CN105115606A - Two-stage reading circuit based on relaxation ferroelectric monocrystalline pyroelectric detector - Google Patents
Two-stage reading circuit based on relaxation ferroelectric monocrystalline pyroelectric detector Download PDFInfo
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- CN105115606A CN105115606A CN201510260830.2A CN201510260830A CN105115606A CN 105115606 A CN105115606 A CN 105115606A CN 201510260830 A CN201510260830 A CN 201510260830A CN 105115606 A CN105115606 A CN 105115606A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a two-stage reading circuit based on a relaxation ferroelectric monocrystalline pyroelectric detector, and the reading circuit comprises a first-stage CTIA (capacitor feedback mutual conductance) input stage circuit, a switching capacitor low-pass filter, a second CTIA amplification circuit, and a sampling output circuit. The first-stage CTIA input stage circuit enables an output current signal of the relaxation ferroelectric detector to be converted into a voltage signal, and the switching capacitor low-pass filter inhibits external noises. The second CTIA amplification circuit enables the signal to be amplified, and the sampling output circuit carries out signal sampling. All channels are conducted for sequential output. A circuit module is integrated on an integrated circuit chip, and is connected with a detector chip. An external drive circuit is used for providing a control signal, and the bandwidth of the low-pass filter is controlled through the adjustment of external clock frequency. The second CTIA amplification circuit achieves the further amplification of the signal, and improves the signal to noise ratio of the signal, thereby providing a large-scale multi-element small-area sensitive pyroelectric focal plane. The circuit provided by the invention is linear in output, is high in signal to noise ratio, and is an integrated weak signal reading circuit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to detector sensing circuit, particularly relate to a kind of twin-stage sensing circuit of relaxor ferroelectric monocrystal pyroelectric detector.
Background technology
Relaxor ferroelectric monocrystal class material is a kind of novel pyroelectricity material of pyroelectricity combination property with excellence, there are very high pyroelectric coefficient, lower thermal diffusion coefficient, more stable chemical property, easy raising lateral resolution, easy processing is thinning, the thickness of crystal element can be reduced, detectivity and resolution can be improved.But because ferroelectric material infrared device detectable signal Size-dependent is in the area of sensitive unit, along with focal plane detection device resolution improves, bin is more and more less, and pyroelectricity electric current is more and more weak, its detection technique is just become to the key point limiting such device application.
The major function of sensing circuit in pyroelectric detector provides suitable bias voltage to detector, convert the photo-signal that detector produces to voltage signal, and carry out the pre-service (as integration, amplification, filtering, sampling/maintenance etc.) of signal, finally the signal that thousands of are produced by detector is exported according to the order of sequence.
Existing pyroelectric detector sensing circuit generally adopts SFD (source follower type) structure and single-stage CTIA (capacitive feedback transimpedance) structure.The detector bias voltage of SFD (source follower type) structure is determined by reset level, and bias voltage with integral time and integration current change, thus can cause detector offset change, and under middle and high background, has the non-linear serious problem of output signal.Single-stage CTIA (capacitive feedback transimpedance) structure realizes the amplification of small-signal within limited integral time, realize mainly through reducing integrating capacitor, but too small integrating capacitor brings larger KTC noise, makes signal be flooded by noise, be difficult to carry out signal transacting.
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is exactly be the sensitive first pyroelectricity focal plane of extensive polynary small size, provides the integrated feeble signal sensing circuit of the features such as a kind of low noise, output linearity, high-gain.
Summary of the invention
Fundamental purpose of the present invention is the sensing circuit providing a kind of relaxor ferroelectric monocrystal pyroelectric detector for the deficiency of existing pyroelectric detector reading circuit structure, the amplification realizing faint pyroelectricity signal in the sensitive unit of relaxor ferroelectric monocrystal small size exports, and has the feature of high s/n ratio, output linearity simultaneously.
Above-mentioned purpose is realized by following technical scheme:
Comprise first order CTIA (capacitive feedback transimpedance) the input stage module output current signal of relaxor ferroelectric pyroelectric detector being converted into voltage signal; Suppress the switching capacity low pass filter blocks of outside noise; Carry out the sampling output circuit module of signal sampling and multi channel selecting and output.
Above-mentioned module integration is in an integrated circuit (IC) chip.
Described first order CTIA (capacitive feedback transimpedance) input stage circuit module is by operational amplifier OPA1 and integrating capacitor C
int1, switch reset transistor M
rst1and composition, integrating capacitor C
int1, switch reset transistor M
rst1be connected with the negative input end of operational amplifier OPA1 and output terminal respectively, operational amplifier OPA1 negative input end connects detector, and positive input terminal connects reference voltage V
ref, according to the virtual earth principle of amplifier, detector concatenation operation amplifier OPA1 negative input end voltage is close to and equals V
ref, then the bias voltage of detector is by V
refcontrol of Voltage with the detector other end, changes in the course of work hardly.
Described switching capacity low pass filter blocks is by metal-oxide-semiconductor M
1, M
2, electric capacity C
1and C
2composition, metal-oxide-semiconductor M
1, M
2with electric capacity C
1form an equivalent resistance, the value of its equivalent resistance and M
1, M
2control clock frequency and electric capacity C
1size is relevant, with C
2form a RC low-pass filter, operationally regulate the frequency of external clock can change the bandwidth of low-pass filter.
Described second level CTIA (capacitive feedback transimpedance) amplification circuit module is by operational amplifier OPA2, electric capacity C
int2, C
a, switch reset transistor M
rst2composition, electric capacity C
abe connected with the negative input end of operational amplifier OPA2, electric capacity C
int2, switch reset transistor M
rst2be connected with the negative input end of operational amplifier OPA2 and output terminal respectively, switch reset transistor M
rst2be responsible for the reset of integrating capacitor, when reset switch disconnects, by electric capacity C
int2, C
aform a capacitance ratio inverting amplifier with amplifier, amplification is carried out to signal and exports.
Described sampling output circuit module comprises sampling hold circuit and multi-channel transmission channel module, and sample circuit is by sampling capacitance C
shwith cmos switch pipe composition, multipath transmission output circuit module comprises gating cmos switch pipe, shift register, unity gain follower OPA3, and shift register is each passage of gating successively, and signal successively exports, and reaches the object of read output signal.
Described shift register is followed in series to form by d type flip flop, holds input by input signal D, and Q end outputs to next stage, realizes successively the object of actuating switch.
The output current signal of relaxor ferroelectric detector is voltage signal by first order CTIA input stage circuit module converter by the present invention, switching capacity low-pass filter effectively can suppress outside noise, and by secondary CTIA amplifying circuit, signal is carried out amplification output, sampling output circuit carries out signal sampling, by each passage successively conducting output signal.Circuit module of the present invention is integrated in an integrated circuit (IC) chip, interconnect with detector chip, control signal is provided by external drive circuit, and by regulating external clock frequency gauge tap capacitor low pass filter bandwidth, noise suppresses to external world, secondary CTIA amplifying circuit amplifies further to signal, improve output signal-noise ratio, for the sensitive first pyroelectricity focal plane of extensive polynary small size, provide a kind of integrated feeble signal sensing circuit with features such as low noise, output linearity, high-gains.
The present invention has the following advantages compared with existing pyroelectric detector sensing circuit:
1, between first order CTIA input stage circuit and secondary CTIA amplifying circuit, switching capacity low-pass filter is added, external noise is suppressed, improve the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of circuit, the bandwidth simultaneously by regulating external clock frequency to change low-pass filter, is convenient to circuit working in different frequency.
2, second level CTIA amplifying circuit operationally, constitute capacitance ratio inverting amplifier, input signal is amplified further, compared to conventional resistance ratio inverting amplifier, the area that electric capacity takies in layout design is less, is convenient to design in large-scale integrated circuit.
3, detector current is in the feedback capacity upper integral of first order CTIA input stage circuit, and its gain size is determined by integrating capacitor, and it can provide very low detector input impedance.From very low in very high background range, all there is low-down noise.
4, in output-stage circuit, applying unit gain buffer, as the output stage of sensing circuit, compared to source follower, has best output linearity.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to make content of the present invention be more likely to be clearly understood, below basis specific embodiment and by reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is further detailed explanation, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of module of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of first order CTIA (capacitive feedback transimpedance) input stage circuit unit.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of switching capacity low pass filter unit module.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of second level CTIA (capacitive feedback transimpedance) amplification circuit module.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of sampling output circuit module.
The oscillogram of Fig. 6 sensing circuit control signal.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
As shown in Figure 1, primarily of first order CTIA (capacitive feedback transimpedance) input stage circuit module, switching capacity low pass filter blocks, sampling output circuit module composition, above-mentioned module integration is in an integrated circuit (IC) chip for circuit module of the present invention.The output current signal of relaxor ferroelectric detector is converted into voltage signal by first order CTIA (capacitive feedback transimpedance) input stage circuit module, and be sent to switching capacity low pass filter blocks, carry out noise reduction process, second level CTIA amplifying circuit amplifies further to signal, after sampling output circuit module samples keeps, by the successively conducting output of each passage.
The circuit structure of first order CTIA (capacitive feedback transimpedance) input stage circuit module as shown in Figure 2, by operational amplifier OPA1 and integrating capacitor C
int1, switch reset transistor M
rst1composition, integrating capacitor C
int1, switch reset transistor M
rst1be connected with the negative input end of operational amplifier and output terminal respectively, switch reset transistor M
rst1be responsible for the reset of integrating capacitor.
Switching capacity low pass filter blocks in the present invention as shown in Figure 3, by metal-oxide-semiconductor M
1and M
2, electric capacity C
1and C
2composition, metal-oxide-semiconductor M
1, M
2with electric capacity C
1form an equivalent resistance, the value of its equivalent resistance is:
The value of equivalent resistance and and M
1, M
2clocking frequency and electric capacity C
1size is relevant.This circuit and C
2form a RC low-pass filter, the time constant RC of circuit can be written as:
Time constant is relevant with the ratio of clock frequency and electric capacity, regulates the frequency of external clock can change the bandwidth of low-pass filter when circuit working.
Second level CTIA (capacitive feedback transimpedance) amplification circuit module in the present invention as shown in Figure 4, by operational amplifier, electric capacity C
int2, C
a, switch reset transistor M
rst2composition, electric capacity C
int2be connected with the negative input end of operational amplifier, switch reset transistor M
rst2be connected with the negative input end of operational amplifier and output terminal respectively, switch reset transistor M
rst2be responsible for the reset of integrating capacitor, when reset switch disconnects, by electric capacity C
a, C
int2form a capacitance ratio inverting amplifier with amplifier, amplification is carried out to signal and exports.
As shown in Figure 5, wherein sample circuit is by sampling capacitance C for sampling output circuit module in the present invention
shwith cmos switch pipe composition, multipath transmission output circuit module comprises gating cmos switch pipe, shift register, unity gain follower OPA3, and shift register is each passage of gating successively, and signal successively exports, and reaches the object of read output signal.
The waveform of sensing circuit control signal is Fig. 6.V
rstcontrol integrating capacitor switch to reset, at V
rstduring for high level, integrating capacitor is reset to datum V
ref.Work as V
rstduring for low level, circuit is started working.Therefore V
rstthe low level time of pulse is roughly integral time.V
φfor switching capacity filter controls time clock.V
shfor sampling keeps pulse, sample at the end of integration amplifies.ST pulse appears at after integration terminates, and is a high level signal.Clk1 and clk2 is the gating pulse of shift register, and its gate signal width produced is identical with the clock period, within a clock period, namely read the voltage of a passage.Therefore, clock frequency is read frequency.Shift register produces first gating signal at the rising edge of effective first clk1 of ST signal, thus starts the voltage reading first passage.Therefore, ST pulse must and the rising edge of a clk1 can only be comprised.
The course of work of module of the present invention is as follows:
Reset switch pipe M
rst1and M
rst2by V
rstsignal controls first conducting, integrating capacitor C
int1and C
int2be reset to datum, as reset switch pipe M
rst1and M
rst2integration phase is entered, the first order CTIA input stage circuit integrating capacitor C during cut-off
int1start integration.The electric charge exported from detector flows into integrating capacitor C
int1, change into after voltage amplification through operational amplifier and export, output signal and carry out squelch through switching capacity low-pass filter, the anti-phase proportional amplifier entering secondary CTIA formation amplifies, V at the end of integration
shthe sampling switch conducting controlled, output signal is sampled by by the sampling hold circuit of each passage, and after integration terminates, shift register produces gating signal under beginning read pulse ST signal controls, start the signal successively reading each passage, the signal realizing sensing circuit exports.
Beneficial effect
This pyroelectric detector sensing circuit structurally forms two-stage CTIA circuit, the output current signal of relaxor ferroelectric detector is converted into voltage signal by first order CTIA input stage circuit, utilize the virtual earth principle of amplifier, can operationally for detector provides stable bias voltage; Second level CTIA amplifying circuit operationally, constitute capacitance ratio inverting amplifier, input signal is amplified further, compared to conventional resistance ratio inverting amplifier, the area that electric capacity takies in layout design is less, is convenient to design in large-scale integrated circuit; Switching capacity low-pass filter is added between first order CTIA input stage circuit and secondary CTIA amplifying circuit, can suppress external noise, improve the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of circuit, the bandwidth simultaneously by regulating external clock frequency to change low-pass filter, is convenient to circuit working in different frequency; In output-stage circuit, applying unit gain buffer is as the output stage of sensing circuit, compared to source follower, has better output linearity.
Claims (3)
1. a single-chip relaxor ferroelectric pyroelectric detector twin-stage sensing circuit, is characterized in that comprising first order CTIA (capacitive feedback transimpedance) the input stage module output current signal of relaxor ferroelectric pyroelectric detector being converted into voltage signal; Suppress the switching capacity low pass filter blocks of outside noise; Carry out the sampling output circuit module of signal sampling and multi channel selecting and output; Wherein:
Described first order CTIA (capacitive feedback transimpedance) input stage circuit is by operational amplifier OPA1 and integrating capacitor C
int1, switch reset transistor M
rst1and composition, integrating capacitor C
int1, switch reset transistor M
rst1be connected with the negative input end of operational amplifier OPA1 and output terminal respectively, operational amplifier OPA1 negative input end connects detector, and positive input terminal connects reference voltage V
ref, according to the virtual earth principle of amplifier, detector concatenation operation amplifier OPA1 negative input end voltage is close to and equals V
ref, then the bias voltage of detector is by V
refcontrol of Voltage with the detector other end, changes in the course of work hardly.
Described switching capacity low-pass filter is by metal-oxide-semiconductor M
1, M
2, electric capacity C
1and C
2composition, metal-oxide-semiconductor M
1, M
2with electric capacity C
1form an equivalent resistance, with electric capacity C
2form a RC low-pass filter.
Described second level CTIA (capacitive feedback transimpedance) amplifying circuit is by operational amplifier OPA2, electric capacity C
int2, C
a, switch reset transistor M
rst2composition, electric capacity C
abe connected with the negative input end of operational amplifier OPA2, electric capacity C
int2, switch reset transistor M
rst2be connected with the negative input end of operational amplifier OPA2 and output terminal respectively, switch reset transistor M
rst2be responsible for the reset of integrating capacitor, when reset switch disconnects, by electric capacity C
int2, C
aform a capacitance ratio inverting amplifier with amplifier, amplification is carried out to signal and exports.
Described sampling output circuit comprises sampling hold circuit and multi-channel transmission channel, and sample circuit is by sampling capacitance C
shwith cmos switch pipe composition, multi-channel transmission channel comprises gating cmos switch pipe, shift register, unity gain follower OPA3, and shift register is each passage of gating successively, and signal successively exports, and reaches the object of read output signal.
The specific works process of above-mentioned sensing circuit is as follows:
Reset switch pipe M
rst1and M
rst2by V
rstsignal controls first conducting, integrating capacitor C
int1and C
int2be reset to datum, as reset switch pipe M
rst1and M
rst2integration phase is entered, the first order CTIA input stage circuit integrating capacitor C during cut-off
int1start integration.The electric charge exported from detector flows into integrating capacitor C
int1, change into after voltage amplification through operational amplifier and export, output signal and carry out squelch through switching capacity low-pass filter, the anti-phase proportional amplifier entering secondary CTIA formation amplifies, V at the end of integration
shthe sampling switch conducting controlled, output signal is sampled by by the sampling hold circuit of each passage, and after integration terminates, shift register produces gating signal under beginning read pulse ST signal controls, start the signal successively reading each passage, the signal realizing sensing circuit exports.
2. a kind of single-chip relaxor ferroelectric pyroelectric detector twin-stage sensing circuit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described switching capacity low-pass filter is connected between first order CTIA input stage circuit and second level CTIA amplifying circuit, controlled by two anti-phase clock signals, regulate clock signal frequency can change low-pass filter bandwidth.
3. a kind of single-chip relaxor ferroelectric pyroelectric detector twin-stage sensing circuit according to claim 1, is characterized in that: above-mentioned sensing circuit is integrated in an integrated circuit (IC) chip.
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CN109687838A (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2019-04-26 | 深圳贝特莱电子科技股份有限公司 | A kind of high speed response type low-pass filter, filter circuit and control method |
CN111324161A (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2020-06-23 | 华润矽威科技(上海)有限公司 | Integrating circuit and integrating method thereof |
CN111654263A (en) * | 2020-05-12 | 2020-09-11 | 成都华微电子科技有限公司 | Integrated circuit with low-pass filter |
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Cited By (10)
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CN114721029A (en) * | 2022-06-09 | 2022-07-08 | 山东大学 | Gamma photon detector reading electronic system based on inorganic perovskite |
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Effective date of registration: 20230821 Address after: 2201-1, Building B, Science and Education Hall, No. 18-3 Changwu Middle Road, Wujin District, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 213000 Patentee after: Changzhou Ruixinteng Microelectronics Co.,Ltd. Address before: Gehu Lake Road Wujin District 213164 Jiangsu city of Changzhou province No. 1 Patentee before: CHANGZHOU University |