CN105115788A - Water body pollutant time-weighted mean concentration sampling device based on osmotic pump and solid-phase extraction - Google Patents
Water body pollutant time-weighted mean concentration sampling device based on osmotic pump and solid-phase extraction Download PDFInfo
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- CN105115788A CN105115788A CN201510518146.XA CN201510518146A CN105115788A CN 105115788 A CN105115788 A CN 105115788A CN 201510518146 A CN201510518146 A CN 201510518146A CN 105115788 A CN105115788 A CN 105115788A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a water body pollutant time-weighted mean concentration sampling device based on an osmotic pump and solid-phase extraction. The sampling device comprises a solid-phase extraction unit filled with adsorption agents, a sampling size determining unit and the sampling osmotic pump. The sampling size determining unit is used for determining the size of a water sample flowing through the solid-phase extraction unit. The osmotic pump is adopted as sampling power, electricity does not need to be supplied, and the osmotic pump is small in size and light, and can be arranged in a water body conveniently. Anion exchange resin and cation exchange resin are added into distilled water in the sampling osmotic pump for adsorbing ions penetrating through a permeable membrane to enter the distilled water, it is ensured that osmotic values of the two sides of the permeable membrane are unchanged, the sampling speed of the sampling osmotic pump is kept stable, and obtained CTWA is more representative. Multiple reagents are added into the sampling device by means of a reagent adding module based on the osmotic pump, and can kill microorganisms, influence is eliminated, accuracy is improved, the pH value can be adjusted by means of the reagents, and pollutants of different shapes can be collected efficiently.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to water sampling device, more particularly, relate to a kind of water pollutant time weighted average concentration sampling thief based on osmotic pumps and Solid-Phase Extraction.
Background technology
Time weighted average concentration (time-weightedaverageconcentration, the C of water pollutant
tWA) refer to water pollutant concentration changes with time, the concentration obtained by carrying out time weight average to the pollutant levels in certain period, its size can objectively respond the concentration level of pollutant in water body in this period, characterizes the pollution situation of water body exactly.
Conventional acquisition C
tWAmethod be utilize Passive sampler to sample.Passive sampler cloth is placed in water body and reclaims after a period of time, measure the total amount of pollutant (m that sampling thief is accumulated
sampling thief), by the sampling rate (R laying the time (t) and record in laboratory in advance
s) obtain the cumulative volume (V gathering water sample
water sample), calculate C by following formula
tWA:
Conventional Passive sampler comprises semipermeable membrane devices (SPMD), diffusion film (DGT), chemical collecting device
with polar organic matter integrated sampling device (POCIS) etc., it is generally received mutually by solid adsorbent, grease or organic solvent etc. and filtering membrane forms, and pollutant enters reception by diffusion completely and adsorbed by receiving or absorb mutually mutually.Passive sampler can carry out continuous monitoring, without the need to external impetus, lays conveniently, is used widely at present in monitoring water environment.But, its sampling rate R
sby the impact of actual environment condition as water velocity and temperature, biologically in addition on filtering membrane, grow the blocking caused also can cause R
schange, finally cause gathering the cumulative volume V of water sample
water sampleerror very large.At present, utilize Passive sampler can only realize qualitative or sxemiquantitative monitoring, greatly limit water pollutant C
tWAobtaining Accurate.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide one can obtain water pollutant pin-point accuracy C
tWAthe water pollutant time weighted average concentration sampling thief based on osmotic pumps and Solid-Phase Extraction.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Based on a water pollutant time weighted average concentration sampling thief for osmotic pumps and Solid-Phase Extraction, comprise inner Solid-Phase Extraction unit, sampling volume determining unit and sampling osmotic pumps of filling adsorbent; Sampling volume determining unit is for determining the volume of water sample flowing through Solid-Phase Extraction unit, Solid-Phase Extraction unit, sampling volume determining unit, sampling osmotic pumps connect successively, or Solid-Phase Extraction unit, sampling osmotic pumps, sampling volume determining unit connect successively, or Solid-Phase Extraction unit, a sampling volume determining unit, sampling osmotic pumps, another sampling volume determining unit connect successively.
As preferably, sampling volume determining unit is be connected to the distilled water coil pipe of sampling osmotic pumps front end and/or be connected to the reagent bag of sampling osmotic pumps rear end, loads distilled water in advance in distilled water coil pipe.
As preferably, sampling osmotic pumps comprises can, permeable membrane, the inner space of can is separated into distillation hydroecium and solution chamber by permeable membrane, and the indoor filling distilled water of distilled water and anion exchange resins, Zeo-karb, load saturated salt solution and salt solid in solution chamber.
As preferably, the front end of Solid-Phase Extraction unit connects filtrator, aqueous sample stream through filter laggard enter Solid-Phase Extraction unit.
As preferably, the adsorbent in Solid-Phase Extraction unit is C
18bonded silica gel, HLB adsorbent or ion exchange resin.
As preferably, also comprise at least one reagent and add module; Reagent adds module and comprises agent penetration pump and reagent coil pipe; Agent penetration pump comprises can, permeable membrane, the inner space of can is separated into distillation hydroecium and solution chamber by permeable membrane, the indoor filling distilled water of distilled water and anion exchange resins, Zeo-karb, load saturated salt solution and salt solid in solution chamber; The functional reagent possessing known specific function is loaded in reagent coil pipe; One end of reagent coil pipe is connected to the solution chamber of agent penetration pump, and the other end is connected with the entrance of sampling thief, and functional reagent enters sampling thief and mixes with water sample.
As preferably, functional reagent comprises biocide or acid-base solution.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
The information obtained by volume determining unit, the volume of the salt solusion namely collected in reagent bag or be stored in the volume of water sample in distilled water coil pipe, can obtain exactly entering sampling thief and flow through the volume of the water sample of Solid-Phase Extraction unit, namely gathering the cumulative volume (V of water sample
water sample), the C therefore recorded
tWAvery accurate.
Adopt osmotic pumps for sampling power, without the need to power supply, and volume is little, lightweight, therefore can lay easily in water body.
Anion and cation exchange resin is added in the distilled water of sampling osmotic pumps, adsorb and enter ion in distilled water through permeable membrane and from the ion in water sample, ensure that the osmotic pressure value of permeable membrane both sides is invariable, thus make the sample rate of sampling osmotic pumps keep stable, the C obtained
tWAmore representative.
In sampling thief, adding plurality of reagents by adding module based on the reagent of osmotic pumps, both can kill microorganism, and eliminating its impact, improve accuracy, again by reagent adjusted to ph, realize the highly effective gathering to different shape pollutant.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention (sampling volume determining unit only arranges distilled water coil pipe, and does not arrange reagent interpolation module);
Fig. 2 is structural representation of the present invention (sampling volume determining unit only arranges reagent bag, and does not arrange reagent interpolation module);
Fig. 3 is structural representation of the present invention (sampling volume determining unit arranges distilled water coil pipe and reagent bag, and does not arrange reagent interpolation module);
Fig. 4 is structural representation of the present invention (on the basis of the embodiment shown in Fig. 3, increases and arrange filtrator and a reagent interpolation module);
Fig. 5 is structural representation of the present invention (on the basis of the embodiment shown in Fig. 3, increases and arrange filtrator and two reagent interpolation modules);
In figure: 10 is Solid-Phase Extraction unit, 11 is distilled water coil pipes, and 12 is sampling osmotic pumps, 13 is reagent bags, and 14 is filtrators, and 15 is agent penetration pumps, 16 is reagent coil pipes, 17 is cans, and 18 is permeable membranes, and 19 is distillation hydroeciums, 20 is solution chamber, 21 is salt solids, and 22 is negative ion and Zeo-karb, and 23 is bubbles.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail.
The invention provides a kind of water pollutant time weighted average concentration sampling thief based on osmotic pumps and Solid-Phase Extraction, comprise Solid-Phase Extraction unit 10, sampling volume determining unit, sampling osmotic pumps 12.Solid-Phase Extraction unit 10 is positioned at the front end of sampling thief, and its shape can be pillar (cartridge) also can be disk (disk).Solid-Phase Extraction unit 10 is built with solid adsorbent, and for adsorbing the pollutant in the water sample that flows through, these adsorbents comprise C
18bonded silica gel, HLB or ion exchange resin etc.Sampling volume determining unit is the parts for determining sampling volume, comprise distilled water coil pipe 11, reagent bag 13 or both combine setting; According to its design feature, in sampling thief of the present invention, Solid-Phase Extraction unit 10, distilled water coil pipe 11, sampling osmotic pumps 12 connect successively, as shown in Figure 1; Or Solid-Phase Extraction unit 10, sampling osmotic pumps 12, reagent bag 13 connect successively, as shown in Figure 2; Or Solid-Phase Extraction unit 10, distilled water coil pipe 11, sampling osmotic pumps 12, reagent bag 13 connect successively, as shown in Figure 3.
The two ends of distilled water coil pipe 11 connect the rear end of Solid-Phase Extraction unit 10 and the front end of sampling osmotic pumps 12 respectively, distilled water is loaded in advance in distilled water coil pipe 11, one section of bubble is set at distilled water coil pipe 11 and the tie point place of Solid-Phase Extraction unit 10 simultaneously, bubble during practical application in distilled water coil pipe 11 can move toward the direction of sampling osmotic pumps 12, and final position stored volume of water sample to one section of coil pipe of reference position of bubble is sampling volume (V
water sample).Distilled water coil pipe 11 also plays a part as osmotic pumps provides distilled water.
Reagent bag 13 is connected to sampling osmotic pumps 12 rear end, the outlet of osmotic pumps 12 of namely sampling, and receives the salt solusion flowed out from sampling osmotic pumps 12, after the impact of the volume less salt of the salt solusion reagent bag 13, can obtain sampling volume (V
water sample).
When distilled water coil pipe 11 and reagent bag 13 are arranged simultaneously, as shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, sampling volume (V
water sample) can be determined by any one of two kinds of sampling volume determining units.In distilled water coil pipe 11, also bubble 23 can not be set, now, sampling volume (V
water sample) determined by reagent bag 13,11, distilled water coil pipe plays a part as osmotic pumps provides distilled water.
Sampling osmotic pumps 12 is the sampling power of sampling thief, comprises can 17, permeable membrane 18, and the inner space of can 17 is separated into distillation hydroecium 19 and solution chamber 20 by permeable membrane 18; Load saturated salt solution (NaCl solution) and salt solid 21 (NaCl solid) in solution chamber 20, ensure that duration of work NaCl solution keeps state of saturation always; Distilled water and anion exchange resins, Zeo-karb 22 is loaded in distillation hydroecium 19, ion in distilled water is entered through permeable membrane 18 and from the ion in water sample with absorption, ensure that the difference of sampling period permeable membrane 18 both sides solution ion strength is invariable, thus the flow velocity of steady seepage pump.
When the particle in water body is more, can add filtrator 14 above at the Solid-Phase Extraction unit 10 of sampling thief, water sample enters from filtrator 14, and particle can be avoided to enter sampling thief.
The present invention also comprises at least one reagent and adds module, as shown in Figure 4, Figure 5.Reagent adds module and comprises agent penetration pump 15, reagent coil pipe 16, and reagent coil pipe 16 is for memory function reagent, and the functional reagent that agent penetration pump 15 promotes in coil pipe enters sampling thief.The structure of agent penetration pump 15 is identical with sampling osmotic pumps 12, and its flow velocity is much smaller than sampling osmotic pumps 12.Agent penetration pump 15 comprises can 17, permeable membrane 18, and the inner space of can 17 is separated into distillation hydroecium 19 and solution chamber 20 by permeable membrane 18; Load saturated salt solution (NaCl solution) and salt solid 21 (NaCl solid) in solution chamber 20, ensure that duration of work NaCl solution keeps state of saturation always; Distilled water and anion exchange resins, Zeo-karb 22 is loaded in distillation hydroecium 19; The reagent possessing known specific function is loaded in reagent coil pipe 16.When not arranging filtrator 14, one end of reagent coil pipe 16 is connected to the front end of Solid-Phase Extraction unit 10; When arranging filtrator 14, one end of reagent coil pipe 16 is connected to the front end of filtrator 14.The other end of reagent coil pipe 16 is connected to the solution chamber 20 of agent penetration pump 15.Agent penetration pump 15 functional reagent promoted in reagent coil pipe 16 enters sampling thief and mixes with water sample.
Can add multiple functional reagent as required, the functional reagent in reagent coil pipe 16 comprises the biocide such as mercuric chloride or formaldehyde for killing livestock, and for the acid-base solution of adjust ph.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment comprises a reagent and adds module, as shown in Figure 4, the filter membrane that aperture is 0.45 micron is housed in filtrator 14, for removing the particle in water.Adsorbent in Solid-Phase Extraction unit 10 is C
18bonded silica gel.Distilled water coil pipe 11 is flexible PVC pipe.The can 17 of sampling osmotic pumps 12 adopts organic glass to process; Be usually used in the reverse osmosis membrane of water treatment if Tao Shi (DOW) reverse osmosis membrane is as permeable membrane 18, the size of permeable membrane 18 is determined by factors such as the sampling flow velocity needed and sampling times; Anion exchange resins, Zeo-karb can adopt polishing resin as Tao Shi DOWEX
tM.Reagent bag 13 adopts capacity to be the PE bag of 1 liter.The structure of agent penetration pump 15 and material used with sampling osmotic pumps 12, but volume and flow velocity less.Reagent coil pipe 16 is FEP or PTFE plastic tube, and in-built biocide is as saturated mercuric chloride solution.
The sampling thief of the present embodiment is for gathering nonpolar pollutant in water as palycyclic aromatic, polychlorinated biphenyl, PBDE etc.
Operational process of the present invention is as follows:
Sampling thief is laid in tested water body.Under the effect of osmotic pressure, the distilled water in sampling osmotic pumps 12 with certain speed by permeable membrane 18, can enter in the saturated NaCl solution of opposite side, thus provides power, sucked in sampling thief by water sample.Under the effect of sampling osmotic pumps 12, water sample is by filtrator 14 filtering particle, and enter in Solid-Phase Extraction unit 10, the target contaminant in water is if palycyclic aromatic, polychlorinated biphenyl, PBDE etc. are by the adsorbent C in Solid-Phase Extraction unit 10
18bonded silica gel adsorbed, and efflux enters in distilled water coil pipe 11, in distilled water coil pipe 11 storage distilled water then enter sampling osmotic pumps 12 entrance, from sampling osmotic pumps 12 outlet flow out saturated NaCl solution collected by reagent bag 13.
While sampling, biocide such as the saturated mercuric chloride solution that agent penetration pump 15 promotes in reagent coil pipe 16 enters sampling thief, and mixes with water sample.Biocide can kill the various microorganisms existed in water sample, prevents from microorganism from growing on filter membrane resulting in blockage and eliminate microorganism may impacting the object be adsorbed on Solid-Phase Extraction unit 10.
Lay after end and the present invention is reclaimed, the target contaminant on the adsorbent in wash-out Solid-Phase Extraction unit 10, and with the total amount of pollutant (m that corresponding Instrument measuring adsorbs
sampling thief), simultaneously according to the volume of the water sample stored in the amount of the saturated NaCl solution collected in reagent bag 13 or distilled water coil pipe 11, determine cumulative volume and the sampling volume (V of the water sample entered in sampling thief
water sample), by formula
calculate the C that sampling thief lays target contaminant in period water body
tWA.
Embodiment 2
In the present embodiment, the adsorbent in Solid-Phase Extraction unit 10 be ion exchange absorbent as Chelex-100, in-built biocide formalin in reagent coil pipe 16, for gathering the heavy metal ion etc. in water.
Other parts are identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment comprises two reagent and adds module, and as shown in Figure 5, the functional reagent in two reagent coil pipes 16 is respectively hydrochloric acid solution, saturated mercuric chloride solution.Adsorbent in Solid-Phase Extraction unit 10 is HLB adsorbent.The sampling thief of the present embodiment is for gathering polar contaminants as phenols, carboxylic acid compound.Hydrochloric acid solution add the pH value that can reduce sample, make pollutant molecularly state, easily by adsorbent is adsorbed.
Other parts are identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4
In the present embodiment, the functional reagent in two reagent coil pipes 16 is respectively alkali lye, saturated mercuric chloride solution.The sampling thief of the present embodiment is for gathering polar contaminants as amino benzenes compounds.Alkali lye add the pH value that can improve sample, make pollutant molecularly state, easily by adsorbent is adsorbed.
Other parts are identical with embodiment 3.
Above-described embodiment is only used to the present invention is described, and is not used as limitation of the invention.As long as according to technical spirit of the present invention, change above-described embodiment, modification etc. all will be dropped in the scope of claim of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. based on a water pollutant time weighted average concentration sampling thief for osmotic pumps and Solid-Phase Extraction, it is characterized in that, comprise inner Solid-Phase Extraction unit, sampling volume determining unit and sampling osmotic pumps of filling adsorbent; Sampling volume determining unit is for determining the volume of water sample flowing through Solid-Phase Extraction unit, Solid-Phase Extraction unit, sampling volume determining unit, sampling osmotic pumps connect successively, or Solid-Phase Extraction unit, sampling osmotic pumps, sampling volume determining unit connect successively, or Solid-Phase Extraction unit, a sampling volume determining unit, sampling osmotic pumps, another sampling volume determining unit connect successively.
2. the water pollutant time weighted average concentration sampling thief based on osmotic pumps and Solid-Phase Extraction according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, sampling volume determining unit is be connected to the distilled water coil pipe of sampling osmotic pumps front end and/or be connected to the reagent bag of sampling osmotic pumps rear end, loads distilled water in advance in distilled water coil pipe.
3. the water pollutant time weighted average concentration sampling thief based on osmotic pumps and Solid-Phase Extraction according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, sampling osmotic pumps comprises can, permeable membrane, the inner space of can is separated into distillation hydroecium and solution chamber by permeable membrane, the indoor filling distilled water of distilled water and anion exchange resins, Zeo-karb, load saturated salt solution and salt solid in solution chamber.
4. the water pollutant time weighted average concentration sampling thief based on osmotic pumps and Solid-Phase Extraction according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the front end of Solid-Phase Extraction unit connects filtrator, aqueous sample stream through filter laggard enter Solid-Phase Extraction unit.
5. the water pollutant time weighted average concentration sampling thief based on osmotic pumps and Solid-Phase Extraction according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the adsorbent in Solid-Phase Extraction unit is C
18bonded silica gel, HLB adsorbent or ion exchange resin.
6. the water pollutant time weighted average concentration sampling thief based on osmotic pumps and Solid-Phase Extraction according to any one of claim 1 to 5, is characterized in that, also comprises at least one reagent and adds module; Reagent adds module and comprises agent penetration pump and reagent coil pipe; Agent penetration pump comprises can, permeable membrane, the inner space of can is separated into distillation hydroecium and solution chamber by permeable membrane, the indoor filling distilled water of distilled water and anion exchange resins, Zeo-karb, load saturated salt solution and salt solid in solution chamber; The functional reagent possessing known specific function is loaded in reagent coil pipe; One end of reagent coil pipe is connected to the solution chamber of agent penetration pump, and the other end is connected with the entrance of sampling thief, and functional reagent enters sampling thief and mixes with water sample.
7. the water pollutant time weighted average concentration sampling thief based on osmotic pumps and Solid-Phase Extraction according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, functional reagent comprises biocide or acid-base solution.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN106323689A (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2017-01-11 | 中国食品发酵工业研究院 | Water quality monitoring-orientated polar organic trace pollutant trap |
| CN106769235A (en) * | 2016-11-23 | 2017-05-31 | 厦门大学 | A kind of environmental contaminants time series concentration passive type sampling apparatus |
| CN113358423A (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2021-09-07 | 合肥学院 | Quasi-continuous environment atmospheric gas sampling device |
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| CN113358423A (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2021-09-07 | 合肥学院 | Quasi-continuous environment atmospheric gas sampling device |
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| CN105115788B (en) | 2018-06-08 |
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