CN105123510A - Seed breeding method of naturally-capped dwarf compact cabbage-type rape - Google Patents
Seed breeding method of naturally-capped dwarf compact cabbage-type rape Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a seed breeding method of a cabbage-type rape, wherein the seed breeding method is suitable for mechanical harvest and the cabbage-type rape is naturally capped in main inflorescence, is limited in siliques and is dwarf and compact in character. The seed breeding method includes following steps: (1) with the cabbage-type dwarf rapes 3H004 and compact-plant rapes 7399-8 as parents to performing hybridization to obtain an F1-generation; (2) in an early blooming period, selecting the buds being 3.0-4.0 mm in length on the main inflorescence and upper branched inflorescences of the F1 plant, perforning mutagenesis with EMS (ethyl methylsulfonate) and then performing colchicines doubling and microspore induction culture to obtain a DH separated population; (3) with plant height, branch characters, main inflorescence length, total silique number, growth period and oil-containing quantity and the like main characters, performing multi-year and multi-point in-field phenotype character identification to the DH separated population; and (4) selecting the variation materials which is naturally capped in main inflorescence, is limited in siliques, is lower than the upper branched inflorescences in height, is concentrated in blossom period and silique layers, and is dwarf and compact. The method can be used for obtaining the rape which is naturally capped in main inflorescence, is limited in siliques and is dwarf and compact in character. The method, when being popularized, can reduce planting cost of rapes and achieves excellent economical benefit.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to rapeseed breeding technical field, the main inflorescence being specifically related to a kind of suitable for mechanized harvest bind naturally, limited knot angle, compact rape of short stem breeding method.
Background technology
China's Rape-seed production tool level is low, and the kind being suitable for mechanized harvest is few, and the launch-work of throwing work is many, labour intensity large, Comparative Profits is not high, and rural laborer is short in addition, cost is high, and China's Rape industry is faced a severe challenge.According to statistics, in Rape-seed production process, only results link manually drops into and just accounts for 60% of total amount of labour used.Breeding high-yield high-quality, the new varieties being particularly suitable for mechanized harvest are the important measures reducing Rape-seed production cost, improve planting benefit.And initiative meets the Special germplasm resources of breeding objective, be again cultivate meet Breeding objective desirable kind, promote the basis that increasing crop yield increases income.Traditional breeding technique depends on selfing restructuring and the artificial selection of filial generation, this not only needs very large segregation population and longer test period, the experience of breeder and Subjective are also had higher requirements, therefore, time-consuming and inefficiency.
Rape is indefinite inflorescence crop, main inflorescence is higher than top branch, most product plant is tall and big, branch and angle fruit compare dispersion, be easy to lodging, and the florescence longer (general sustainable 20-30 days), stem, on branch, different levels angle fruit maturation time is inconsistent, often main inflorescence lower angle fruit is ripe turns yellow, and middle and upper part and branch angle fruit be still in green can not be ripe, be difficult to carry out disposable machine uniformly results and threshing, for these features, the states such as spring rape district of China and Canada adopt swath harvesting threshing method, namely the rape maturing stage first utilizes swather to cut down airing, carry out again picking up threshing after after-ripening is dried, but it obviously increases cost compared with disposable machine uniformly harvest-seed extraction and field is lost, these features make it be unfavorable for scale, mechanized harvest, be unfavorable for the raising of planting benefit.Therefore, all will formulate compact, florescence of short stem both at home and abroad and the new oil colza matter such as angle fruit layer is concentrated, cracking resistance angle, anti-fall resistance to dense planting, cultivate be suitable for mechanized harvest kind as the main goal of attack of rape genetic improvement.
In recent years, China compact, downgrade, the initiative of cracking resistance angle rape kind matter and be suitable for that mechanization is live, all achieve greater advance in the cultivation of the cabbage type rape variety of resistance to dense planting.Wherein, breeding method (the number of patent application: 200810048092.5) working out a kind of short-haulm compact type cole of suitable for mechanized harvest such as Hua Zhong Agriculture University Fu Yan, cultivate by the method the cabbage type rape obtained and there is the advantages such as short bar, plant type is compact, the florescence is concentrated, good germ plasm resource, but the main inflorescence non-natural of this rape binds, individual plant angle fruit number is only about 100, and yielding ability is general.
Indefinite inflorescence is that rapeseed plants is tall and big, angle fruit disperses, be easy to the main cause that lodges, the florescence is longer, if selected, main inflorescence binds naturally, the rape variety of limited knot angle type, above-mentioned bad proterties will be made greatly to improve, for rape variety improvement, cultivate compact, anti-fall, to be suitable for mechanized harvest rape variety of getting bumper crops of short stem and will have meaning of crucial importance.At present, not yet have naturally bind about the main inflorescence of seed selection, the report of limited knot angle type new rape variety method.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide the main inflorescence of a kind of seed selection naturally to bind, limited knot angle, compact new rape variety of short stem breeding method.Utilize the method to cultivate rape kind matter that compact of short stem is suitable for mechanized harvest, stronger than the Objective of traditional breeding method, efficiency is higher.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of breeding method of the compact cabbage type rape of short stem that naturally binds of suitable mechanical results, comprise the steps: 1) with the Wild cabbage type of Shanxi Province Crossbred Cole Research Center's self-fertile short bar rape 3H004 for female parent, plant type compact rape 7399-8 is that male parent is hybridized, and obtains hybrid F
1generation, 2) to step 1) F that obtains
1plant, the pollen getting young flower bud on the main inflorescence of plant and top branched inflorescence at initial bloom stage carries out microspores culture, utilizes EMS to carry out mutagenesis and colchicin carries out chromosome doubling, and obtaining double haploid (DH) is colony, 3) for step 2) obtain, transplanting is that colony carries out 3 years to the double haploid (DH) in land for growing field crops, the field phenotypic evaluation of annual two test sites, select plant height, plant type, branch characteristic, main inflorescence length, main inflorescence angle fruit number, complete stool angle fruit number, breeding time, the phenotype that rapeseed oil content eight major traitses and ordinary cole there are differences is short bar, plant type is compact, branch and stem angle less, main inflorescence is that nature binds and limited knot angle, complete stool child's hair twisted in a knot-childhood fruit number is close to the average of two parent angle fruit sums, florescence concentrates, the variations of rapeseed types of material that rapeseed oil content is higher, acquisition is bound naturally, limited knot angle, short-haulm compact type cole kind.
Wherein, mutagenesis and the separation and Extraction step of rape microspore are: at rape initial bloom stage, get hybrid F
1on the main inflorescence of plant and top branched inflorescence, length is that the B5 medium that the bud of 3.0-4.0mm is put into containing 0.01-0.05% (wt/wt) EMS and 1-10mg/LABA grinds, with B5 medium rinsing 3-5 time containing EMS and ABA after mutagenic treatment 10-30min, to extract microspore.
Embryo rate is become with certain in order to obtain higher induced mutation rate, applicant is before to the process of rape microspore mutagenesis, contrast with the B5 culture fluid not containing EMS, carry out the gradient test of mutagen concentration and mutation time, obtaining best mutagenic treatment condition is: with the 0.01-0.05%EMS mutagenic treatment 10-30min of medial lethal dose, this condition both can obtain higher induced mutation rate, obtained again certain product embryo amount.
Chromosome doubling step is: the microspore crossed through EMS mutagenic treatment is put into the NLN medium being added with 50mg/L colchicin and double 48 hours, change again to without colchicin and containing 0.01-0.05mg/LTDZ and 0.01-0.05mg/LNAA NLN medium in carry out microspore Fiber differentiation, finally obtaining double haploid (DH) is colony.
To transplant to the double haploid (DH) in land for growing field crops be that colony carries out field phenotypic evaluation and selection criteria is: plant height 120-160cm; Branch and stem angle≤30 degree, and branch position is comparatively concentrated; Main inflorescence is that nature binds, limited knot angle, and angle fruit number is the 1/3-1/2 of two parent main inflorescence angle fruit averages; Complete stool child's hair twisted in a knot-childhood fruit number is close to the average of two parent angle fruit sums; Angle fruit layer height 40-60cm; Flowering stage concentrates, and shortens 5-7 days than two parent's averages; The oil content of rape seed is greater than 46%.
Adopt above-mentioned breeding method, the field phenotype of the rape variety 09-3048 (as shown in Figure 1) that applicant selects is: plant height about 140cm; Main inflorescence binds naturally, limited knot angle, and height is lower than top branch height; Main inflorescence length 20-26cm, angle fruit number 20-26; The complete stool child's hair twisted in a knot-childhood really several about 200; Primary branch number 5-6; Branch and stem angle≤30 degree; Angle fruit layer height about 40-50cm; Flowering stage 15-20 days; Rapeseed oil content 48.6%.
Stable owing to transplanting to the compact rape 09-3048 phenotype of short stem that naturally binds in land for growing field crops, be specially that plant type is compact, branch and less, the main inflorescence height of stem angle lower than concentrating in top branch, flowering stage, angle fruit layer closely and lodging resistance, yielding ability are good, above-mentioned phenotype and ordinary cole are distinguished significantly (as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3), be very suitable for high-density planting and mechanized harvest, therefore, above-mentioned plant forms feature can be used for differentiating that main inflorescence binds naturally, limited knot angle, compact rape of short stem and derivative offspring thereof.
Compact and the short bar rape kind matter that this research center was formulated by the present invention is in the past hybridized, fully the multiple gene polymerization directive breeding technology such as polymeric chemical mutagenesis, microspores culture carries out germplasm innovation again, higher than the efficiency of traditional single breeding technique, on the basis can be polymerized at multiple target gene, obtain excellent kind of a matter of isozygotying quickly by mutagenesis, microspores culture and Screening and Identification.The compact rape kind matter of short stem of this method initiative has that main inflorescence binds naturally, limited knot corner characteristics proterties, and this proterties is dominant inheritance, its hybrid F
1in generation, also has this characteristic trait, and it is applied for rape variety improvement, cultivates compact, the anti-fall rape variety being suitable for mechanized harvest of getting bumper crops of short stem and has meaning of crucial importance.
In sum, compared with background technology, the invention provides one cabbage type rape breeding method fast and effectively, the new rape variety that the method is cultivated has that main inflorescence binds naturally, limited knot corner characteristics characteristic, overcomes the bad proterties such as the plant that rape indefinite inflorescence causes is tall and big, angle fruit disperses, be easy to lodging, the florescence is longer; This characteristic trait is dominant inheritance, its hybrid F
1for having equally, nature binds, limited knot angle characteristic.It is applied for rape variety improvement, cultivate of short stem compact, the anti-fall rape variety being suitable for mechanized harvest of getting bumper crops is significant, rape yield increasing can be made to increase income, improve rapeseed cultivation benefit.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1: what the inventive method seed selection obtained binds naturally, compact new rape variety 09-3048 aspect graph of short stem.
Fig. 2: the new rape variety 09-3048 that the inventive method seed selection obtains and the difference of ordinary cole.
Fig. 3: what the inventive method seed selection obtained binds naturally, the land for growing field crops aspect graph of short-haulm compact type cole new varieties.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: main inflorescence binds naturally, limited knot angle, compact rapeseed breeding of short stem test
(1) hybridize: with the Wild cabbage type of Shanxi Province Crossbred Cole Research Center's self-fertile rape 3H004 of short stem for female parent, plant type compact rape 7399-8 is that male parent is hybridized, and obtains hybrid F
1.Autumn is by parent and hybrid F
1plant in field, transplant in greenhouse after outdoor is by vernalization.
(2) setting up double haploid (DH) is colony: the F obtained step (1)
1plant, the pollen getting young flower bud on the main inflorescence of plant and top branched inflorescence at initial bloom stage carries out microspores culture, utilizes EMS to carry out mutagenesis and colchicin carries out chromosome doubling, and obtaining 446 double haploids (DH) is colony, and concrete steps are as follows:
1) mutagenesis of rape microspore and separation and Extraction: at rape initial bloom stage, get hybrid F
1on the main inflorescence of plant and top branched inflorescence, length is that the bud (whether being in monokaryon late period with biomicroscope sampling observation microspore development) of 3.0-4.0mm is clean with distilled water flushing; Superclean bench is first used 70% alcohol sterilizing 30s, then uses 20% clorox sterilizing 15-30min, then use aseptic water washing 3 times; Get the B5 liquid nutrient medium that the good bud of sterilizing puts into containing 0.01%-0.05% (wt/wt) EMS and 1-10mg/LABA and grind to form homogenate, with 300 order double-layer nylon net filtrations, 10ml centrifuge tube collects filtrate; Leave standstill after mutagenic treatment 10-30min, through the centrifugal 5min of 800rpm, with the B5 liquid nutrient medium rinsing 3 times containing EMS and ABA, abandoning supernatant is for subsequent use.2) chromosome doubling: add the NLN medium containing 50mg/L colchicin in above-mentioned centrifuge tube, suspension microspore, and be sub-packed in (every ware 20-30 bud, 5-8ml culture fluid) in diameter 60mm culture dish, Parafilm seals, 32 DEG C of light culture 48h.
3) microspores culture: by the centrifugal 5min of culture 1000rpm through above-mentioned process, abandoning supernatant, remove colchicin, and the NLN medium suspension microspore added containing TDZ0.01-0.05mg/L and NAA0.01-0.05mg/L, being sub-packed in diameter is (every ware 10-15ml in the sterile petri dish of 90mm, an about 20-30 bud), Parafilm seals, and is then transferred in the constant temperature water bath incubator of 25 DEG C and cultivates.When the visible embryoid of naked eyes, culture dish is transferred to 25 DEG C, light culture on 40-60rpm shaking table.Until embryoid is reached maturity, embryoid is inoculated into containing 0.1mg/LGA
3b5 solid culture medium on transfer them to containing 6-BA0.1mg/L+0.01mg/LNAA MS solid culture medium after seedling differentiation on carry out subculture and propagation, transplant to land for growing field crops in good time.
(3) obtain that main inflorescence binds naturally, limited knot angle, compact rape of short stem: the phenotypic features under different ecological environment according to breeding objective and rape, in spring rape district (Zhangye, Gansu) and winter rape district (Dali, Shaanxi), planted in different ecological areas is carried out to this colony and to shuttle back and forth Screening and Identification.Wherein, mainly in winter rape district the limited knot angle characteristic of the plant type of segregation population, plant height and main inflorescence is identified, sorts out and selected; In spring rape district except the above-mentioned proterties of colony is selected, mainly qualification is carried out to the oil content of its florescence, prematurity, seed and resistance to dense planting characteristic etc. and select.According to plant height, plant type, branch characteristic, main inflorescence length, main inflorescence angle fruit number, the complete stool angle fruit proterties such as number, breeding time, carry out field test to 446 colonies of DH system, these proterties of DH system being numbered 09-3048 are different from other.Carry out planted in different ecological areas (winter rape district, Dali, Shaanxi, spring rape district, Zhangye, Gansu) field test to 09-3048, really layer height, flowering stage etc., proterties was very stable for its plant height, plant type, branch characteristic, main inflorescence length, angle.These proterties are embodied in: plant height about 140cm (ordinary cole about 180cm); Main inflorescence height is lower than top branch (the main inflorescence of ordinary cole is higher than top branch); Main inflorescence length 20-26cm (ordinary cole is greater than 50cm); Main inflorescence angle fruit number about 20-26 (ordinary cole is greater than 50); Several about 200 of complete stool angle fruit (ordinary cole 200-300); Angle fruit layer 40-50cm (ordinary cole is more than 70cm); 15-20 days flowering stage (ordinary cole 20-30 days); Rapeseed oil content 48.6%.Under normal cultivation condition, the main inflorescence that the present invention cultivates binds naturally, limited knot angle, compact rapeseed cultivation density of short stem can reach 40,000 plants/acre, the general 1-2 of ordinary cole ten thousand plants/acre.
Claims (4)
1. suitable mechanical results main inflorescence naturally bind, limited knot angle, compact cabbage type rape of short stem a breeding method, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
1) with the Wild cabbage type of Shanxi Province Crossbred Cole Research Center's self-fertile short bar rape 3H004 for female parent, plant type compact rape 7399-8 is that male parent is hybridized, and obtains hybrid F
1generation;
2) to step 1) F that obtains
1plant, the pollen getting young flower bud on the main inflorescence of plant and top branched inflorescence at initial bloom stage carries out microspores culture, utilizes EMS to carry out mutagenesis and colchicin carries out chromosome doubling, and obtaining double haploid (DH) is colony;
3) for step 2) obtain, transplanting is the field phenotypic evaluation that colony carries out 3 years annual two test sites to the double haploid (DH) in land for growing field crops, select plant height, plant type, branch characteristic, main inflorescence length, main inflorescence angle fruit number, complete stool angle fruit number, breeding time, the phenotype that rapeseed oil content eight major traitses and ordinary cole there are differences is short bar, plant type is compact, branch and stem angle less, main inflorescence is that nature binds and limited knot angle, complete stool child's hair twisted in a knot-childhood fruit number is close to the average of two parent angle fruit sums, florescence concentrates, the variations of rapeseed types of material that rapeseed oil content is higher, obtain main inflorescence naturally to bind, limited knot angle, short-haulm compact type cole kind.
2. breeding method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described step 2) in the mutagenesis of rape microspore and separation and Extraction step be: at rape initial bloom stage, get hybrid F
1on the main inflorescence of plant and top branched inflorescence, length is that the B5 medium that the bud of 3.0-4.0mm is put into containing 0.01-0.05% (wt/wt) EMS and 1-10mg/LABA grinds, with B5 medium rinsing 3-5 time containing EMS and ABA after mutagenic treatment 10-30min, to extract microspore.
3. breeding method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step 2) in chromosome doubling be specially: the microspore crossed through EMS mutagenic treatment is put into the NLN medium being added with 50mg/L colchicin and doubles 48 hours, change again to without colchicin and containing 0.01-0.05mg/LTDZ and 0.01-0.05mg/LNAA NLN medium in carry out microspore Fiber differentiation, obtain double haploid (DH) be colony.
4. breeding method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described step 3) in be that colony carries out field phenotypic evaluation and selection criteria is to the double haploid (DH) of transplanting to land for growing field crops: plant height 120-160cm; Branch and stem angle≤30 degree, and branch position is comparatively concentrated; Main inflorescence is that nature binds, limited knot angle, and angle fruit number is the 1/3-1/2 of two parent main inflorescence angle fruit averages; Complete stool child's hair twisted in a knot-childhood fruit number is close to the average of two parent angle fruit sums; Angle fruit layer height 40-60cm; Flowering stage concentrates, and shortens 5-7 days than two parent's averages; The oil content of rape seed is greater than 46.0%.
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Cited By (13)
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| CN105766621A (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2016-07-20 | 贵州省油菜研究所 | Breeding method of rape with high-density siliques on main inflorescence and application |
| CN105900833A (en) * | 2016-03-15 | 2016-08-31 | 林淑录 | Combined mutation breeding method for rape |
| CN106134982A (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2016-11-23 | 河南省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | The breeding method of cabbage type rape new lines |
| CN106613927A (en) * | 2016-12-31 | 2017-05-10 | 湖南大学 | Application of cabbage type rape dwarf material to rapeseed breeding |
| CN109937876A (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2019-06-28 | 南京农业大学 | A method of improving Chinese cabbage microspore embryo's inductivity |
| CN110547193A (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2019-12-10 | 南京农业大学 | Method for cultivating non-heading Chinese cabbage microspore plant |
| CN110741929A (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2020-02-04 | 贵州省油菜研究所(贵州省油菜工程技术研究中心国家油菜改良中心贵州分中心) | Main inflorescence multi-pod cabbage type rape and breeding method thereof |
| CN111887148A (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2020-11-06 | 贵州省油菜研究所 | Breeding method of double-main-stem semi-short-stalk cabbage type rape |
| CN114258853A (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2022-04-01 | 陕西省杂交油菜研究中心 | Breeding method of lodging-resistant cabbage type rape |
| CN114831021A (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2022-08-02 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Ornamental rape variety cultivation method suitable for miniature bonsai |
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| CN115669536A (en) * | 2022-11-11 | 2023-02-03 | 成都市农林科学院 | Breeding method of cabbage vegetables with combined action of double haploids and chemical induction |
| CN116287367A (en) * | 2022-09-26 | 2023-06-23 | 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所 | SSR molecular marker closely linked with brassica napus plant height traits and application thereof |
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| CN105766621A (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2016-07-20 | 贵州省油菜研究所 | Breeding method of rape with high-density siliques on main inflorescence and application |
| CN105766621B (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2019-03-29 | 贵州省油菜研究所 | The selection of main inflorescence high density silique rape and application |
| CN105900833A (en) * | 2016-03-15 | 2016-08-31 | 林淑录 | Combined mutation breeding method for rape |
| CN106134982A (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2016-11-23 | 河南省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | The breeding method of cabbage type rape new lines |
| CN106613927A (en) * | 2016-12-31 | 2017-05-10 | 湖南大学 | Application of cabbage type rape dwarf material to rapeseed breeding |
| CN109937876A (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2019-06-28 | 南京农业大学 | A method of improving Chinese cabbage microspore embryo's inductivity |
| CN110547193A (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2019-12-10 | 南京农业大学 | Method for cultivating non-heading Chinese cabbage microspore plant |
| CN110741929A (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2020-02-04 | 贵州省油菜研究所(贵州省油菜工程技术研究中心国家油菜改良中心贵州分中心) | Main inflorescence multi-pod cabbage type rape and breeding method thereof |
| CN111887148A (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2020-11-06 | 贵州省油菜研究所 | Breeding method of double-main-stem semi-short-stalk cabbage type rape |
| CN114258853A (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2022-04-01 | 陕西省杂交油菜研究中心 | Breeding method of lodging-resistant cabbage type rape |
| CN114258853B (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2022-11-18 | 陕西省杂交油菜研究中心 | Breeding method of lodging-resistant cabbage type rape |
| CN114831021A (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2022-08-02 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Ornamental rape variety cultivation method suitable for miniature bonsai |
| CN114831021B (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2022-12-20 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Ornamental rape variety cultivation method suitable for miniature bonsai |
| CN115281074A (en) * | 2022-07-01 | 2022-11-04 | 贵州省油菜研究所 | Breeding method of cabbage type rape |
| CN116287367A (en) * | 2022-09-26 | 2023-06-23 | 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所 | SSR molecular marker closely linked with brassica napus plant height traits and application thereof |
| CN115669536A (en) * | 2022-11-11 | 2023-02-03 | 成都市农林科学院 | Breeding method of cabbage vegetables with combined action of double haploids and chemical induction |
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