CN102805029A - Cultivation method of hybrid rapeseed capable of being planted at high altitude localities - Google Patents
Cultivation method of hybrid rapeseed capable of being planted at high altitude localities Download PDFInfo
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- CN102805029A CN102805029A CN2011101502001A CN201110150200A CN102805029A CN 102805029 A CN102805029 A CN 102805029A CN 2011101502001 A CN2011101502001 A CN 2011101502001A CN 201110150200 A CN201110150200 A CN 201110150200A CN 102805029 A CN102805029 A CN 102805029A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method of hybrid rapeseed capable of being planted at high altitude localities. Docosenoic acid and glucosinolate double-low brassica napus seeds with the growing time being 115 to 135 days are selected as receptors to be hybridized with Menyuan rape which is served as a receptor; F1 generation is freely pollinated under isolation; F2 generation adopts individual plant self-crossing biased toward brassica napus; blossom time is taken as a maturity index; individual plants with the initial bloom stage being within 65 to 75 days are selected to conduct individual plant self-crossing; F3 generation selects early maturing double-low brassica individual plants through a pedigree method; microspore culture is performed to high-quality individual plants; early maturing double-low brassica line obtained through the pedigree method and DH line obtained through microspore culture are subjected to mature period judgment; early maturity double-low line naturally maturing in high altitude brassica campestris L. planting areas is served as a parent strain resource; the double-low early maturity line and Polima cytoplasmic male sterile line are subjected to test cross, so as to completely recover viable parent strain as a restoring line; test cross is performed to a complete sterile combination; and continuous back cross is performed to the parent strain, so that a stable sterile line and a maintainer line are bred.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crops genetic breeding; Specifically be exactly that a kind of precocious gene the special precocious turnip type rape in Qinghai-Tibet Platean imports in the early maturing cabbage type rape, cultivate the method for the special early maturing cabbage type rape that is fit to the plantation of Qinghai-Tibet high altitude localities.
Background technology
Rape is the particularly most important economic crops in Qinghai Province of Qinghai-Tibet Platean, and cultivated area in 2000 surpasses 3,000,000 mu, has surpassed wheat since the history first, becomes first crop.The variety type of plantation mainly comprises Wild cabbage type and Chinese cabbage type; Cabbage type rape mainly is distributed in height above sea level long area of frost-free season below 2800 meters; Since domestic and international original cabbage type rape variety can not be in the high altitude localities, Qinghai Province especially at height above sea level rape producing region normal mature more than 2800 meters; So can only plant short turnip type rape breeding time in these zones, cultivated area is about 1,500,000 mu throughout the year.Though the cabbage type rape breeding has obtained bigger achievement since the eighties in 20th century; Kind has been carried out 2-3 time and has been changed; But turnip type rape is bigger because of its breeding difficulty; Thereby kind upgrades slowly, produces at present and goes up the kind of using that still last century, the seventies cultivated, exist yield poorly, erucic acid, glucosinolate content is high, oil content is low shortcoming.Cabbage type rape is higher than turnip type rape output, and the breeding difficulty is less relatively, therefore, if cultivate the special early maturing cabbage type rape variety that can substitute turnip type rape, will certainly increase substantially the output in existing turnip type rape producing region, and improve its quality.
The cross rape of cultivating high yield and high quality is one of important content of domestic and international rape genetic breeding research.Cultivating can be at the low erucic acid of Qinghai-Tibet turnip type rape producing region normal mature, the early maturing cabbage type cross-bred rape of low sulfatide content, must cultivate can be at erucic acid, the glucosinolate content of these regional normal matures low early maturing cabbage type rape parent earlier.
The precocious breeding research of China's cabbage type rape starts from the later stage fifties in last century, and the kind of plantation is introduced with Japan from European at that time, though these kind output are high, the ripe phase is all late partially, can not satisfy the requirement of multiple cropping area, the Yangtze river basin to the ripe phase.Therefore, in order to shorten the breeding time of cabbage type rape, national many R&D institutions have all carried out the early maturing and high yield breeding of cabbage type rape in succession, and the breeding approach of employing mainly contains four kinds: 1. introduce a fine variety evaluation; 2. system separates; 3. intervarietal cross; 4. sweet white race intermolecular hybrid.In above-mentioned 4 kinds of approach, sweet white race intermolecular hybrid is being the most effective aspect shortening breeding time, because turnip type rape is more precocious and hybridize between the two and be easy to success than cabbage type rape.Therefore,, the precocious proterties of turnip type rape transferred in the cabbage type rape go, can cultivate early maturing cabbage type rape variety through sweet white race intermolecular hybrid.The Chinese cabbage type parent that sweet in the past white race intermolecular hybrid uses is generally Chinese cabbage type winter rape, and breeding time is long partially, the early maturing cabbage type rape parent who cultivates can not be in Qinghai-Tibet high altitude localities normal mature.Interspecific cross Offspring F1, F2 carry out open pollination and obtain seed for poor because of fecundity in the breeding process under not isolation condition in addition, are unfavorable for giving full expression to of the precocious gene of parent.
The Qinghai-Tibet Platean is one of turnip type rape centre of origin, has abundant precocious turnip type rape resource, and wherein " Men Yuanxiao rape " is one of the most precocious in the world rapeseed germplasm, and this kind had only about 90 days in the time of infertility of Xining, Qinghai.But up to the present, do not see that also other unit utilizes " Men Yuanxiao rape " to cultivate the report of special early maturing cabbage type rapeseed germplasm both at home and abroad.Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences is since the nineties early maturing cabbage type rapeseed breeding research in last century; Utilize " Men Yuanxiao rape " and early maturing cabbage type rape to carry out interspecific cross, cultivated a collection of can be in high height above sea level turnip type rape producing region special precocity and erucic acid, the cabbage type rape parent resource that glucosinolate content is low of normal mature.The breeding method of cabbage type rape in district rises sheer from level ground.
Summary of the invention the object of the invention be exactly cultivate can be in the Qinghai-Tibet Platean high height above sea level district particularly special precocity and erucic acid, the cabbage type rape variety that glucosinolate content is low, just a kind of breeding method of cabbage type rape of suitable high altitude localities of height above sea level regional normal mature more than 2800 meters.
Defectives such as the breeding time that the present invention has overcome turnip type rape parent in the sweet white race intermolecular hybrid is long partially, the precocious genotype efficiency of selection of interspecific cross offspring is low; Adopted one of the most precocious in the world turnip type rape resource " Men Yuanxiao rape " turnip type rape parent as sweet white hybridization; Hybrid F1 adopts open pollination under the isolation condition; Enlarge hybrid generation's segregation population, improved the probability that early maturing cabbage type rape occurs.
Two low described in the following content of the present invention are meant that erucic acid and glucosinolate content are low.
The disclosed a kind of breeding method of the present invention at the cabbage type rape that is fit to the high altitude localities, its particular content is:
(1) the precocious two low cabbage type rape varieties of screening.
Selection erucic acid, the cabbage type rape variety plantation that glucosinolate content is low; Compare for No. 14 with cabbage type rape variety and blue or green oil; Investigate the breeding time of these kinds, therefrom screening than No. 14 precocities of blue or green oil more than 15 days just breeding time at 115 days-135 days the low cabbage type rape variety of erucic acid, glucosinolate content.
(2) parent's resource of the precocious two low cabbage type rapes of cultivation.
Precocious two low cabbage type rape varieties with filtering out are made acceptor; Carry out interspecific cross with Qinghai-Tibet Platean peculiar precocious turnip type rape " Men Yuanxiao rape " as donor; F1 is for carrying out open pollination under the condition of isolating in strictness, and F2 is for selecting the individual plant bagging selfing of being partial to cabbage type rape, because initial bloom stage and ripe phase are remarkable positive correlation; Thereby with the index of flowering stage as the selection of ripe property; With the blue or green oil 241 conduct contrasts of the Chinese cabbage type main breed in height above sea level 2800-3000 meter district, comparison is bloomed 5 days with the individual plant bagging selfing of interior initial bloom stage just in 65 days 75 days according to prematurity with late when selecting, and all the other are eliminated.F3 selects precocious two low Wild cabbage type individual plants for beginning with pedigree method; Simultaneously the more excellent precocious individual plant of quality is carried out microspores culture; The DH that precocious two low Wild cabbage type strain systems that pedigree method obtains and microspores culture obtain ties up to high height above sea level Chinese cabbage type producing region and carries out ripe phase evaluation; Detect quality simultaneously, selection can be in high height above sea level turnip type rape producing region the special precocious two low strains system of normal mature, be special precocious two low cabbage type rape parent resources.Two low spy precocious strain systems and pol cytoplasmic male sterility (pol cms) system carry out test cross; The parent that the fertility of investigation test cross combination, test cross combination are recovered to educate fully is for recovering system, and test cross keeps thoroughly sterile combination; Carry out continuous backcross with its parent, breed stable male sterile line and maintenance line at last.
3. useful effect
Defectives such as the breeding time that the present invention has overcome turnip type rape parent in the sweet white race intermolecular hybrid is long partially, the precocious genotype efficiency of selection of interspecific cross offspring is low; Adopted one of the most precocious in the world turnip type rape resource " Men Yuanxiao rape " turnip type rape parent as sweet white hybridization; Hybrid F1 adopts open pollination under the isolation condition; Enlarge hybrid generation's segregation population, improved the probability that early maturing cabbage type rape occurs.
Logical overripe stage is identified and from a large amount of cabbage type rapes, is effectively filtered out the kind of some breeding times of blue or green No. 14 precocities of oil more than 15 days.With open pollination under precocious high-quality cabbage type rape and the Qinghai-Tibet Platean special precocious turnip type rape first familiar generation strict isolation condition, parent's the excellent genes of fully having preserved heredity; The special precocious two low cabbage type rapes that in filial generation, select are precocious 5-10 days of early maturing cabbage type rape than the parent, can be the most precocious high-quality cabbage type rape resources in the whole nation at 2900 meters regional normal matures of height above sea level.
Embodiment
1. the screening of precocious two low cabbage type rape varieties
Plant in Xining from 35 two low cabbage type rape varieties collecting both at home and abroad; Compare for No. 14 with the blue or green oil of cabbage type rape variety; Investigate the breeding time of these kinds; Therefrom filtered out 6 than No. 14 precocities of blue or green oil more than 15 days just breeding time the two low kind between 105 days-125 days, two No. 3, China pairs No. 2,90I400,254, YG numerous 1 and D4 during these 6 kinds are respectively.
2. cultivate special precocious two low cabbage type rape parent resources
With two No. 3,90I400 in the two low Wild cabbage type kinds (being) of above-mentioned precocity, 254 and YG numerous 1 do maternally to hybridize with special precocious turnip type rape kind " Men Yuanxiao rape "; F1 generation open pollination under strictness isolation condition, F2 is for the precocious individual plant bagging selfing of the inclined to one side Wild cabbage type of reselection procedure appearance.Because initial bloom stage is significantly relevant with the ripe phase; Thereby with the index of flowering stage as the selection of ripe property; When selecting, contrast with blue or green oil 241 conducts of the Chinese cabbage type main breed in height above sea level 2800-3000 meter district; Comparison according to bloomed 5 days in prematurity and evening also be initial bloom stage 65-75 days with interior individual plant bagging selfing, all the other are eliminated.F3 selects precocious two low Wild cabbage type individual plants for beginning with pedigree method; Simultaneously the more excellent precocious individual plant of quality is carried out microspores culture; The DH that precocious two low Wild cabbage type strain systems that pedigree method obtains and microspores culture obtain ties up to high height above sea level Chinese cabbage type producing region and carries out ripe phase evaluation; Detect quality simultaneously, selection can be in the turnip type rape producing region the special precocious two low strains system of normal mature, be special precocious two low cabbage type rape parent resources.Seed selection 8 two low special precocious strains systems of having come out from offspring's strain system of these sweet white race species hybrids combinations according to the method described above, the strain that wherein derives from two No. 3 * Men Yuanxiao rapes in the combination is 2, is respectively 039 and 040; The strain that derives from combination 90I400 * Men Yuanxiao rape is 2, is respectively 482 and 486; The strain that derives from combination 254 * Men Yuanxiao rape is 1, is 144; The strain that derives from the numerous 1 * Men Yuanxiao rape of combination YG is 3, is respectively 1238,1253 and 1256.The turnip type rape producing region that these 8 strains tie up to 2900 meters of Qinghai height above sea level all can normal mature, lacks 2-6 days than its corresponding Wild cabbage type parent in the breeding time of Xining, Qinghai, and strain is that breeding time of 486 is the shortest, only has 102 days.
Carry out test cross with above-mentioned 8 two low special precocious strain systems and pol cytoplasmic male sterility (pol cms) system, investigate the fertility of 8 test crosses combinations, find that strain is that 482 test cross makes up recovery fully and can educate; Explain 482 for recovering system; All the other 7 combinations keep thoroughly sterile, backcross with its parent to keeping thoroughly sterile combination, behind the third generation of backcrossing; Find that strain is that trace-pollen appears in 040,1238,1253 backcross progeny; 039,144 and 1256 backcross progeny then continues to keep thoroughly sterile, thereby these 3 combinations are continued to backcross, and breeds stable male sterile line 039A, 144A and 1256A at last.144A and recovery are that 482R has disposed hybrid combination E144.E144 participates in the precocious rape intermediateness of organizing in Qinghai Province and tests, and breeding time is close with contrast blue or green oily 241, and per unit area yield increases production more than 30%; And best in quality, content of erucic acid 0.39%, glucosinolate content 28.56umol/g; Oil content 46.30% is higher 5 percentage points than the oil content 41.25% of blue or green oil 241.
Claims (1)
1. a breeding method that is adapted at the cabbage type rape of high altitude localities is characterized in that: the precocious two low cabbage type rape varieties of (1) screening.
Selection erucic acid, the cabbage type rape variety plantation that glucosinolate content is low; Compare for No. 14 with cabbage type rape variety and blue or green oil; Investigate the breeding time of these kinds, therefrom screening than No. 14 precocities of blue or green oil more than 15 days just breeding time at 115 days-135 days the low cabbage type rape variety of erucic acid, glucosinolate content.(2) parent's resource of the precocious two low cabbage type rapes of cultivation.
Precocious two low cabbage type rape varieties with filtering out are made acceptor; Carry out interspecific cross with Qinghai-Tibet Platean peculiar precocious turnip type rape " Men Yuanxiao rape " as donor; F1 is for carrying out open pollination under the condition of isolating in strictness, and F2 is for selecting the individual plant bagging selfing of being partial to cabbage type rape, because initial bloom stage and ripe phase are remarkable positive correlation; Thereby with the index of flowering stage as the selection of ripe property; With the blue or green oil 241 conduct contrasts of the Chinese cabbage type main breed in height above sea level 2800-3000 meter district, comparison is bloomed 5 days with the individual plant bagging selfing of interior initial bloom stage just in 65 days-75 days according to prematurity with late when selecting, and all the other are eliminated.F3 selects precocious two low Wild cabbage type individual plants for beginning with pedigree method; Simultaneously the more excellent precocious individual plant of quality is carried out microspores culture; The DH that precocious two low Wild cabbage type strain systems that pedigree method obtains and microspores culture obtain ties up to high height above sea level Chinese cabbage type producing region and carries out ripe phase evaluation; Detect quality simultaneously, selection can be in high height above sea level turnip type rape producing region the special precocious two low strains system of normal mature, be special precocious two low cabbage type rape parent resources.Two low spy precocious strain systems and pol cytoplasmic male sterility (pol cms) system carry out test cross; The parent that the fertility of investigation test cross combination, test cross combination are recovered to educate fully is for recovering system, and test cross keeps thoroughly sterile combination; Carry out continuous backcross with its parent, breed stable male sterile line and maintenance line at last.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN104137769A (en) * | 2014-07-26 | 2014-11-12 | 西北农林科技大学 | Method for selectively breeding new high-quality disease-resistant variety of cabbage through DH lines |
| CN107548926A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2018-01-09 | 新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所(新疆维吾尔自治区新型肥料研究中心) | A kind of no-tillage multiple cropping cultural method suitable for high altitudes and cold area forage rape |
| CN109566399A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-04-05 | 华中农业大学 | A kind of method of S haplotype molecular marking supplementary breeding rape of self incompatible lin |
| CN110592087A (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2019-12-20 | 沈阳农业大学 | Application of SGR gene silencing in brassica plants |
| CN110810236A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-02-21 | 青海大学 | Rapid breeding method of spring rape parent resources for feeding |
| CN111296282A (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2020-06-19 | 汉中市农业科学研究所（陕西省水稻研究所） | Method for breeding early-maturing cabbage type rape variety through remote shuttle breeding and application of method |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104137769A (en) * | 2014-07-26 | 2014-11-12 | 西北农林科技大学 | Method for selectively breeding new high-quality disease-resistant variety of cabbage through DH lines |
| CN107548926A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2018-01-09 | 新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所(新疆维吾尔自治区新型肥料研究中心) | A kind of no-tillage multiple cropping cultural method suitable for high altitudes and cold area forage rape |
| CN107548926B (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2019-10-25 | 新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所(新疆维吾尔自治区新型肥料研究中心) | A kind of no-tillage multiple cropping cultural method suitable for high altitudes and cold area forage rape |
| CN109566399A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-04-05 | 华中农业大学 | A kind of method of S haplotype molecular marking supplementary breeding rape of self incompatible lin |
| CN110592087A (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2019-12-20 | 沈阳农业大学 | Application of SGR gene silencing in brassica plants |
| CN110810236A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-02-21 | 青海大学 | Rapid breeding method of spring rape parent resources for feeding |
| CN111296282A (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2020-06-19 | 汉中市农业科学研究所（陕西省水稻研究所） | Method for breeding early-maturing cabbage type rape variety through remote shuttle breeding and application of method |
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Application publication date: 20121205 |