CN105093257A - Lobster-eye space X-ray detector - Google Patents
Lobster-eye space X-ray detector Download PDFInfo
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- CN105093257A CN105093257A CN201510449301.7A CN201510449301A CN105093257A CN 105093257 A CN105093257 A CN 105093257A CN 201510449301 A CN201510449301 A CN 201510449301A CN 105093257 A CN105093257 A CN 105093257A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a lobster-eye space X-ray detector, belongs to a detector for detecting space X-rays, irons out a defect that a conventional X-ray detector based on the lobster-eye principle is poor in structural rigidness, and solves a problem of light leakage in a light conduction process, so as to improve the structural rigidness of the detector and reduce the loss of light in a coupling conduction process. The detector comprises an arc-shaped frame, scintillation crystals, a light guide material, and a light sensor array. The arc-shaped frame is provided with a plurality of conical through holes which are distributed in an array. The interiors of all conical through holes are provided with scintillation crystals in an inserted manner, and the light sensor array is coupled with the scintillation crystals through the light guide material. The size of the light sensor array is greater than the size of each conical through hole, and the light sensor array completely wraps the edges, on lower spherical surfaces, of low mouths of all conical through holes. Compared with the rigidness of an insertion-piece structure, the rigidness of the arc-shaped frame is improved. The light guide material is used as a media connection detector part, thereby completing the light coupling transmission, improving the transmission efficiency of light, and effectively reducing the loss of light during coupling.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the detector of space exploration X ray, be specifically related to a kind of lobster eye space X ray detector, be suitable for the detection imaging of Large visual angle X ray.
Background technology
X ray is a kind of electromagnetic wave with transmission capacity, is also the information carrier studying a lot of physical phenomenon simultaneously.At present, X ray is widely used in the numerous areas such as astrophysics research, medical treatment detection, material analysis, industrial flaw detection, safety check.
The a large amount of X ray existed in space environment can produce interference to the navigation of the spacecrafts such as satellite, and collection analysis X ray, overcomes X ray significant for the stable operation of spacecraft for the interference of navigational system.A kind of novel X-ray pulsar positioning system of current development is exactly carry out detection analysis by the faint X ray that paired pulses star sends, spacecraft is made to break away from dependence to artificial beacon, realize passive location, simultaneously for spacecraft provides pose and velocity information accurately.
Astrophysics research is the important content of cosmic exploration, and the high-energy rays such as Analysis of X ray are the astrophysical important means of research.But, the space sources of cosmic rays is wide, the collection of rays analysis of small field of view cannot meet the requirement to detection analysis while that space inner rays being carried out on a large scale, the spatial field of view of existing X-ray detection equipment is very little (visual field only has the several years), therefore develops the detection imaging equipment with the Large visual angle X-ray detection analysis ability of field angle > 10 ° significant to raising space X ray research level.
Ray detector based on lobster optics of the eye structure is the critical component realizing Large visual angle X-ray detection X, what wherein integral type bent frame adopted is spherical shell structure, total high degree of symmetry, all passages do not have specific optical axis, to the light of all directions, there is identical focusing power, have the advantages that visual field is large, resolution is high, focusing power is strong.What existing lobster optics of the eye system detector adopted is in the cutting of circular silicon wafer surface accurate, at silicon chip surface plated film, be spliced to form three dimensional network structure lobster optics of the eye system detector by orthogonal for silicon chip afterwards, see American Physical Optical Co., Ltd publication number to be in detail CN101287985A and Hubei Jiuzhiyang Infrared System Co., Ltd.'s publication number be two patents of CN102288627A.
But this package assembly also exists the problem of splicing difficulty, insufficient rigidity, has considerable influence to light reflect focalization wherein.The X ray detected can be converted to optical photon by scintillation material, and these photons group is when transmitting, existing device adopts solid fiber light cone that photon is coupled to CCD, therefore there is the possibility of light leak, cause transmission loss, finally reduce the detection efficiency to ray.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of lobster eye space X ray detector, solve the existing X-ray detector based on lobster optics of the eye principle because of the not enough problem of the rigidity of structure that adopts blade inserting detecting structure and cause and the leakage problem of light in conductive process, to improve the rigidity of structure of detector, reduce the loss of light in coupling conductive process.
A kind of lobster eye space X ray detector provided by the present invention, comprises bent frame, scintillation crystal, light-guide material and photosensor array, it is characterized in that:
Described bent frame is the global shell of integral type, comprises sphere and lower peripheral surface, and described upper sphere is identical with the centre of sphere of lower peripheral surface, and upper spherical radius is greater than lower peripheral surface radius;
Described bent frame has the conical through-hole of multiple or rectangular array equally distributed radial direction rounded along described upper sphere, each conical through-hole shape, size are identical, be inverted side's terrace with edge, next door wall thickness between each conical through-hole is equal, the upper aperture of each conical through-hole is positioned on described upper sphere, the lower aperture of each conical through-hole is positioned on described lower peripheral surface, and the extended line of each conical through-hole central axis meets at the public centre of sphere of described upper sphere and lower peripheral surface;
In described each conical through-hole, all cuttage has scintillation crystal, each scintillation crystal shape, size are identical, be inverted side's terrace with edge, after described scintillation crystal inserts conical through-hole completely, the upper bottom surface of scintillation crystal is concordant with the upper aperture of conical through-hole, the bottom surface of scintillation crystal and the lower aperture of conical through-hole keep certain distance, are wherein filled with light-guide material;
Described scintillation crystal should through surface finish process;
Described photosensor array is arranged into array by multiple photoelectric detector and forms, and is coupled between photosensor array with scintillation crystal through light-guide material, photosensor array size be greater than and completely under each conical through-hole of envelope aperture at the edge of lower peripheral surface.
Described lobster eye space X ray detector, is characterized in that:
When described bent frame having multiple conical through-hole along the equally distributed radial direction of the rounded array of described upper sphere, the field angle θ of described bent frame
0it is 10 ° ~ 120 °; Field angle θ
0for being in angle between two maximum conical through-hole outermost sidewalls of circular array middle distance;
When described bent frame having multiple conical through-hole along the equally distributed radial direction of the rectangular array of described upper sphere, the row field angle θ of described bent frame
1it is 10 ° ~ 120 °; Row field angle θ
1for being in two maximum row conical through-holes of rectangular array middle distance angle between two conical through-hole outermost sidewalls of same row; The row field angle θ of described bent frame
2it is 10 ° ~ 120 °; Row field angle θ
2for being in two maximum row conical through-holes of rectangular array middle distance angle between two conical through-hole outermost sidewalls of same row;
The cone apex angle α of each conical through-hole is 0.1 ° ~ 3 °, cone apex angle be conical through-hole opposite flank between angle;
Described each conical through-hole aspect ratio is 10 ~ 100, described conical through-hole aspect ratio is the length of conical through-hole central axis and the ratio in the aperture, upper aperture of conical through-hole, and described conical through-hole central axis length is the upper sphere of described bent frame and the difference of lower peripheral surface radius;
Next door wall thickness between each conical through-hole is 0.1mm ~ 1.5mm.
Described lobster eye space X ray detector, is characterized in that:
The shape of described scintillation crystal and conical through-hole adapts, four sides of described scintillation crystal are respectively through being coated with after polishing or posting reflectance coating, described reflectance coating is prepared by metal or high-molecular organic material, has high reflectance to the optical photon converted to through described scintillation crystal; After inserting conical through-hole completely, each side of scintillation crystal and described conical through-hole inwall fit tightly; The material of described scintillation crystal is the scintillation materials such as cesium iodide, bismuth germanium oxide, silicic acid lutetium or yttrium luetcium silicate;
Described light-guide material is liquid light guide material or solid light guide material;
Under liquid light guide material normal temperature, the fundamental propertys such as stable chemical nature, nontoxic, light decay attenuating, low viscosity, high optical conductivity (about 1.5) should be had.
Described lobster eye space X ray detector, is characterized in that:
The circular array that described photosensor array is arranged into multilayer nest by multiple photoelectric detector is formed, and comprises the ground floor photoelectric detector being positioned at internal layer and the multilayer outer light photodetector surrounding described ground floor photoelectric detector.
Described lobster eye space X ray detector, is characterized in that:
Described photosensor array is arranged into N × M rectangular array by multiple photoelectric detector and forms, 2≤N≤20,2≤M≤20, and N, M are integer, and each photoelectric detector dimensions is identical.
Described lobster eye space X ray detector, is characterized in that:
Described photoelectric detector is photomultiplier (PhotomutiplierTube, PMT), silicon photomultiplier (SiliconPhotomultiplier, SiPM) or avalanche diode (AvalanchePhotoDiode, APD);
The present invention can sketch the detection process of X ray: X ray is converted to visible light wave range by scintillation crystal in bent frame, optical photon is passed to photosensor array by light-guide material after reflection, optical photon enters photoelectric detector, export the photocurrent amplified, complete the conversion of light signal to electric signal.The electrical signal data produced can be delivered to connected image processing system through data acquisition system (DAS) again and carry out analyzing and processing, completes and is parsed into picture, exports X ray distribution and intensity image.
Preparation of the present invention comprises the steps:
One, bent frame structural design: according to the radius R of sphere on the designing requirement determination bent frames such as practical application condition and optical reflection, the upper aperture aperture t of the conical through-hole of bent frame, the ratio (aspect ratio L/t) of conical through-hole central axis length L and t, determines the lower peripheral surface radius r=R-L of bent frame; Determine the next door wall thickness a between conical through-hole, determine the field angle θ of bent frame
0, or the row field angle θ of bent frame
1, row field angle θ
2, the cone apex angle α of conical through-hole;
By θ
0calculate the conical through-hole number n in the maximum row or column of circular array middle distance
0=θ
0/ α, n
0round numbers;
By θ
1calculate row conical through-hole number n in rectangular array
1=θ
1/ α, n
1round numbers;
By θ
2calculate row conical through-hole number n in rectangular array
2=θ
2/ α, n
2round numbers;
Two, make bent frame blank: select light-weight high-strength material (as titanium alloy, high-strength engineering plastic etc.), adopt and increase material manufacture (3D printing) straight forming making bent frame profile;
Or adopt blank to cut out bent frame monnolithic case, then laser discharge punching or boring method is adopted, process the initial duct of each conical through-hole, then adopt Laser Processing/wire cutting method to remove the excess stock of single conical through-hole, until reach the dimensional accuracy of conical through-hole;
Three, conical through-hole polishing: adopt fluid method to the inwall polishing of multiple conical through-holes of bent frame;
Four, scintillation crystal is assembled: the scintillation crystal being coated with highly reflecting films or posting highly reflecting films is carried out cuttage with the conical through-hole through polishing and coordinates, make scintillation crystal side and conical through-hole inner wall surface close contact;
Five, light-guide material is filled: in conical through-hole, fill light-guide material, make to be connected through light-guide material between scintillation crystal with sensor; Housing is adopted to be fixed sealing together with photoelectric sensor bent frame.
Bent frame of the present invention can significantly improve the rigidity of existing detecting head framework, solves the problem of splicing difficulty, reduces, because malformation is on the impact of light reflection, to realize Large visual angle X-ray detection X.And, the photoconductive layer that the employing light-guide material that the present invention proposes replaces fiber light cone or is made up of other solid materials, is conducive to the coupling efficiency improving detecting device and photoelectric detector, reduces the transmission loss (TL) of light, improve detector focusing power, significantly improve the performance of detector.Meanwhile, the processing and fabricating method of framed structure that provides of the present invention is also for the making of the porous structure of other similar thin-walleds, deep hole, large aspect ratio provides useful reference.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 A is the vertical view of the bent frame of above-described embodiment;
Fig. 2 B is the semisectional view of the bent frame of above-described embodiment;
Fig. 2 C is bent frame, scintillation material, the light-guide material assembling schematic diagram of above-described embodiment;
Fig. 2 D is the structural parameters schematic diagram of the bent frame of above-described embodiment;
Fig. 2 E is the photosensor array schematic diagram of above-described embodiment;
Fig. 3 A is the bent frame 3-D view of another embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 B is the row field angle parameter schematic diagram of the bent frame of another embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 C is the row field angle parameter schematic diagram of the bent frame of another embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 D is the photosensor array schematic diagram of another embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further described.
As shown in Figure 1, one embodiment of the present of invention, comprise bent frame 10, scintillation crystal 20, light-guide material 30 and photosensor array 40;
Described photosensor array 40 is arranged into array by multiple photoelectric detector and forms, and is coupled between photosensor array with scintillation crystal 20 through light-guide material 30; Photosensor array size be greater than and completely under each conical through-hole of envelope aperture at the edge of lower peripheral surface.
As shown in Fig. 2 A, Fig. 2 B, in the present embodiment, described bent frame 10 is the global shell of integral type, comprises sphere 11 and lower peripheral surface 12, and described upper sphere 11 is identical with the centre of sphere of lower peripheral surface 12, and upper spherical radius is greater than lower peripheral surface radius;
Described bent frame 10 has multiple conical through-hole 13 along the equally distributed radial direction of the rounded array of described upper sphere, each conical through-hole shape, size are identical, be inverted side's terrace with edge, next door wall thickness between each conical through-hole is equal, the upper aperture of each conical through-hole is positioned on described upper sphere, the lower aperture of each conical through-hole is positioned on described lower peripheral surface, and the extended line of each conical through-hole central axis meets at the public centre of sphere of described upper sphere and lower peripheral surface;
As shown in Figure 2 C, in described each conical through-hole 13, all cuttage has scintillation crystal 20, each scintillation crystal shape, size are identical, be inverted side's terrace with edge, after described scintillation crystal 20 inserts conical through-hole completely, the upper bottom surface of scintillation crystal 20 is concordant with the upper aperture of conical through-hole, and the bottom surface of scintillation crystal 20 and the lower aperture of conical through-hole keep certain distance, L
0for 20mm, be wherein filled with light-guide material 30;
As shown in Figure 2 D, in the present embodiment, the field angle θ of described bent frame
0it is 60 °;
The cone apex angle α of each conical through-hole is 3 °;
By θ
0calculate the conical through-hole number n in the maximum column or row of circular array middle distance
0=θ
0/ α=20;
Described each conical through-hole aspect ratio is 10.6, described conical through-hole aspect ratio is the length L of conical through-hole central axis and the ratio of the upper aperture aperture t of conical through-hole, and described conical through-hole central axis length L is the upper spherical radius R of described bent frame and the difference of lower peripheral surface radius r;
Upper aperture aperture t is 13mm, and upper spherical radius R is 267.4mm, and lower peripheral surface radius r is 130mm;
Next door wall thickness a between each conical through-hole is 0.3mm.
As shown in Figure 2 E, described photosensor array 40 is arranged into two-layer nested circular array by multiple photoelectric detector 41 and forms, and comprises the second layer photoelectric detector of the ground floor photoelectric detector being positioned at internal layer be made up of a photoelectric detector 41 and the described ground floor photoelectric detector of encirclement be made up of 6 photoelectric detectors 41.
In the present embodiment, bent frame adopts titanium alloy to make;
The material of described scintillation crystal is yttrium luetcium silicate; ESR highly reflecting films are posted in four sides of scintillation crystal;
Described light-guide material is silicone oil;
Described photoelectric detector is photomultiplier;
Certainly, be not precluded within the conical through-hole inner wall surface plating reflectance coating of framed structure 10 or paste the embodiment of high reflection film.
An alternative embodiment of the invention, its composition is substantially identical with previous embodiment, difference is only (1) as shown in Figure 3A, described bent frame 10 has multiple conical through-hole 13 along the equally distributed radial direction of the rectangular array of described upper sphere, each conical through-hole shape, size are identical, are inverted side's terrace with edge; (2) as shown in Figure 3 B, the row field angle θ of bent frame
1it is 54 °; Row field angle θ
1for being in two maximum row conical through-holes of rectangular array middle distance angle between two conical through-hole outermost sidewalls of same row; As shown in Figure 3 C, the row field angle θ of described bent frame
2it is 54 °; Row field angle θ
2for being in two maximum row conical through-holes of rectangular array middle distance angle between two conical through-hole outermost sidewalls of same row; By θ
1calculate row conical through-hole number n in rectangular array
1=θ
1/ α=18; Equally, by θ
2calculate row conical through-hole number n in rectangular array
2=18; (3) as shown in Figure 3 D, described photosensor array 40 is made up of by 2 × 2 array arrangements 4 photoelectric detectors 41, and each photoelectric detector dimensions is identical.
Claims (6)
1. a lobster eye space X ray detector, comprises bent frame, scintillation crystal, light-guide material and photosensor array, it is characterized in that:
Described bent frame is the global shell of integral type, comprises sphere and lower peripheral surface, and described upper sphere is identical with the centre of sphere of lower peripheral surface, and upper spherical radius is greater than lower peripheral surface radius;
Described bent frame has the conical through-hole of multiple or rectangular array equally distributed radial direction rounded along described upper sphere, each conical through-hole shape, size are identical, be inverted side's terrace with edge, next door wall thickness between each conical through-hole is equal, the upper aperture of each conical through-hole is positioned on described upper sphere, the lower aperture of each conical through-hole is positioned on described lower peripheral surface, and the extended line of each conical through-hole central axis meets at the public centre of sphere of described upper sphere and lower peripheral surface;
In described each conical through-hole, all cuttage has scintillation crystal, each scintillation crystal shape, size are identical, be inverted side's terrace with edge, after described scintillation crystal inserts conical through-hole completely, the upper bottom surface of scintillation crystal is concordant with the upper aperture of conical through-hole, the bottom surface of scintillation crystal and the lower aperture of conical through-hole keep certain distance, are wherein filled with light-guide material;
Described photosensor array is arranged into array by multiple photoelectric detector and forms, and is coupled between photosensor array with scintillation crystal through light-guide material, photosensor array size be greater than and completely under each conical through-hole of envelope aperture at the edge of lower peripheral surface.
2. lobster eye space X ray detector as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
When described bent frame having multiple conical through-hole along the equally distributed radial direction of the rounded array of described upper sphere, the field angle θ of described bent frame
0it is 10 ° ~ 120 °; Field angle θ
0for being in angle between two maximum conical through-hole outermost sidewalls of circular array middle distance;
When described bent frame having multiple conical through-hole along the equally distributed radial direction of the rectangular array of described upper sphere, the row field angle θ of described bent frame
1it is 10 ° ~ 120 °; Row field angle θ
1for being in two maximum row conical through-holes of rectangular array middle distance angle between two conical through-hole outermost sidewalls of same row; The row field angle θ of described bent frame
2it is 10 ° ~ 120 °; Row field angle θ
2for being in two maximum row conical through-holes of rectangular array middle distance angle between two conical through-hole outermost sidewalls of same row;
The cone apex angle α of each conical through-hole is 0.1 ° ~ 3 °, cone apex angle be conical through-hole opposite flank between angle;
Described each conical through-hole aspect ratio is 10 ~ 100, described conical through-hole aspect ratio is the length of conical through-hole central axis and the ratio in the aperture, upper aperture of conical through-hole, and described conical through-hole central axis length is the upper sphere of described bent frame and the difference of lower peripheral surface radius;
Next door wall thickness between each conical through-hole is 0.1mm ~ 1.5mm.
3. lobster eye space X ray detector as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that:
The shape of described scintillation crystal and conical through-hole adapts, four sides of described scintillation crystal are respectively through being coated with after polishing or posting reflectance coating, described reflectance coating is prepared by metal or high-molecular organic material, has high reflectance to the optical photon converted to through described scintillation crystal; After inserting conical through-hole completely, each side of scintillation crystal and described conical through-hole inwall fit tightly; The material of described scintillation crystal is cesium iodide, bismuth germanium oxide, silicic acid lutetium or yttrium luetcium silicate;
Described light-guide material is liquid light guide material or solid light guide material.
4. lobster eye space X ray detector as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that:
The circular array of the multilayer nest that described photosensor array is arranged into by multiple photoelectric detector is formed, and comprises the ground floor photoelectric detector being positioned at internal layer and the multilayer outer light photodetector surrounding described ground floor photoelectric detector;
Described photoelectric detector detects the visible light signal that front end scintillation crystal is launched, and is converted into electric signal.
5. lobster eye space X ray detector as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that:
Described photosensor array is arranged into N × M rectangular array by multiple photoelectric detector and forms, 2≤N≤20,2≤M≤20, and N, M are integer, and each photoelectric detector dimensions is identical.
6. the lobster eye space X ray detector as described in claim 4 or 5, is characterized in that:
Described photoelectric detector is photomultiplier, silicon photomultiplier or avalanche diode.
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| CN108363090A (en) * | 2018-02-02 | 2018-08-03 | 奕瑞新材料科技（太仓）有限公司 | Detector module based on flexible photodiode and detector system |
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| CN111123421A (en) * | 2020-01-29 | 2020-05-08 | 北方夜视技术股份有限公司 | Ultra-thin low transmittance reflective film of micropore optical element |
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| CN106569254A (en) * | 2016-11-04 | 2017-04-19 | 北京控制工程研究所 | X-ray grazing incidence lens long-distance light source alignment device and alignment method thereof |
| CN106569254B (en) * | 2016-11-04 | 2018-10-09 | 北京控制工程研究所 | A kind of X-ray glancing incidence camera lens remote light source alignment device and its alignment methods |
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| CN108363090B (en) * | 2018-02-02 | 2024-04-16 | 奕瑞新材料科技（太仓）有限公司 | Detector module and detector system based on bendable photodiode |
| CN108872277A (en) * | 2018-07-23 | 2018-11-23 | 北方夜视技术股份有限公司 | X-ray non-destructive detection device based on lobster eye lens |
| CN110824572A (en) * | 2019-11-12 | 2020-02-21 | 倪其棍 | X-ray imaging equipment |
| CN111123421A (en) * | 2020-01-29 | 2020-05-08 | 北方夜视技术股份有限公司 | Ultra-thin low transmittance reflective film of micropore optical element |
| CN111123421B (en) * | 2020-01-29 | 2022-02-15 | 北方夜视技术股份有限公司 | Ultra-thin low transmittance reflective film of micropore optical element |
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