low heat portland blast-furnace-slag cement " technical requirements 42.5 moderate heat cements or meet GB175-2007 " general purpose portland cement " technical requirements 42.5 Portland cements;
(2) flyash
Meet DL/T5055-2007 " concrete for hydraulic structure mixes flyash technical specifications " I level flyash;
(3) fine aggregate
Meet the sand of DL/T5151-2001 " concrete for hydraulic structure sandstone aggregate testing regulation " technical requirements, artificial sand fineness modulus is in 2.4 ~ 2.8 scopes, natural sand fineness modulus is in 2.2 ~ 3.0 scopes, and as shown in Figure 1, fine aggregate answers that quality is hard, clean, grating is good;
(4) coarse aggregate
Meet the artificial rubble of DL/T5151-2001 " concrete for hydraulic structure sandstone aggregate testing regulation " technical requirements, adopt graduation two aggregate, i.e. gravelstone (5-20mm), middle stone (20-40mm); Two kinds of aggregate ratios combine grating by coarse aggregate and test, and choose the grating ratio that tapped bulk density is maximum, porosity is minimum.
(5) admixture
Meet GB8076-2008 " concrete admixture " technical requirements high-performance water reducing agent and air entrapment agent.
2, ratio requirement
(1) determination of concrete preparation strength
Determine that this novel ecological embankment material concrete strength is C20 according to identical shore protection engineering material concrete strength, according to DL/T5330-2005 " mix proportion of concrete design discipline ", concrete preparation strength is calculated as follows:
f
cu,0＝f
cu,k+tσ(1)
In formula: f
cu, o-concrete preparation strength, MPa;
F
cu, kthe strength standard value in-Concrete Design length of time, MPa;
T-degree of probability coefficient; Selected by given fraction P, when design age is 28d, ultimate compression strength fraction P is 95%, corresponding t=1.645;
σ-concrete strength standard deviation, MPa, for C20 concrete, desirable 4.0.
As calculated, C20 Concrete Design preparation strength is 26.6MPa.
(2) mix Design
According to " mix proportion of concrete design discipline ", choose the mix-design basic parameters such as water-cement ratio, water consumption, sand coarse aggregate ratio, carry out examination and join, adjust and performance test, the final concrete mix determined is in table 2:
Table 2 graduation two Normal Concrete Construction proportioning
Note: 1. in table, material property need meet the technical requirements of corresponding specification.
2. show Central Plains density of material and be respectively cement 3.10kg/m3, flyash 2.30kg/m3, sand 2.67kg/m3, stone 2.70kg/m3, in practice of construction, finely tune according to material property change and mix workability with water gaging, sand coarse aggregate ratio and admixture dosage.
3. machine outlet graduation two normal concrete slump value presses 40mm ~ 60mm control; Air content controls by 4% ~ 4.5%.
Example 1: adopt the proportioning in table 2, choose Sichuan praise magnificent 42.5 moderate heat cements, Xuanwei of Yunnan Province I level fine coal, limestone artificial sand, limestone artificial aggregate, Jiangsu Botexin Materials Co., Ltd produce JM-II efficient retarding and water reducing agent and Huashuo Science Co., Ltd of Wuhan chemical institute produce HS-8 type air entrapment agent, test through compressive strength test, 28d ultimate compression strength is 27.2MPa, meets the configuration requirement of strength of C20 concrete 26.6MPa.
Example 2: adopt the proportioning in table 2, choose Yunnan and forever protect 42.5 Portland cements and inland river, Sichuan I level flyash, marble artificial sand, marble artificial aggregate, the HLC-NAF efficient retarding and water reducing agent of Nanjing R & D High Technology Co., Ltd.'s production and the concrete of HLC-A air entrapment agent configuration, test through compressive strength test, 28d ultimate compression strength is 28.4MPa, meets the configuration requirement of strength of C20 concrete 26.6MPa.
According to upper table 2
3, the determination of embankment material size and shape
The protective mechanism of shore protection engineering had both had the adjustment capability adapting to river-bed deformation, can protect again the domatic scouring capability exempting from current.With regard to embankment material, stability and the anti-impact requirement of individuality or cell cube must be met.The incipient velocity calculation formula that formula (2) is bulk solid on slope.
In formula: C
d, C
lfor the coefficient of thrust and uplift force, W, F
dbe respectively the effective gravity under water of bulk solid particle and the thrust along water (flow) direction, α
0, α
1, α
2be respectively gravity, uplift force, area factor that sliding force is corresponding, γ
s, γ is respectively the severe of the individual material of shore protection and water; H, D are respectively the particle diameter of the depth of water and bulk solid particle; M is the index in exponential velocity formula; α is the coefficient that underflow speed acts on bed surface sand grain height; λ is bourn acting force and horizontal angle; φ is the longitudinal base slope slope angle in river; G is universal gravity constant; θ is riverbank slope angle, if θ is critical slope, then and tan θ=f (internal friction angle); β
1for moment coefficient;
for the angle in sand grain direction of motion and sliding force direction,
with regard to formula (2), for coarse sediment, the coefficient in formula can be taken as C
d=0.7, C
l=0.18, β
1=0.38, m=6, α=1.0.Can be found out by formula (2), bulk solid particle is under different current and final condition, and on bank slope, the factor such as incipient velocity and its size, bank slope angle, the longitudinal base slope in riverbed of particle is relevant.Such as, incipient velocity increases with the increase of grain diameter, reduces with the steepening of bank slope, the reduction etc. with the increase of the longitudinal base slope in riverbed.
What calculate according to formula (2) the results are shown in Table 3.In formula (2), particle is considered with the shape of spheroid.The present invention considers under holding particle diameter condition on an equal basis mutually, shape adopts oval, and because the granular material of ellipse is relatively little by flow action area, it starts the spheroid holding particle diameter on an equal basis and wants difficult, therefore, the impact-resistance of embankment material of the present invention should be better than the calculation result in table 3.Consider the actual needs of middle and lower reach of Yangtze River shore protection engineering, embankment material under water of the present invention is individual holds particle diameter 0.2m (V=4.2 × 10 according to waiting
-3m
3; M=10kg) design, bank protection waterborne carries out in conjunction with stone pad, and embankment material is individual holds particle diameter 0.1m (V=5.2 × 10 according to waiting
-4m
3; M=1.3kg) design, its shape is oval-shaped ball, is conducive to like this increasing its impact-resistance.The appearance particle diameters such as Fig. 2 is are the individual shapes cases of design of 0.2m, 0.1m, and as shown in the figure, the major axis of oval ball is a, and minor axis is b, a=0.2m, b=0.1m.
The incipient velocity U of bulk solid particle under the different bank slope condition of table 3
c(m/s)
Note: the condition of the incipient velocity in table, depth of water 20.0m, there is φ=0, λ=0 in aspergillus ficuum; γ
s=2.4 × 10
3kg/m
3.
4, the manufacture craft of ecological revetment material
Manufacture craft is divided into following 3 steps:
(1) prepare
Concrete takes various starting material by proportioning in table, and pour concrete mixer into and to add water stirrings (or artificial mixing), mixing is poured out after the specified time, detection concrete mixture characteristic (parameter such as slump and air content);
(2) die-filling
Fig. 3 is shown in die design, and mould is the platypelloid type cylinder 1 that there is oval ball dead slot 2 at a middle part.Mixture is poured in mould, vibrate with vibrator, vibration compacting;
(3) maintenance
Scheme 1: shaping rear test specimen is left standstill form removal after 24h, puts into that temperature is 20 ± 2 DEG C, the standard curing room maintenance of relative humidity more than 95% 28 days, and concrete crushing strength can reach configuration intensity 26.6MPa;
Scheme 2: with wet gunnysack covering, watering maintenance under physical environment, keep moisture state, simultaneously formation of concrete cube specimen under the same conditions, after curing age 28d, adopt SL352-2006 " concrete for hydraulic structure testing regulation " measurement of test method to accompany the compressive strength of concrete of maintenance, this intensity reaches configuration intensity 26.6MPa can stop maintenance; If compressive strength of concrete does not reach configuration intensity, then continue maintenance to reaching configuration intensity.
The present invention has the following advantages:
(1) the present invention makes full use of the starting material making formation embankment material of natural river course, is conducive to energy-conserving and environment-protective.
(2) embankment material of the present invention can adjust size and shape according to actual needs, with the protection needs of satisfied different flow condition and bank slope final condition.
(3) because embankment material of the present invention is bulk solid or formation isostere, after carrying out bank slope protection, there is good river-bed deformation adaptive faculty, and the space between protection body is conducive to improving hydrobiological microhabitat.
(4) embankment material of the present invention can be adapted to river regulation and the bank slope protection in large, medium and small river, also can be used for the bank slope protection of other types.
The foregoing is only the detailed description of specific embodiment of the invention scheme, do not limit the present invention with this, all do in mentality of designing of the present invention any amendment, equivalent to replace and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the making method of a novel ecological embankment material, it is characterized in that: the making method of described embankment material is: taking mass fraction according to proportioning raw materials is 129 ~ 133 parts of water, 206 ~ 213 parts of cement, 52 ~ 53 parts of flyash, 647 ~ 653 parts of sand, 1330 ~ 1342 parts of stones, 2.06 ~ 2.13 parts of water reducers and 0.015 ~ 0.016 part of air entrapment agent; Mixing is stirred, and pours out the performance detecting concrete mix after certain hour, and ensure that slump value is within the scope of 40mm ~ 60mm, air content is by 4% ~ 4.5% scope; Mixture is poured in mould, vibrate with vibrator, vibration compacting; Shaping rear test specimen is left standstill form removal after 24h, put into standard curing room maintenance 28 days, or maintenance of sprinkling water under physical environment.
2. the making method of a kind of novel ecological embankment material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: preferred, described cement be meet GB200-2003 moderate-heat portland cement, low-heat portland cement, low heat portland blast-furnace-slag cement technical requirements 42.5 moderate heat cements or meet the technical requirements of GB175-2007 general purpose portland cement 42.5 in Portland cement.
3. the making method of a kind of novel ecological embankment material according to claim 1, is characterized in that: preferred, described flyash is meet the I level flyash that DL/T5055-2007 concrete for hydraulic structure mixes flyash technical specifications.
4. the making method of a kind of novel ecological embankment material according to claim 1, is characterized in that: preferred, described sand is the artificial rubble or the coarse sand that meet the technical requirements of DL/T5151-2001 concrete for hydraulic structure sandstone aggregate testing regulation; Stone adopts graduation two aggregate, and namely particle diameter is the gravelstone of 5 ~ 20mm, particle diameter is the middle stone of 20 ~ 40mm; Two kinds of aggregate ratios combine grating by coarse aggregate and test, and choose the grating ratio that tapped bulk density is maximum, porosity is minimum.
5. the making method of a kind of novel ecological embankment material according to claim 1, is characterized in that: preferred, described water reducer and air entrapment agent be meet the technical requirements of GB8076-2008 concrete admixture high-performance water reducing agent and air entrapment agent.
6. the making method of a kind of novel ecological embankment material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described embankment material is flats spheroid, preferred shape is semi-major axis is 0.1 ~ 0.3m, and minor semi-axis is 0.05 ~ 0.15m, and thickness is the oval ball of 0.05 ~ 0.15m.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105819772A (en) * | 2016-03-07 | 2016-08-03 | 华北水利水电大学 | Grid bank concrete mechanical performance test method |
| CN111592286A (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2020-08-28 | 杭州元成规划设计集团有限公司 | Ecological bank protection material with good biocompatibility |
| CN112250381A (en) * | 2020-10-12 | 2021-01-22 | 中国三峡建设管理有限公司 | High-strength high-crack-resistance anti-abrasion concrete with basalt excavating material as aggregate and preparation method thereof |
| CN114988794A (en) * | 2022-05-23 | 2022-09-02 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | High-strength ecological concrete for river and lake ecological bank protection and test block preparation method |
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| CN102409638A (en) * | 2011-09-02 | 2012-04-11 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Low water resistance anchoring piece |
| CN104088253A (en) * | 2014-06-23 | 2014-10-08 | 桐乡市禾源水泥制品有限公司 | Ecological concrete component with four connected sphere and production method thereof |
| CN104402352A (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2015-03-11 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Four-graded roller compacted concrete suitable for water power hydraulic engineering and preparation method thereof |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102409638A (en) * | 2011-09-02 | 2012-04-11 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Low water resistance anchoring piece |
| CN104088253A (en) * | 2014-06-23 | 2014-10-08 | 桐乡市禾源水泥制品有限公司 | Ecological concrete component with four connected sphere and production method thereof |
| CN104402352A (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2015-03-11 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Four-graded roller compacted concrete suitable for water power hydraulic engineering and preparation method thereof |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105819772A (en) * | 2016-03-07 | 2016-08-03 | 华北水利水电大学 | Grid bank concrete mechanical performance test method |
| CN111592286A (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2020-08-28 | 杭州元成规划设计集团有限公司 | Ecological bank protection material with good biocompatibility |
| CN112250381A (en) * | 2020-10-12 | 2021-01-22 | 中国三峡建设管理有限公司 | High-strength high-crack-resistance anti-abrasion concrete with basalt excavating material as aggregate and preparation method thereof |
| CN112250381B (en) * | 2020-10-12 | 2022-06-24 | 中国三峡建设管理有限公司 | High-strength high-crack-resistance abrasion-resistant concrete and preparation method thereof |
| CN114988794A (en) * | 2022-05-23 | 2022-09-02 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | High-strength ecological concrete for river and lake ecological bank protection and test block preparation method |
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