CN105130005B - A kind of compound gravel bed of artificial swamp - Google Patents
A kind of compound gravel bed of artificial swamp Download PDFInfo
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- CN105130005B CN105130005B CN201510680367.7A CN201510680367A CN105130005B CN 105130005 B CN105130005 B CN 105130005B CN 201510680367 A CN201510680367 A CN 201510680367A CN 105130005 B CN105130005 B CN 105130005B
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Abstract
A kind of compound gravel bed of artificial swamp, the present invention relates to artificial swamp gravel beds.The present invention is to solve existing artificial swamp gravel bed rejection effect is poor, the problem of nitrogen phosphorus in sewage can not be removed.The compound gravel bed of artificial swamp of the present invention is made of growth substrate layer and packing layer, growth substrate layer is located above packing layer, growth substrate layer is the mixture of soil and vermiculite, and packing layer is made of from water inlet end to water outlet extreme direction gravel section, zeolite section and volcanic rock gravel mixing section successively.The COD removal rates of the compound gravel bed of the artificial swamp are higher than 50%, and the removal rate of total nitrogen total phosphorus cuts dirt also more than 60%, available for carry out sewage in artificial swamp.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to artificial swamp gravel bed and laying methods.
Background technology
Artificial swamp is to realize that natural wetland is voluntarily degraded a kind of sewage disposal of dirty water pollutant by artificially controlling
Method, into artificial swamp sewage along the direction of flowing by adsorbing, retaining, microbial degradation, precipitation, root system of plant inhale
The effects that receipts, realizes water body purification.The purification of water body relies primarily on the retention absorption of wetland planting aquatic plants, wetland gravel bed
Filtering absorption, microorganism decomposition, cobble-stone bed is in addition to the work with trapped particles pollutant and absorbed portion pollutant
With top also provides place as the matrix of plant growth for the normal growth of plant, and the surface of gravel bed substrate is also as micro-
The carrier of biological growth supplies microbial growth.
Chinese patent " ZL200510047935.6 " discloses a kind of compound flow constructed wetland, and the artificial swamp is by vertical current
Artificial swamp unit and level stream gravel bed are composed up and down, and vertical current constructed wetland unit is located at system top, level stream
Gravel bed is located at system lower part.Using the big gravel of 10~20mm, rest part adopts for the water inlet end of gravel bed and water outlet
It is the gravel of 1~10mm, vertical current constructed wetland and level stream gravel bed are combined, effectively removed in sewage by the method
TSS, BOD, TN have only played the effect of gravel bed denitrification for Removing Nitrogen, and the removal of phosphorus is not directed to, and due to selecting sand
Gravel is poor for the suction-operated of pollutant as gravel bed fillers.Entire artificial swamp is low for the whole removal rate of nitrogen phosphorus, nothing
Method meets efficiently cuts dirty requirement for sewage.
Invention content
It the present invention is to solve existing artificial swamp gravel bed rejection effect is general, and easily blocks, can not go to decontaminate
In water the problem of nitrogen phosphorus, and provide a kind of artificial swamp compound gravel bed.
The compound gravel bed of artificial swamp of the present invention is made of growth substrate layer and packing layer, and growth substrate layer is located at filler
Layer top, growth substrate layer is the mixture of soil and vermiculite, packing layer from water inlet end to water outlet extreme direction successively by gravel section,
Zeolite section and volcanic rock gravel mixing section composition.
The compound gravel bed of artificial swamp of the present invention is divided into two layers up and down according to vertical direction, and the growth substrate layer on upper strata is made
For the growth substrate of water plant, the packing layer of lower floor is laid with gravel section, zeolite section, volcanic rock from water inlet end to water outlet successively
Gravel mixing section, as the filtering of artificial swamp and absorption main body, and the growth and breeding for microorganism provides carrier.
It by soil and vermiculite is according to volume ratio 2 that wherein growth substrate layer, which is,:1~1.2 is uniformly mixed.Vermiculite can have
Effect improves the content of soil mineral, promotes quick growth of plant, while vermiculite may also help in plant and fix root system.
Volcanic rock gravel mixing section in lower floor's packing layer is according to volume ratio 1 by volcanic rock and gravel stone:1~1.5
It is even to mix.The abundant specific surface area of volcanic rock is suitble to microorganism in the growth of its surface, breeding, formation biomembrane, microorganism
Harmless unrestraint does not influence its activity, and stronger to the nitrogen in sewage and phosphorus adsorption capacity.
The present invention selects the composition matrix of soil, vermiculite, gravel, zeolite, volcanic rock as gravel bed, horizontal and vertical
Nogata has the characteristics that matrix layering, the gravel bed by design is carried out：
1st, mix vermiculite in the soil, improve the gas permeability and the property of water-bearing of growth substrate layer, can long-time stable carry
For the moisture needed for plant growth and nutrition；It can also effectively prevent the pH value cataclysm of growth substrate layer simultaneously, play well
Cushioning effect reduces influence of the water quality impact to constructed wetland plant；Additionally, due to vermiculite itself also containing K, Mg, Ca, Fe etc.
Minerals, can improve content of the growth substrate layer for the minerals needed for plant growth, and the plant to grow hypothallus is growing
Initial stage provides sufficient minerals, and plant seedlings is enable to stablize development.
2nd, zeolite section is equipped in packing layer, zeolite is a kind of natural, harmless, free of contamination environmentally friendly material, is had
Preferable mechanical performance；Zeolite, the main ion containing Na and Ca, wherein CaO can promote the precipitation of phosphorus to remove, so in sewage
The removal of phosphorus has good effect, while zeolite has extraordinary absorption property for nitrogen, reaches 1.6molkg-1。
3rd, the volcanic rock gravel mixing section in the packing layer of rear end, due to adding with abundant specific surface area volcano
Rock makes packing layer other than having good absorption property, also helps fixation and the biofilm of microorganism, contributes to microorganism
In surface growth and breeding, the removal efficiency of dirty water pollutant can be improved indirectly.
The growth substrate layer on the compound gravel bed top of artificial swamp of the present invention can meet most of water plant root system life
Long, the selection of thickness and gravel, volcanic rock and sized zeolite particles in the packing layer of lower floor makes gravel bed accessory for good intensity
And compressive property, stable hydraulics are capable of providing, the compound gravel bed of the artificial swamp removes for sanitary sewage disposal SS
Rate is higher than 90%, COD removal rates higher than 85%, and the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen total nitrogen total phosphorus is also, it can be achieved that sewage more than 60%
Efficiently cut dirt；For sewage disposal plant effluent advanced treating, it can ensure that water outlet reaches level-one A standards.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of the compound gravel bed of artificial swamp of the present invention.Wherein 1 is growth hypothallus, and 2 be filler
Layer；2-1 is gravel section, 2-2 is zeolite section, 2-3 is volcanic rock gravel mixing section.
Specific embodiment：
Specific embodiment one：The compound gravel bed of artificial swamp of present embodiment is by 2 groups of growth substrate layer 1 and packing layer
It is located at 2 top of packing layer into, growth substrate layer 1, growth substrate layer 1 is the mixture of soil and vermiculite, and packing layer 2 is from water inlet end
It is made of successively gravel section 2-1, zeolite section 2-2 and volcanic rock gravel mixing section 2-3 to water outlet extreme direction.
The compound gravel bed of artificial swamp of present embodiment is divided into two layers up and down according to vertical direction, the growth substrate on upper strata
Growth substrate of the layer as water plant, the packing layer of lower floor are laid with gravel section, zeolite section, fire from water inlet end to water outlet successively
Mountain rock gravel mixing section, as the filtering of artificial swamp and absorption denitrogenation phosphorus main body, and the growth and breeding for microorganism provides
Carrier.
Specific embodiment two：The present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that growth substrate layer be by soil and
Vermiculite is according to volume ratio 2:(1~1.2) is uniformly mixed.Other are same as the specific embodiment one.
Specific embodiment three：The present embodiment is different from the first and the second embodiment in that the fire in lower floor's packing layer
Mountain rock gravel mixing section is according to volume ratio 1 by volcanic rock and gravel stone：(1~1.2) is uniformly mixed.Other and specific reality
It is identical to apply mode one or two.
Specific embodiment four：Unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to three described in packing layer
5~12mm of grain size of gravel.It is other identical with one of specific embodiment one to three.
Specific embodiment five：Unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to four described in packing layer
The grain size of volcanic rock is 30~50mm.It is other identical with one of specific embodiment one to four.
Specific embodiment six：Unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to five described in packing layer
The grain size of zeolite is 5~10mm.It is other identical with one of specific embodiment one to five.
Specific embodiment seven：Growth substrate layer unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to six
Thickness is 200~250mm.It is other identical with one of specific embodiment one to six.
Specific embodiment eight：The thickness of packing layer unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to seven
For 600~650mm.It is other identical with one of specific embodiment one to seven.
Specific embodiment nine：Packing layer cobble-stone unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to eight
The length ratio of section, zeolite section and volcanic rock gravel mixing section is 1：(1~1.2)：(1~1.2).Other and specific embodiment one
It is identical to one of eight.
With following verification experimental verification beneficial effects of the present invention：
Embodiment 1：The compound gravel bed of artificial swamp of the present embodiment is that have in long 3000mm, width 500mm, high 1000mm
It is laid in machine glass reactor, compound gravel bed is made of growth substrate layer and packing layer, and growth substrate layer is located at packing layer
Top, it by soil and vermiculite is according to volume ratio 2 that growth substrate layer, which is,:1 is uniformly mixed, the length of growth substrate layer
3000mm, width 500mm, high 200mm；Packing layer is followed successively by gravel section, zeolite section, volcanic rock gravel from water inlet end to water outlet extreme direction
Stone mixing section, wherein volcanic rock gravel mixing section are according to volume ratio 1 by volcanic rock and gravel：1 is uniformly mixed, gravel section
With 5~12mm of grain size of the gravel in volcanic rock gravel mixing section, the grain size of volcanic rock is 30~50mm, and the grain size of zeolite is 5
~10mm, gravel section, zeolite section, volcanic rock gravel mixing section are all long 1000m, width 500mm, high 600mm.
The compound gravel bed of the artificial swamp is applied to horizontal drowned flow artificial wet land, sanitary sewage is handled, verifies this gravel
The biodegradation of stone bed and the function and effect of absorption retention, it is aquatic on the compound gravel bed of artificial swamp not plant any wetland
Sewage is made to enter the compound gravel bed of artificial swamp from side gravel section in the case of plant, is gone out from opposite side volcanic rock gravel section
Water.After gravel bed section cuts dirty suction-operated, continuous operation, for 24 hours, after stable operation 20d, detection passes in and out hydraulic detention time
SS, pH, COD, BOD, NH before and after water3- N, TN, TP index are as shown in table 1 below.
1 Inlet and outlet water water quality index of table
| Water quality | SS | pH | COD | BOD | NH3-N | TN | TP |
| Water inlet | 251 | 6.3 | 285.0 | 90.3 | 36.85 | 45.89 | 3.27 |
| Water outlet | 9.2 | 6.7 | 45.1 | 7.4 | 5.67 | 12.88 | 1.04 |
As it can be seen from table 1 the compound gravel bed accessory of the artificial swamp of the present embodiment has very strong removal pollutant ability, especially
It has preferable removal effect for nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants.
This similary artificial wetland treatment sewage disposal plant effluent (level-one B standard) is as advanced treatment process, stable operation
After 20d, SS, pH, COD, BOD, NH before and after Inlet and outlet water are detected3- N, TN, TP index are as shown in table 2 below.
2 Inlet and outlet water water quality index of table
| Water quality | SS | pH | COD | BOD | NH3-N | TN | TP |
| Water inlet | 24 | 6.4 | 55.0 | 10.8 | 6.35 | 15.70 | 1.46 |
| Water outlet | 5.6 | 6.7 | 38.7 | 6.6 | 3.10 | 9.23 | 0.99 |
Embodiment 2：
Using method in the same manner as in Example 1 long 3000mm, width 500mm, high 1000mm organic glass reactor
The middle laying compound gravel bed of artificial swamp；Again another long 3000mm, width 500mm, high 1000mm organic glass reactor
In insert the soil with the compound gravel bed same volume of artificial swamp, in two reactors, from water inlet end to water outlet simultaneously
Reed, wilson iris, the rhizoma calami seedling of identical quantity are planted successively, are poured using the water of identical water quality.Plant is cultivated
Time is 60 days, does not during which add any herbicide and agriculture chemical, and when off-test all takes out plant, cleans, measures
Plant growth index is as shown in table 2 below.The compound gravel bed Inlet and outlet water water quality index of artificial swamp is as shown in table 3 after 60 days.
Plant growth index in 3 two reactors of table
The compound gravel bed Inlet and outlet water water quality index of artificial swamp after table 4 60 days
| Water quality | SS | pH | COD | BOD | NH3-N | TN | TP |
| Water inlet | 43 | 6.1 | 57.5 | 17.3 | 9.47 | 15.04 | 2.46 |
| Water outlet | 8 | 6.8 | 26.7 | 6.5 | 3.62 | 7.62 | 0.87 |
From table 2 and 3 as can be seen that the plant growth state in the compound gravel bed of artificial swamp will be significantly larger than in soil
Middle growing plants.This illustrates that the compound gravel bed of artificial swamp can improve plant growth environment, provides element needed for plant growth,
Root growth is vigorous, can improve sewage disposal level.It is equal for the various pollutants in sewage of low concentration after system stable operation
There is a good removal effect, COD removal rates are higher than 50%, and the removal rate of total nitrogen total phosphorus is also more than 60%.
The check experiment of the single gravel bed of an artificial swamp is done again, in a long 3000mm, width 500mm, high 1000mm
Organic glass reactor in insert the single gravel bed that gravel builds long 3000m, width 500mm, high 600mm, the grain size 5 of gravel
~12mm.It plants reed, wilson iris, the rhizoma calami seedling of identical quantity successively simultaneously from water inlet end to water outlet, uses dirt
Water is poured.Single gravel bed Inlet and outlet water water quality index is as shown in table 5 after 60 days.
5 single gravel bed Inlet and outlet water water quality index of table
| Water quality | SS | pH | COD | BOD | NH3-N | TN | TP |
| Water inlet | 43 | 6.1 | 57.5 | 17.3 | 9.47 | 15.04 | 2.46 |
| Water outlet | 11 | 6.3 | 38.9 | 8.3 | 4.61 | 11.2 | 1.20 |
Comparison sheet 4 and table 5, the compound gravel bed of artificial swamp and single gravel bed for the sewage of identical water quality at
Reason, the compound gravel bed effect of artificial swamp is better than single gravel bed, especially for the removal of total nitrogen and phosphorus.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of compound gravel bed of artificial swamp, it is characterised in that the compound gravel bed is by growth substrate layer (1) and packing layer (2)
Composition, for growth substrate layer (1) above packing layer (2), growth substrate layer (1) is soil and vermiculite according to volume ratio 2:(1~
1.2) mixture being uniformly mixed, packing layer (2) are followed successively by gravel section (2-1), zeolite from water inlet end to water outlet extreme direction
Section (2-2), volcanic rock gravel mixing section (2-3)；Wherein volcanic rock gravel mixing section is according to volume by volcanic rock and sand gravel
Than 1：(1~1.2) is uniformly mixed；5~12mm of grain size of sand gravel；The grain size of volcanic rock is 30~50mm；The grain of zeolite
Diameter is 5~10mm；The thickness of the growth substrate layer is 200~250mm；The thickness of described filler layer is 600~650mm；Institute
The length ratio for stating gravel section in packing layer, zeolite section and volcanic rock gravel mixing section is 1：(1~1.2)：(1~1.2).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510680367.7A CN105130005B (en) | 2015-10-19 | 2015-10-19 | A kind of compound gravel bed of artificial swamp |
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| CN201510680367.7A CN105130005B (en) | 2015-10-19 | 2015-10-19 | A kind of compound gravel bed of artificial swamp |
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| CN105130005B true CN105130005B (en) | 2018-06-26 |
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| CN109928571A (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2019-06-25 | 玉溪师范学院 | A kind of structure and its construction method of low-pollution water advanced treating artificial wet land system |
| CN113045146A (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2021-06-29 | 中国市政工程西北设计研究院有限公司 | Non-point source pollution collecting and treating system for livestock farm and construction method thereof |
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