CN107121692B - Detector and transmitting imaging device with the detector - Google Patents
Detector and transmitting imaging device with the detector Download PDFInfo
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- CN107121692B CN107121692B CN201710414297.XA CN201710414297A CN107121692B CN 107121692 B CN107121692 B CN 107121692B CN 201710414297 A CN201710414297 A CN 201710414297A CN 107121692 B CN107121692 B CN 107121692B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/20—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
- G01T1/202—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors the detector being a crystal
- G01T1/2026—Well-type detectors
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of detector and the transmitting imaging device with the detector.The detector includes scintillation crystal array, the first photosensor array and the second photosensor array.Scintillation crystal array includes multiple scintillation crystals.First photosensor array is coupled to the first end face of scintillation crystal array, and at least one of multiple optical sensors of the first photosensor array are coupled with multiple scintillation crystals respectively.Second photosensor array is coupled to the second end face of scintillation crystal array, and at least one of multiple optical sensors of the second photosensor array are coupled with multiple scintillation crystals respectively.Wherein, the first photosensor array and the second photosensor array Heterogeneous Permutation.The detector has higher DOI decoding precision and position decoding ability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to transmitting imaging systems, and in particular, to a kind of for emitting the detector and packet of imaging device
Include the transmitting imaging device of the detector.
Background technique
Transmitting imaging device including Positron emission tomography equipment has been used for medical diagnosis.With positron emission at
As negative electron is die out the showing of effect in the positive electron and human body that for equipment, are produced using positron isotopes decay
As leading to people's internal injection and being visited using the method for complex probe using detector with the compound of positron isotopes label
Survey is die out γ photon caused by effect.
The detector mainly includes three parts, as shown in Figure 1, the crystal matrix 110 being made of discrete scintillation crystal,
Glass light conducting shell 120 and photomultiplier tube (PMT) matrix 130.Each scintillation crystal is in addition to face (the i.e. bottom towards PMT matrix 130
Face) except be all coated with light reflecting material.The high-energy photon (i.e. γ photon) for the 511keV that the effect that dies out generates is in crystal matrix
It reacts inside 110, is converted into visible light subgroup.Due to being all coated with light reflecting material other than bottom surface, it is seen that photon
Group, which can only project from the bottom surface of scintillation crystal and pass through glass light conducting shell 120, enters PMT matrix 130.By in PMT matrix 130,
The size of each collected visible light signal of PMT unit can be calculated γ photon and be existed with centroid algorithm (Anger Logic)
The reaction occurred inside which of crystal matrix 110 scintillation crystal.This process is known as crystal decoding.In this way, can obtain
The distributed intelligence of isotope into the human body carries out reconstruction combinatorial operation by computer, to obtain human body internal labeling compound point
The three-dimensional tomographic image of cloth.
It as shown in Figure 2 A and 2 B, will not after arrival scintillation crystal 210 since γ photon has certain attenuation length
It reacts, but reacts according to certain attenuation function at once, be converted into visible light subgroup in certain certain time.Work as γ
Photon enters in scintillation crystal 210 in non-center position, i.e., when entering scintillation crystal 210 at an angle, γ photon is being sent out
Raw reaction has advanced into another scintillation crystal 210, and the γ photon that calculated response location simulates at this time generates position
There are deviations, referred to as reaction depth (Depth Of Interaction, DOI) effect with practical generation position.Fig. 2A -2B difference
For existing flat and ring type Positron emission tomography equipment sectional view.Wherein solid line represents the practical flight road of γ photon
Diameter, dotted line represent the response straightway that transmitting imaging device is generated according to the signal of detection.It can be seen that effect of depth is greatly
The accuracy that optical sensor generates position and path judgement in decoding process to γ photon is affected, transmitting imaging device is caused
Spatial resolution decline.
The existing method for reducing DOI effect is broadly divided into two classes, i.e., hardware corrected and software correction.Hardware is corrected
Scintillation crystal is layered and couples two photoelectric conversion devices at scintillation crystal array both ends.Scintillation crystal layering is not connected due to crystal
Continuous, the boundary of different crystal material causes photon loss serious, reduces system sensitivity.And couple two photoelectric conversion devices
It is disadvantageous in that the number of channels of detector increases, causes to acquire signal strength weakening.Software correction method due to itself
Limitation, development are restricted.
Therefore, it is necessary to propose a kind of detector for emitting imaging device and the transmitting including the detector at
As equipment improves the spatial resolution of imaging system to obtain the reaction depth information of scintillation crystal.
Summary of the invention
According to an aspect of the present invention, it provides a kind of for emitting the detector of imaging device, including scintillation crystal battle array
Column, the first photosensor array and the second photosensor array.Scintillation crystal array has opposite first end face and second
End face, the scintillation crystal array include multiple scintillation crystals.First photosensor array is coupled to the scintillation crystal array
The first end face, first photosensor array includes multiple optical sensors, the institute of first photosensor array
It states at least one of multiple optical sensors and is coupled with multiple scintillation crystals respectively.Second photosensor array is coupled to institute
The second end face of scintillation crystal array is stated, second photosensor array includes multiple optical sensors, second light
At least one of the multiple optical sensor of sensor array is coupled with multiple scintillation crystals respectively.Wherein, described
First photosensor array and the second photosensor array Heterogeneous Permutation.
Preferably, the face of the multiple scintillation crystal not coupled with the optical sensor is provided with reflection layer, and
Optical transmission window is provided in the reflection layer in the adjacent face of the scintillation crystal coupled in the face with adjacent optical sensor.
Preferably, the m of central area is located in first photosensor array/second photosensor array1×m2
A optical sensor is coupled with n1×n2A scintillation crystal, wherein m1、m2For positive integer, n1And n2To be less than or equal to 6 more than or equal to 2
Positive integer, and n2More than or equal to n1。
Preferably, relatively described second photosensor array of first photosensor array have the first dislocation direction and
Second dislocation direction, first photosensor array opposite institute on first dislocation direction and second dislocation direction
It states the second photosensor array to misplace respectively M scintillation crystal distance and N number of scintillation crystal distance, wherein M is less than or equal to n1/
2 positive integer, N are less than or equal to n2/ 2 positive integer.
Preferably, the size of the scintillation crystal array is less than or equal to the size of second photosensor array.
Preferably, the size of first photosensor array is less than the size of the scintillation crystal array, the flashing
The size of crystal array is equal to the size of second photosensor array, and the size of the scintillation crystal is x × y, the sudden strain of a muscle
Bright crystal array size is A × B, the optical sensor of first photosensor array and second photosensor array
The size of the photoelectric sensor be all n2x×n1Y, the second photosensor array size are C × D, and first light passes
Sensor array size is (C-1) × (D-1), wherein C A/n1Integer, D B/n2Integer.
Preferably, the size of first photosensor array is equal to the size of the scintillation crystal array, the flashing
The size of crystal array is less than the size of second photosensor array, and the size of the scintillation crystal is x × y, the sudden strain of a muscle
Bright crystal array size is A × B, the optical sensor of first photosensor array and second photosensor array
The size of the photoelectric sensor be all n2x×n1Y, the second photosensor array size is (C+1) × (D+1), described
First photosensor array size is C × D, wherein C A/n1Integer, D B/n2Integer.
Preferably, the size of first photosensor array is equal to the size of the scintillation crystal array, the flashing
The size of crystal array is equal to the size of second photosensor array, and the size of the scintillation crystal is x × y, the sudden strain of a muscle
Bright crystal array size is A × B, and the size of the photoelectric sensor of second photosensor array is n2x×n1Y, it is described
Second photosensor array size is C × D, wherein C A/n1Integer, D B/n2Integer, the first optical sensor battle array
The optical sensor in column includes the second optical sensor positioned at the first optical sensor of central area and positioned at peripheral region,
The size of first optical sensor is n2x×n1Y and composition (C-1) × (D-1) array, the size of second optical sensor
For n4x×n3Y, wherein n4For less than or equal to n2/ 2 positive integer, n3For less than or equal to n1/ 2 positive integer.
Preferably, the multiple scintillation crystal include the first scintillation crystal, first scintillation crystal have with it is adjacent
Two adjacent faces of first scintillation crystal of optical sensor coupling, the optical transmission window include the first optical transmission window and the second light transmission
Window is separately positioned in the reflection layer in described two faces of first scintillation crystal, to allow light to be passed by adjacent light
Sensor receives.
Preferably, the multiple scintillation crystal include the second scintillation crystal, second scintillation crystal have with it is adjacent
An adjacent face of the scintillation crystal of optical sensor coupling, one face of second scintillation crystal is provided with the light transmission
Window, to allow light to be received by adjacent optical sensor.
Preferably, the multiple scintillation crystal includes third scintillation crystal, and the third scintillation crystal has coupling unique
Property, the scintillation crystal that the third scintillation crystal is not coupled with adjacent optical sensor is adjacent, and the third scintillation crystal is located at
The vertex of the scintillation crystal array, and/or the intermediate region of the optical sensor positioned at intermediate region.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of transmitting imaging device is also provided, the transmitting imaging device includes such as
Upper any detector.
In detector provided by the invention, the both ends of scintillation crystal array be coupled with respectively the first photosensor array and
Second photosensor array, single optical sensor coupling in the first photosensor array and the second photosensor array it is multiple from
Crystal is dissipated, the first photosensor array and the second photosensor array Heterogeneous Permutation can make each scattered bright crystal have light distribution only
One property, the optical photon that γ photon attenuation generates travels in adjacent crystal to be collected by different optical sensors, final to utilize
The distribution for the energy that optical sensor is collected into calculates reaction depth (DOI) and the position of photon, for relatively traditional detector,
Detector provided by the invention has higher promotion to the decoding capability of discrete crystal, and has following advantages: (1) structure letter
It is single, do not need light guide；(2) has higher DOI decoding precision；(3) has higher position decoding ability；(4) has high property
The time of energy measures potentiality.
A series of concept of reduced forms is introduced in summary of the invention, this will in the detailed description section further
It is described in detail.This part of the disclosure be not meant to attempt to limit technical solution claimed key feature and
Essential features do not mean that the protection scope for attempting to determine technical solution claimed more.
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, the advantages of the present invention will be described in detail and feature.
Detailed description of the invention
Following drawings of the invention is incorporated herein as part of the present invention for the purpose of understanding the present invention.Shown in the drawings of this hair
Bright embodiment and its description, principle used to explain the present invention.In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the existing detector for Positron emission tomography equipment；
Fig. 2A and 2B is respectively existing flat and ring type Positron emission tomography equipment sectional view；
Fig. 3 is according to the scintillation crystal array of one embodiment of the invention and the coupling schematic diagram of photosensor array；
Fig. 4 A- Fig. 4 D is the decoded schematic diagram of DOI of coupled modes shown in Fig. 3；
Fig. 5 A- Fig. 5 C is to be illustrated according to the scintillation crystal array of one embodiment of the invention and the layout of photosensor array
Scheme (coupled modes based on Fig. 3)；
Fig. 6 is according to the scintillation crystal array of another embodiment of the present invention and the schematic layout pattern of photosensor array
(coupled modes based on Fig. 3)；
Fig. 7 is according to the scintillation crystal array of one more embodiment of the present invention and the schematic layout pattern of photosensor array
(coupled modes based on Fig. 3)；
Fig. 8 A- Fig. 8 C is the schematic diagram according to the different types of scintillation crystal of the embodiment of invention；
Fig. 9 A- Fig. 9 B is to be shown according to the coupling of the scintillation crystal array and photosensor array of one more embodiment of the present invention
It is intended to；
Figure 10 A- Figure 10 P is the decoded schematic diagram of DOI of coupled modes shown in explanatory diagram 9A, Fig. 9 B；
Figure 11 is according to the scintillation crystal array of one embodiment of the invention and the schematic layout pattern (base of photosensor array
In the coupled modes of Fig. 9 A)；
Figure 12 is according to the scintillation crystal array of another embodiment of the present invention and the schematic layout pattern of photosensor array
(coupled modes based on Fig. 9 A)；
Figure 13 is according to the scintillation crystal array of one more embodiment of the present invention and the schematic layout pattern of photosensor array
(coupled modes based on Fig. 9 A)；
Figure 14 is according to the scintillation crystal array of one more embodiment of the present invention and the schematic layout pattern of photosensor array
(coupled modes based on Fig. 9 A)；
Figure 15 A is " windowing " scintillation crystal schematic layout pattern according to one embodiment of the invention；
Figure 15 B is " windowing " scintillation crystal schematic layout pattern according to another embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 16 A is to be illustrated according to the scintillation crystal array of another embodiment of the present invention and the layout of photosensor array
Figure；
Figure 16 B is to be illustrated according to the scintillation crystal array of one more embodiment of the present invention and the layout of photosensor array
Figure；
Figure 16 C is to be illustrated according to the scintillation crystal array of one more embodiment of the present invention and the layout of photosensor array
Figure；
Figure 16 D is to be illustrated according to the scintillation crystal array of one more embodiment of the present invention and the layout of photosensor array
Figure.
Specific embodiment
In the following description, a large amount of details is provided so as to thoroughly understand the present invention.However, this field skill
Art personnel will be seen that, only relate to presently preferred embodiments of the present invention described below, and the present invention may not need one or more in this way
Details and be carried out.In addition, in order to avoid confusion with the present invention, not for some technical characteristics well known in the art
It is described.
The present invention provides a kind of for emitting the detector of imaging device comprising scintillation crystal array, the first light sensing
Device array and the second photosensor array.First photosensor array couples directly to the top of scintillation crystal array, the second light
Sensor array couples directly to the bottom end of scintillation crystal array, the first photosensor array, the second photosensor array and sudden strain of a muscle
Photoconductive layer is not necessarily between bright crystal array.Illustratively, scintillation crystal array and the first photosensor array/second optical sensor
Array can be directly coupled together for example, by the couplant of optical glue or by modes such as Air Couplings.It needs
Bright, top and bottom end herein does not represent physics or absolute top and bottom, is intended merely to distinguish scintillation crystal array
Both ends.
Scintillation crystal array includes multiple scintillation crystals, these scintillation crystals are arranged with array manner.Scintillation crystal can be with
For one of active thallium sodium iodide crystal, bismuth-germanium-oxide crystal, lutecium silicate crystal, silicic acid lutetium-yttrium crystal.It is similar with traditional approach
Ground, the face of multiple scintillation crystals not coupled with the first photosensor array/second photosensor array are provided with light reflection
Layer.
Reflection layer for example, by coating, plated film (such as spraying or plating silverskin) or can be pasted reflective on scintillation crystal
The mode of material is formed.Reflectorized material is, for example, ESR (Enhanced Specular Reflector) reflecting piece, Du Pont's public affairs
Take charge of Teflon (Teflon) reflectorized material or the barium sulfate etc. of production.In addition, reflection layer, which can also be, is arranged in adjacent sudden strain of a muscle
Reflectorized material between bright crystal.The public same reflection layer of adjacent scintillation crystal.
First photosensor array and the second photosensor array all include multiple optical sensors, these optical sensors are with battle array
Column mode is arranged.Optical sensor can be photomultiplier tube (PMT), be based on location-sensitive photomultiplier tube (PS-PMT) and silicon
One of optical sensor of photomultiplier tube (SiPM) etc. is a variety of.It since the size of SiPM is smaller, and is usually to flash
The integral multiple of the side length of crystal, it is therefore preferred to the first photosensor array and the second optical sensor battle array are formed using SiPM
Column.Part or all in optical sensor in first photosensor array/second photosensor array accordingly couples more
A scintillation crystal.The size of optical sensor is the integral multiple of the size of scintillation crystal, so that single optical sensor can couple n1
×n2The scintillation crystal array of a scintillation crystal composition, wherein n1And n2For positive integer (present invention in, n1And n2It is all to be more than or equal to
6) 2 are less than or equal to, and n2More than or equal to n1。
Detector provided by the invention is substantially to couple two photoelectric conversion devices (first at scintillation crystal array both ends
Photosensor array and the second photosensor array), but it is different from traditional approach, the first photosensor array and the second light
Sensor array Heterogeneous Permutation, specific dislocation mode will be described in subsequent text.
Fig. 3 shows the scintillation crystal array of one embodiment of the invention and the coupling schematic diagram of photosensor array.Inspection
It is that 2xmm × 2ymm optical sensor is constituted that device, which is surveyed, by the scintillation crystal and unit sizes that unit sizes are xmm × ymm, lower 2 × 2 light
Sensor array, upper layer are single sensor, couple 4 × 4 scintillation crystal arrays, that is, in the present embodiment, single optical sensor coupling
Close 4 scintillation crystals.It should be understood that the present invention is not intended to limit the type and size of single optical sensor and scintillation crystal,
The size of photosensor array and scintillation crystal array is not limited；And the side length one for being not required for optical sensor is set to scintillation crystal
2 times of side length, are slightly less than also possible in a certain range, it is only necessary to which when guaranteeing composition array, equidirectional adjacent light is passed
The center of sensor away from for adjacent scintillation crystal center away from 2 times.
A- Fig. 4 D with reference to Fig. 4, scintillation crystal are arranged in the different location of photosensor array, optical sensor 410,
420,430,440 the second photosensor array is constituted, the first photosensor array includes optical sensor 210.410 coupling of optical sensor
Close 1.1,1.2,2.1,2.2 lower end surface of scintillation crystal；420 coupled scintillation crystal of optical sensor, 1.3,1.4,2.3,2.4 lower end surface；
430 coupled scintillation crystal of optical sensor, 3.1,3.2,4.1,4.2 lower end surface；440 coupled scintillation crystal 3.3 of optical sensor, 3.4,
4.3,4.4 lower end surface.The upper surface of 210 coupled scintillation crystal 2.2,2.3,3.2,3.3 of optical sensor, and the second optical sensor battle array
The optical sensor 410,420,430,440 of column is parallel with the optical sensor 210 of the first photosensor array, that is, upper layer and lower layer light
Sensor parallel.In order to guarantee that each scintillation crystal all has coupling uniqueness, that is, different optical sensor above and below corresponding,
First photosensor array and the second photosensor array Heterogeneous Permutation, the first photosensor array is with respect to the second optical sensor battle array
Column have the first dislocation direction X and the second dislocation direction Y, and the first photosensor array is in the first dislocation direction and the second dislocation side
Opposite second photosensor array misplaces 1 scintillation crystal distance respectively upwards.
According to arrangement mode shown in Fig. 3, each scintillation crystal all has coupling uniqueness, i.e., corresponding different up and down
Optical sensor.2.2,2.3,3.2,3.3 upper surface of scintillation crystal couples optical sensor 210 simultaneously, but lower end surface couples respectively
Optical sensor 410,420,430,440.When decaying occurs in scintillation crystal for γ photon generates visible light subgroup, it is seen that photon
Group is reflected through reflectance coating, while is traveled in the SiPM of coupling up and down, by judging whether SiPM collects energy i.e.
It can be to the carry out position decoding of γ photon in an event.
Due to the reflecting layer that is coated with can not 100% all photons of reflection, material of the scintillation crystal in growth and process
Expect inhomogeneities etc., it is seen that photon group has partial photonic during propagation and is absorbed, the energy for causing sensor to receive
Gross energy of the amount lower than visible light subgroup produced by γ Photon Decay.When the reflectivity of reflectance coating and material properties determine, γ
The response location of photon is remoter from sensor, and absorbed energy is more in communication process, and the energy that sensor receives is fewer.
When by the way of being read using both-end coupling, when response location is close to scintillation crystal lower end, energy that lower layer's optical sensor receives
Amount is more, and when response location is close to scintillation crystal upper end, the energy that upper layer optical sensor receives is more.According to upper layer and lower layer sensor
Energy size is received, judges the response location of γ photon.Specifically:
Scintillation crystal 2.2: optical sensor 410,210 has signal, according to optical sensor 410, the decoding reaction of 210 signal magnitudes
Depth (such as Fig. 4 A)；
Scintillation crystal 2.3: optical sensor 420,210 has signal, according to optical sensor 420, the decoding reaction of 210 signal magnitudes
Depth (such as Fig. 4 B)；
Scintillation crystal 3.2: optical sensor 430,210 has signal, according to optical sensor 430, the decoding reaction of 210 signal magnitudes
Depth (such as Fig. 4 C)；
Scintillation crystal 3.3: optical sensor 440,210 has signal, according to optical sensor 440, the decoding reaction of 210 signal magnitudes
Depth.
The DOI decoding process for the mutually similar scintillation crystal for including in the layout as shown in Fig. 3 is similar, only selectivity
The DOI decoding of wherein several scintillation crystals is discussed in detail in ground, and the DOI decoding of scintillation crystal also may refer to table 1.
Table 1:
Therefore high-energy photon is when being incident on the scintillation crystal of different location, five optical sensors 210,410,
420,430,440 signal that can export different coding.It, can be accurate by comparing the presence or absence of five photosensor signals and size
Ground calculates high-energy photon and is incident on the position to react in scintillation crystal.
The layout of scintillation crystal array and photosensor array that Fig. 5 A- Fig. 5 C shows one embodiment of the invention is illustrated
Figure (is based on coupled modes shown in Fig. 3).Detector is by the scintillation crystal that unit sizes are xmm × ymm and unit sizes
2xmm × 2ymm optical sensor is constituted, and overall structure is 12 × 12 scintillation crystal arrays dislocation coupling both-end photosensor array.
Second photosensor array (can also be lower layer's photosensor array) is 6 × 6 arrays, and the first photosensor array (can also call
Layer photosensor array) it is 5 × 5 arrays.400 Heterogeneous Permutation of first photosensor array 200 and the second photosensor array, the
One photosensor array 200 opposite second light sensing on the first dislocation direction (X-direction) and the second dislocation direction (in Y-direction)
Device array 400 misplaces 1 scintillation crystal distance respectively.Each scintillation crystal of scintillation crystal array all couples different sensings
Device, that is, each scintillation crystal all has coupling uniqueness.After the same method, the array of any size can be constructed.
In Fig. 5 A- Fig. 5 C illustrated embodiment, the optical sensor of single size, 300 outer ring of scintillation crystal array only used
Scintillation crystal only coupled the second photosensor array 400, and do not couple the first photosensor array 200.Therefore, it flashes
The scintillation crystal of 300 outer ring of crystal array only has the function of position decoding, can not carry out reaction depth decoding.
Although Fig. 5 A- Fig. 5 C only shows that 12 × 12 scintillation crystal array upper ends couple 5 × 5 first optical sensor battle arrays
Column, lower end couple the embodiment of 6 × 6 second photosensor arrays, but similarly may extend to following detector: upper layer optical sensor
Array sizes are less than scintillation crystal array size, and lower layer's photosensor array size is equal to scintillation crystal array size.Flashing is brilliant
For body having a size of x × y, crystal array size is M × N；Photosensor size is 2x × 2y, and lower layer's photosensor array size is
(M/2) × (N/2), upper layer photosensor array size are (M/2-1) × (N/2-1).The detector of this kind of structure is due to outermost
One layer of scintillation crystal only single-port-coupled is enclosed, therefore the scintillation crystal at scintillation crystal array center can be realized simultaneously position decoding and depth
Degree decoding, peripheral scintillation crystal only position decoding.
Fig. 6 shows the scintillation crystal array of another embodiment of the present invention and the schematic layout pattern of photosensor array
(being based on coupled modes shown in Fig. 3).Detector shown in detector and Fig. 5 A shown in Fig. 6 has same structure:
Only with a kind of optical sensor of size.For scintillation crystal having a size of x × y, scintillation crystal array size is M × N；Optical sensor ruler
Very little is 2x × 2y.The difference is that edge processing mode is had any different, be embodied in: photosensor array 200 size in upper layer, which is equal to, dodges
Bright crystal array size 300,400 size of lower layer's photosensor array are greater than scintillation crystal array size 300, lower layer's optical sensor
400 size of array is (M/2+1) × (N/2+1), and photosensor array 200 size in upper layer is (M/2) × (N/2).The embodiment
In, all scintillation crystals are able to achieve position decoding and depth decoding.
Fig. 7 shows the scintillation crystal array of one more embodiment of the present invention and the schematic layout pattern of photosensor array
(being based on coupled modes shown in Fig. 3).Detector shown in detector and Fig. 5 A shown in Fig. 7 has same structure:
400 size of lower layer's photosensor array is equal to scintillation crystal array size 300, and scintillation crystal is having a size of x × y, scintillation crystal battle array
Column size is M × N, and photosensor size is 2x × 2y.The difference is that edge processing mode is had any different, it is embodied in: upper layer light
Sensor array 200 uses optical sensor (optical sensor 210 having a size of 2x × 2y and the light having a size of x × y of two kinds of sizes
Sensor 220), photosensor array 200 size in upper layer is equal to scintillation crystal array size 300, lower layer's photosensor array 400
Size is M/2 × N/2, and multiple optical sensors 210 having a size of 2x × 2y constitute the array that size is (M/2-1) × (N/2-1)
It is coupled with scintillation crystal array center, one layer of flashing of the optical sensor 220 having a size of x × y and scintillation crystal array periphery is brilliant
Body coupling.In the embodiment, all scintillation crystals are able to achieve position decoding and depth decoding.
More than, what is provided is the embodiment that single optical sensor couples 4 scintillation crystals.Likewise, working as single light sensing
It, can be to γ light by the Heterogeneous Permutation for the optical sensor that upper layer and lower layer optical sensor displays when device couples 16 scintillation crystals
The response location and depth of son are decoded.Unlike: when single optical sensor couples 4 scintillation crystals, each crystal
The optical sensor of upper and lower end faces coupling has uniqueness, but when single 16 scintillation crystals of optical sensor coupling, every 4 crystalline substances
Body couples same a pair of sensors (not having coupling uniqueness), at this point, can be by opening up light inlet window in scintillation crystal coated surface
Mouth (scintillation crystal referred to as " windowing " scintillation crystal for opening up optical transmission window), guidance optical photon is propagated, to sense to single
The detector structure that device couples 16 scintillation crystals carries out position decoding and depth decoding.
Position decoding and depth decoding are carried out in order to couple the detector structure of 16 scintillation crystals to single sensor,
The reflection layer in the adjacent face of the scintillation crystal coupled in the coated surface of scintillation crystal, with adjacent optical sensor (i.e. side)
In offer optical transmission window, thus guide the high-energy photon (such as gammaphoton of 511keV) to make in certain scintillation crystal
Adjacent scintillation crystal is entered by optical transmission window with the lower photon group of the energy of rear generation (such as photon group of 420nm),
And then the optical sensor acquisition coupled by adjacent scintillation crystal.In this way, being directed to some scintillation crystal, pass through multiple light sensings
The light distribution that device detects can calculate high-energy photon has occurred instead in which scintillation crystal in scintillation crystal array
(crystal positions decoding) is answered, and the reaction depth (DOI decoding) in the scintillation crystal.
According to the position of scintillation crystal in an array, three types, i.e. the first scintillation crystal, second can be substantially divided into
Scintillation crystal and third scintillation crystal.The main distinction of these three scintillation crystals is whether include optical transmission window and light transmission
The quantity of window.The scintillation crystal coupled with adjacent optical sensor that the optical transmission window is arranged at scintillation crystal is adjacent
In the reflection layer in face.
Fig. 8 A shows the first scintillation crystal I, and scintillation crystals I is provided with light inlet window on two adjacent sides
Mouth (region indicated by hacures), i.e. the first optical transmission window 312 and the second optical transmission window 314.Illustratively, such as Fig. 8 A institute
Show, the first optical transmission window 312 can be arranged close to the top of the first scintillation crystal I, and the second optical transmission window 314 can be close to first
The bottom end of scintillation crystal I is arranged.But the present invention not to the first optical transmission window 312 and the second optical transmission window 314 in height side
Upward position is limited.In addition, the size shape of optical transmission window is not also by limitation shown in the drawings.First scintillation crystal I
It is generally arranged at the vertex of the optical sensor 410 for the second photosensor array that it is coupled, and is had and adjacent light
Two adjacent faces of the scintillation crystal that sensor 420,430 couples, as shown in Figure 9 B.Fig. 9 B shows 2 × 2 optical sensor battle array
Column comprising optical sensor 410,420,430 and 440." apex angle of optical sensor " mentioned above is to refer to and three light
The adjacent position of sensor (position as corresponding to scintillation crystal 2.2,2.3,3.2,3.3 in Fig. 9 A).Hereinafter will also it mention
The edge and central area of optical sensor." edge of optical sensor " refers to position that only can be adjacent with an optical sensor
Set (position as corresponding to scintillation crystal 1.2,1.3,2.1,2.4,3.1,3.4,4.2,4.3 in Fig. 9 A)." the optical sensor
Central area " refer to position not adjacent with any optical sensor (as the institute of scintillation crystal 1.1,1.4,4.1,4.4 is right in Fig. 9 A
Answer position).
Fig. 8 B shows the second scintillation crystal II, and scintillation crystals II is provided with optical transmission window 322 on one face.Thoroughly
Light window 322 can be arranged close to the top of the second scintillation crystal II as shown in Figure 8 B, also can be set close to bottom end
At position or middle position.It is preferable that optical transmission window 322 is arranged close to the top of the second scintillation crystal II.Due to light
Subgroup is substantially moved from top to down in scintillation crystal, and optical transmission window setting can be improved on top to react production on top
Raw photon group from optical transmission window directly off probability, avoid cannot be distinguished and react the photon of generation in upper and lower part
The hot spot that group is formed, to be conducive to DOI decoding.Second scintillation crystal II is generally arranged at the second optical sensor battle array that it is coupled
The edge of the optical sensor of column, as shown in Figure 9 B.
Fig. 8 C shows third scintillation crystal III, is not provided with optical transmission window in the reflection layer of scintillation crystals III.
This scintillation crystals III be generally arranged at the optical sensor for the second photosensor array that it is coupled not with any light sensing
At the adjacent position of device, as shown in Figure 9 B.Even if optical transmission window is arranged in scintillation crystal at this position, across optical transmission window can
The optical sensor that light-exposed son is also only coupled by the scintillation crystal receives, and such case progress decoded efficiency of DOI is lower, because
This is foreclosed by preferred embodiment of the invention.Since third scintillation crystal III does not have optical transmission window, do not have DOI
Decoding capability.
Scintillation crystal array may include one of above-mentioned three types or a variety of.By cooperating with photosensor array
It uses, the detector for having DOI decoding capability and structure simple (having used less optical sensor) can be obtained.
The DOI decoding of each scintillation crystal in layout shown in Fig. 9 A and Fig. 9 B is introduced below with reference to Figure 10 A- Figure 10 P,
Since the DOI decoding process for the mutually similar scintillation crystal for including in this layout is similar, it is only selectively discussed in detail
In several scintillation crystals DOI decoding, scintillation crystal DOI decoding also may refer to table 2.
The first row first row is (as shown in Figure 10 A) to use third scintillation crystal III.When γ photon is incident on third flashing
In crystal III and when decaying generation visible light subgroup occurs, it is seen that photon group is reflected through reflection layer, travels to third flashing
In the optical sensor 210,410 of crystal III coupling, since third scintillation crystal III does not open up optical transmission window, in ideal only
There is optical sensor 210,410 that can receive optical signal, remaining optical sensor 420-440 no signal, it is possible thereby to according to light sensing
Device 210,410 signal magnitudes decode reaction depth.
The first row secondary series is (as shown in Figure 10 B) to use the second scintillation crystal II.Second scintillation crystal II opens up one thoroughly
Light window, therefore be decoded using pairs of optical sensor.It is more when γ photon reacts in the second scintillation crystal II
Several optical photons is propagated in second scintillation crystal II to be received by optical sensor 210,410, is obtained γ photon and is reacted
Two-dimensional position.Small part optical photon is injected in adjacent scintillation crystal by optical transmission window 322 (see Fig. 8 B) by optical sensor
420 receive, and when the response location of γ photon is closer to optical transmission window, the optical photon that optical sensor 420 receives is more, and deposits
In limiting value.The optical signal that optical sensor 410 receives is relatively strong, and the optical signal that optical sensor 420 receives is relatively weak,
And the no signal of optical sensor 430 and 440.It is possible thereby to decode reaction depth according to 210,410,420 signal magnitude of optical sensor.
The first row third arranges (as illustrated in figure 10 c) using the second scintillation crystal II.Second scintillation crystal II opens up one thoroughly
Light window, therefore be decoded using pairs of optical sensor.It is more when γ photon reacts in the second scintillation crystal II
Several optical photons is propagated in second scintillation crystal II to be received by optical sensor 210,420, is obtained γ photon and is reacted
Two-dimensional position.Small part optical photon is injected in adjacent scintillation crystal by optical transmission window 322 (see Fig. 8 B) by optical sensor
410 receive, and when the response location of γ photon is closer to optical transmission window, the optical photon that optical sensor 410 receives is more, and deposits
In limiting value.The optical signal that optical sensor 420 receives is relatively strong, and the optical signal that optical sensor 410 receives is relatively weak,
And the no signal of optical sensor 430 and 440.It is possible thereby to decode reaction depth according to 210,410,420 signal magnitude of optical sensor.
The column of the first row the 4th are (as shown in Figure 10 D) to use third scintillation crystal III.When γ photon is incident on third flashing
In crystal III and when decaying generation visible light subgroup occurs, it is seen that photon group is reflected through reflection layer, travels to third flashing
In the optical sensor 210,420 of crystal III coupling, since third scintillation crystal III does not open up optical transmission window, in ideal only
There is optical sensor 210,420 that can receive optical signal, remaining optical sensor 420-440 no signal, it is possible thereby to according to light sensing
Device 210,420 signal magnitudes decode reaction depth.
Second row first row (as shown in figure 10e) uses the second scintillation crystal II.Second scintillation crystal II opens up one thoroughly
Light window, therefore be decoded using pairs of optical sensor.It is more when γ photon reacts in the second scintillation crystal II
Several optical photons is propagated in second scintillation crystal II to be received by optical sensor 210,410, is obtained γ photon and is reacted
Two-dimensional position.Small part optical photon is injected in adjacent scintillation crystal by optical transmission window 322 (see Fig. 8 B) by optical sensor
430 receive, and when the response location of γ photon is closer to optical transmission window, the optical photon that optical sensor 430 receives is more, and deposits
In limiting value.The optical signal that optical sensor 410 receives is relatively strong, and the optical signal that optical sensor 430 receives is relatively weak,
And the no signal of optical sensor 420 and 440.It is possible thereby to decode reaction depth according to 210,410,430 signal magnitude of optical sensor.
Second row secondary series (as shown in figure 10f) uses the first scintillation crystal I, has adjacent with optical sensor 420
Side and the side adjacent with optical sensor 430 open up the first optical transmission window 312 and the second light transmission respectively on the two sides
Window 314 (see Fig. 8 A), therefore use four optical sensors for one group of carry out depth decoding.Specifically, when γ photon this
When reacting in one scintillation crystal I, most optical photons is propagated in first scintillation crystal I, by optical sensor 410,
210 receive, and obtain the two-dimensional position of γ photon.A part of optical photon is injected into adjacent flashing by the first optical transmission window 312
In crystal, received by optical sensor 420；Some optical photon is incident on adjacent flashing by the second optical transmission window 314
In crystal, and received by optical sensor 430.The response location of γ photon is on the window's position, optical sensor 420 and 430
The photon energy received is more.Therefore the optical signal that optical sensor 410 receives is most strong, and optical sensor 420 and 430 can connect
The optical signal being subject to is relatively weak, 440 no signal of optical sensor, it is possible thereby to be believed according to optical sensor 210,410,420,430
Number size decodes reaction depth.
Second row third arranges (as shown in figure 10g) using the first scintillation crystal I, has adjacent with optical sensor 410
Side and the side adjacent with optical sensor 440 open up the first optical transmission window 312 and the second light transmission respectively on the two sides
Window 314 (see Fig. 8 A), therefore use four optical sensors for one group of carry out depth decoding.Specifically, when γ photon this
When reacting in one scintillation crystal I, most optical photons is propagated in first scintillation crystal I, by optical sensor 420,
210 receive, and obtain the two-dimensional position of γ photon.A part of optical photon is injected into adjacent flashing by the first optical transmission window 312
In crystal, received by optical sensor 410；Some optical photon is incident on adjacent flashing by the second optical transmission window 314
In crystal, and received by optical sensor 440.The response location of γ photon is on the window's position, optical sensor 410 and 440
The photon energy received is more.Therefore the optical signal that optical sensor 420 receives is most strong, and optical sensor 410 and 440 can connect
The optical signal being subject to is relatively weak, 430 no signal of optical sensor, it is possible thereby to be believed according to optical sensor 210,410,420,440
Number size decodes reaction depth.
Second row the 4th arranges (as shown in Figure 10 H) and uses the second scintillation crystal II.Second scintillation crystal II opens up one thoroughly
Light window, therefore be decoded using pairs of optical sensor.It is more when γ photon reacts in the second scintillation crystal II
Several optical photons is propagated in second scintillation crystal II to be received by optical sensor 210,420, is obtained γ photon and is reacted
Two-dimensional position.Small part optical photon is injected in adjacent scintillation crystal by optical transmission window 322 (see Fig. 8 B) by optical sensor
440 receive, and when the response location of γ photon is closer to optical transmission window, the optical photon that optical sensor 440 receives is more, and deposits
In limiting value.The optical signal that optical sensor 420 receives is relatively strong, and the optical signal that optical sensor 440 receives is relatively weak,
And the no signal of optical sensor 410 and 430.It is possible thereby to decode reaction depth according to 210,420,440 signal magnitude of optical sensor.
The third line first row (as shown in figure 10i) uses the second scintillation crystal II.Second scintillation crystal II opens up one thoroughly
Light window, therefore be decoded using pairs of optical sensor.It is more when γ photon reacts in the second scintillation crystal II
Several optical photons is propagated in second scintillation crystal II to be received by optical sensor 210,430, is obtained γ photon and is reacted
Two-dimensional position.Small part optical photon is injected in adjacent scintillation crystal by optical transmission window 322 (see Fig. 8 B) by optical sensor
410 receive, and when the response location of γ photon is closer to optical transmission window, the optical photon that optical sensor 410 receives is more, and deposits
In limiting value.The optical signal that optical sensor 430 receives is relatively strong, and the optical signal that optical sensor 410 receives is relatively weak,
And the no signal of optical sensor 420 and 440.It is possible thereby to decode reaction depth according to 210,410,430 signal magnitude of optical sensor.
The third line secondary series (as shown in fig. 10j) uses the first scintillation crystal I, has adjacent with optical sensor 410
Side and the side adjacent with optical sensor 440 open up the first optical transmission window 312 and the second light transmission respectively on the two sides
Window 314 (see Fig. 8 A), therefore use four optical sensors for one group of carry out depth decoding.Specifically, when γ photon this
When reacting in one scintillation crystal I, most optical photons is propagated in first scintillation crystal I, by optical sensor 430,
210 receive, and obtain the two-dimensional position of γ photon.A part of optical photon is injected into adjacent flashing by the first optical transmission window 312
In crystal, received by optical sensor 410；Some optical photon is incident on adjacent flashing by the second optical transmission window 314
In crystal, and received by optical sensor 440.The response location of γ photon is on the window's position, optical sensor 410 and 440
The photon energy received is more.Therefore the optical signal that optical sensor 430 receives is most strong, and optical sensor 410 and 440 can connect
The optical signal being subject to is relatively weak, 420 no signal of optical sensor, it is possible thereby to be believed according to optical sensor 210,410,430,440
Number size decodes reaction depth.
The third line third arranges (as shown in Figure 10 K) and uses the first scintillation crystal I, has adjacent with optical sensor 420
Side and the side adjacent with optical sensor 430 open up the first optical transmission window 312 and the second light transmission respectively on the two sides
Window 314 (see Fig. 8 A), therefore use four optical sensors for one group of carry out depth decoding.Specifically, when γ photon this
When reacting in one scintillation crystal I, most optical photons is propagated in first scintillation crystal I, by optical sensor 440,
210 receive, and obtain the two-dimensional position of γ photon.A part of optical photon is injected into adjacent flashing by the first optical transmission window 312
In crystal, received by optical sensor 420；Some optical photon is incident on adjacent flashing by the second optical transmission window 314
In crystal, and received by optical sensor 430.The response location of γ photon is on the window's position, optical sensor 420 and 430
The photon energy received is more.Therefore the optical signal that optical sensor 440 receives is most strong, and optical sensor 420 and 430 can connect
The optical signal being subject to is relatively weak, 410 no signal of optical sensor, it is possible thereby to be believed according to optical sensor 210,420,430,440
Number size decodes reaction depth.
The third line the 4th arranges (as shown in Figure 10 L) and uses the second scintillation crystal II.Second scintillation crystal II opens up one thoroughly
Light window, therefore be decoded using pairs of optical sensor.It is more when γ photon reacts in the second scintillation crystal II
Several optical photons is propagated in second scintillation crystal II to be received by optical sensor 210,440, is obtained γ photon and is reacted
Two-dimensional position.Small part optical photon is injected in adjacent scintillation crystal by optical transmission window 322 (see Fig. 8 B) by optical sensor
420 receive, and when the response location of γ photon is closer to optical transmission window, the optical photon that optical sensor 420 receives is more, and deposits
In limiting value.The optical signal that optical sensor 440 receives is relatively strong, and the optical signal that optical sensor 420 receives is relatively weak,
And the no signal of optical sensor 410 and 430.It is possible thereby to decode reaction depth according to 210,420,440 signal magnitude of optical sensor.
Fourth line first row (as shown in Figure 10 M) uses third scintillation crystal III.When γ photon is incident on third flashing
In crystal III and when decaying generation visible light subgroup occurs, it is seen that photon group is reflected through reflection layer, travels to third flashing
In the optical sensor 210,430 of crystal III coupling, since third scintillation crystal III does not open up optical transmission window, in ideal only
There is optical sensor 210,430 that can receive optical signal, remaining 410,420,440 no signal of optical sensor, it is possible thereby to according to light
Sensor 210,430 signal magnitudes decode reaction depth.
Fourth line secondary series (as shown in Figure 10 N) uses the second scintillation crystal II.Second scintillation crystal II opens up one thoroughly
Light window, therefore be decoded using pairs of optical sensor.It is more when γ photon reacts in the second scintillation crystal II
Several optical photons is propagated in second scintillation crystal II to be received by optical sensor 210,430, is obtained γ photon and is reacted
Two-dimensional position.Small part optical photon is injected in adjacent scintillation crystal by optical transmission window 322 (see Fig. 8 B) by optical sensor
440 receive, and when the response location of γ photon is closer to optical transmission window, the optical photon that optical sensor 440 receives is more, and deposits
In limiting value.The optical signal that optical sensor 430 receives is relatively strong, and the optical signal that optical sensor 440 receives is relatively weak,
And the no signal of optical sensor 410 and 420.It is possible thereby to decode reaction depth according to 210,430,440 signal magnitude of optical sensor.
Fourth line third arranges (as shown in fig. 10o) using the second scintillation crystal II.Second scintillation crystal II opens up one thoroughly
Light window, therefore be decoded using pairs of optical sensor.It is more when γ photon reacts in the second scintillation crystal II
Several optical photons is propagated in second scintillation crystal II to be received by optical sensor 210,440, is obtained γ photon and is reacted
Two-dimensional position.Small part optical photon is injected in adjacent scintillation crystal by optical transmission window 322 (see Fig. 8 B) by optical sensor
430 receive, and when the response location of γ photon is closer to optical transmission window, the optical photon that optical sensor 430 receives is more, and deposits
In limiting value.The optical signal that optical sensor 440 receives is relatively strong, and the optical signal that optical sensor 430 receives is relatively weak,
And the no signal of optical sensor 410 and 420.It is possible thereby to decode reaction depth according to 210,430,440 signal magnitude of optical sensor.
Fourth line the 4th arranges (as shown in Figure 10 P) and uses third scintillation crystal III.When γ photon is incident on third flashing
In crystal III and when decaying generation visible light subgroup occurs, it is seen that photon group is reflected through reflection layer, travels to third flashing
In the optical sensor 210,440 of crystal III coupling, since third scintillation crystal III does not open up optical transmission window, in ideal only
There is optical sensor 210,440 that can receive optical signal, remaining optical sensor 410-430 no signal, it is possible thereby to according to light sensing
Device 210,440 signal magnitudes decode reaction depth.
Therefore high-energy photon is when being incident on the crystal of different location, five sensors 210,410,420,430,
440 can export the signal of different coding.By comparing the presence or absence of this five sensor signals and size, height can be accurately calculated
Energy photon is incident on the position to react in crystal.
The DOI of each scintillation crystal is decoded using adjacent optical sensor as group, is connect by comparing optical sensor in the group
The light signal strength received carries out the DOI decoding of the scintillation crystal.Therefore, light signal strength marked in table 2 is directed to
For same scintillation crystal, the present invention is not compared and discusses to the light signal strength between different scintillation crystals.
Table 2:
Given above is the embodiment that an optical sensor couples 4 × 4 scintillation crystals, in fact, a light sensing
The structural principle that device couples 4m × 4n (m, n are more than or equal to 2 integer) scintillation crystal is similar, just seldom does herein superfluous
It states.The case where processing mode of detector edge couples 4 scintillation crystals with a sensor is similar, there is following several schemes.
As shown in figure 11, photosensor array 200 size in upper layer is less than scintillation crystal array size 300, lower layer's light sensing
Device array sizes 400 are equal to scintillation crystal array size 300.For scintillation crystal having a size of x × y, crystal array size is M × N；Light
Size sensor is 4x × 4y, and lower layer's photosensor array size is (M/4) × (N/4), and upper layer photosensor array size is
(M/4-1)×(N/4-1).The detector of this kind of structure is due to one layer of scintillation crystal of outermost only single-port-coupled, therefore scintillation crystal
The scintillation crystal of array center can be realized simultaneously position decoding and depth decoding, peripheral scintillation crystal only position decoding.
Detector shown in detector and Figure 11 shown in Figure 12 has same structure: only with a kind of size
Optical sensor.For scintillation crystal having a size of x × y, scintillation crystal array size is M × N；Photosensor size is 4x × 4y.Institute is not
With edge processing mode is had any different, and be embodied in: photosensor array 200 size in upper layer is equal to scintillation crystal array size
300,400 size of lower layer's photosensor array is greater than scintillation crystal array size 300, and 400 size of lower layer's photosensor array is
(M/4+1) × (N/4+1), 200 size of upper layer photosensor array are (M/4) × (N/4).In the embodiment, all flashings are brilliant
Body is able to achieve position decoding and depth decoding.
Detector shown in detector and Figure 11 shown in Figure 13 has same structure: lower layer's photosensor array
400 sizes are equal to scintillation crystal array size 300, and for scintillation crystal having a size of x × y, scintillation crystal array size is M × N, and light passes
Sensor is having a size of 4x × 4y.The difference is that edge processing mode is had any different, be embodied in: upper layer photosensor array 200 uses
The optical sensor (optical sensor having a size of 2x × 2y and the optical sensor having a size of 4x × 4y) of two kinds of sizes, upper layer light sensing
200 size of device array is equal to scintillation crystal array size 300, and 400 size of lower layer's photosensor array is M/4 × N/4, multiple rulers
The very little optical sensor for being 4x × 4y constitutes the array that size is (M/4-1) × (N/4-1) and couples with scintillation crystal array center, ruler
The very little optical sensor for 2x × 2y is coupled with one layer of scintillation crystal of scintillation crystal array periphery.In the embodiment, all flashings
Crystal is able to achieve position decoding and depth decoding.
Detector shown in detector and Figure 11 shown in Figure 14 has same structure: lower layer's photosensor array
400 sizes are equal to scintillation crystal array size 300, and for scintillation crystal having a size of x × y, scintillation crystal array size is M × N, and light passes
Sensor is having a size of 4x × 4y.The difference is that edge processing mode is had any different, be embodied in: upper layer photosensor array 200 uses
The optical sensor (optical sensor having a size of x × y and the optical sensor having a size of 4x × 4y) of two kinds of sizes, upper layer optical sensor
200 size of array is equal to scintillation crystal array size 300, and 400 size of lower layer's photosensor array is M/4 × N/4, multiple sizes
The array that optical sensor composition size for 4x × 4y is (M/4-1) × (N/4-1) is coupled with scintillation crystal array center, size
It is coupled for the optical sensor of x × y with one layer of scintillation crystal of scintillation crystal array periphery.In the embodiment, all scintillation crystals
It is able to achieve position decoding and depth decoding.
It should be noted that in the structure shown in Figure 14, when the edge sensor of selection is having a size of (the side herein x × y
Edge sensor refers to the optical sensor coupled with one layer of scintillation crystal of scintillation crystal array periphery), edge sensor and flashing
The one-to-one coupling of crystal can directly decode the response location of γ photon by judging the energy of sensor.In the knot shown in Figure 13
In structure, when the edge sensor of selection is having a size of 2x × 2y, since the single sensor in edge couples four scintillation crystals, then locate
Two layers of crystal array at edge also needs to open up optical transmission window to obtain more accurately position decoding and depth decoding.It " opens
The arrangement mode of window " scintillation crystal is not unique, guarantees that each scintillation crystal has light distribution uniqueness.Figure 15 A and figure
15B shows the arrangement mode of two kinds of " windowing " scintillation crystals, in fact, there are also other arrangement modes also can achieve it is close
Effect just it is not repeated more herein since its principle is similar.
It is opened up in optical transmission window embodiment on both-end sensor Heterogeneous Permutation binding crystal provided above surface, a light
Sensor couples 4 × 4 scintillation crystals.In fact, more scintillation crystals or less scintillation crystal, example can also be coupled
Such as couple 2 × 3 (6), 2 × 4 (8), 2 × 5 (10), 2 × 6 (12), 3 × 3 (9), 3 × 4 (12), 3 × 5 (15
It is a), 3 × 6 (18), 4 × 5 (20), 4 × 6 (24), 5 × 5 (25), 5 × 6 (30), 6 × 6 (36) scintillation crystals
Totally 15 kinds of combinations.
Figure 16 A to Figure 16 D shows several more typical combinations.Wherein, Figure 16 A shows single light sensing
Device couples 2 × 3 (6) scintillation crystals, and for scintillation crystal having a size of x × y, photosensor size is 3x × 2y, and upper layer and lower layer light passes
Sensor array misplace in the X direction x, misplace y in the Y direction, that is, dislocation one scintillation crystal distance；Figure 16 B is shown individually
Optical sensor couples 3 × 3 (9) scintillation crystals, and for scintillation crystal having a size of x × y, photosensor size is 3x × 3y, and upper and lower two
Layer photosensor array misplace in the X direction x, misplace y in the Y direction, that is, dislocation one scintillation crystal distance；Shown in Figure 16 C
It is that single optical sensor couples 4 × 5 (20) scintillation crystals, for scintillation crystal having a size of x × y, photosensor size is 5x × 4y,
Upper layer and lower layer photosensor array misplace in the X direction 2x, misplace 2y in the Y direction, that is, dislocation 2 scintillation crystal distances；Figure
16D shows that single optical sensor couples 6 × 6 (36) scintillation crystals, and scintillation crystal is having a size of x × y, photosensor size
For 6x × 6y, upper layer and lower layer photosensor array misplace in the X direction 3x, misplace 3y in the Y direction, that is, 3 scintillation crystals of dislocation
Distance.The discrete crystal quantity of single optical sensor coupling is different, and the arrangement of optical transmission window is not also identical.Also, each group
The arrangement of the corresponding optical transmission window of conjunction scheme be not it is unique, Figure 16 A to Figure 16 B be only list it is one such.
It should be noted that either which kind of combination, the processing mode of detector edge couple 4 with a sensor
The case where a scintillation crystal, is all similar, does not just repeat one by one herein.
Related upper layer and lower layer photosensor array shifts to install, and Figure 16 A- Figure 16 D respectively illustrates one flashing of dislocation
Crystal distance, the embodiment of two scintillation crystal distances and three scintillation crystal distances.Again refering to fig. 1 shown in 2, Figure 12
It is that single optical sensor couples 4 × 4 (16) scintillation crystals, for scintillation crystal having a size of x × y, photosensor size is 4x × 4y,
Upper layer and lower layer photosensor array misplace in the X direction 2x, misplace 2y in the Y direction, that is, dislocation two scintillation crystal distances.Its
Remaining detector upper layer and lower layer photosensor array shifts to install situation and sees table 3.
Table 3
As can be seen from the above Table 2, when single optical sensor couples n1×n2A scintillation crystal (n1And n2For more than or equal to 2
Positive integer less than or equal to 6, and n2More than or equal to n1) when, upper layer and lower layer photosensor array is wrong in the first dislocation direction and second
Misplace M scintillation crystal distance and N number of scintillation crystal distance respectively on the direction of position, and wherein M is less than or equal to n1/ 2 positive integer,
N is less than or equal to n2/ 2 positive integer.
It should be understood that the side length one for being not required for optical sensor in text is set to x times of scintillation crystal side length, certain
It is slightly less than in range also possible, it is only necessary to which when guaranteeing composition array, the centers of equidirectional upper adjacent photosensors is away from for phase
Adjacent scintillation crystal center away from x times.It is dodged likewise, the upper layer and lower layer sensor array referred in text is listed in X-direction and misplaces x
Bright crystal distance, misplace y scintillation crystal distance in the Y direction, it is not required that the distance one of dislocation is set to the x of scintillation crystal side length
Times or y times, since the distance that has certain intervals to be used to fill reflecting material, therefore misplace between adjacent scintillation crystal is slightly larger than flashing
X times or y times of crystal side length.
Detector of the invention has the advantage that relative to traditional single-ended or both-end detector
(1) structure is simple, does not need light guide
Conventional detector uses the lesser scintillation crystal of size, optical sensor to obtain higher position decoding precision
It can not correspond and couple with crystal, therefore increase by one layer of light guide between optical sensor and scintillation crystal, it is seen that photon passes through light
It is received after leading by optical sensor.And the present invention can achieve together using the dislocation of photosensor array and the method for optical window
The decoding precision of sample, but additional photoconductive layer is not needed, detector structure is basic, and no change has taken place, reduces and increases structure
Error influences.
(2) has higher DOI decoding precision
The present invention opens up optical transmission window at the certain altitude of scintillation crystal plated film side, and the reaction depth of γ photon is from light transmission
Window is closer, and the visible light subnumber for being transferred to adjacent scintillation crystal is more, can by the ratio that adjacent photosensors receive energy
To be accurately positioned the reaction depth of γ photon.Meanwhile present invention preserves the function of double-end measurement reaction depth, two schemes phases
Mutually correct available one higher DOI decoding precision.
(3) has higher position decoding ability
Highest of the present invention extends to single optical sensor and couples 6 × 6 (36) scintillation crystals, when the size of optical sensor
When for 3mm, corresponding scintillation crystal size is lower than 0.5mm.Therefore, the position decoding precision lower than 0.5mm may be implemented in detector,
Has higher position decoding ability.
(4) have high performance time measurement potentiality
Traditional both-end read detector decodes the anti-of γ photon by the difference that two end sensor of crystal receives energy
Depth is answered, when the reflectivity of plane of crystal reflectance coating is very high, it is seen that photon is absorbed less in communication process, finally
Both ends sensor difference signal is little, causes depth decoding precision lower.Therefore, traditional both-end read detector requires crystal side
The reflectance coating that face is coated with has a suitable reflectivity, is absorbed optical photon a part during propagation.This makes
It is reduced at the light output of crystal, detector time performance is poor.Detector of the invention is anti-using optical window subsidiary
Depth is answered, most of photon is received by sensor, has certain help to the promotion of detector temporal resolution.
The present invention has been explained by the above embodiments, but it is to be understood that, above-described embodiment is only intended to
The purpose of citing and explanation, is not intended to limit the invention to the scope of the described embodiments.Furthermore those skilled in the art
It is understood that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, introduction according to the present invention can also be made more kinds of member
Variants and modifications, all fall within the scope of the claimed invention for these variants and modifications.Protection scope of the present invention by
The appended claims and its equivalent scope are defined.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of for emitting the detector of imaging device characterized by comprising
Scintillation crystal array, with opposite first end face and second end face, the scintillation crystal array includes multiple flashings
Crystal；
First photosensor array is coupled to the first end face of the scintillation crystal array, first optical sensor
Array includes multiple optical sensors, at least one of the multiple optical sensor of first photosensor array difference coupling
Conjunction has multiple scintillation crystals；
Second photosensor array is coupled to the second end face of the scintillation crystal array, second optical sensor
Array includes multiple optical sensors, at least one of the multiple optical sensor of second photosensor array difference coupling
Conjunction has multiple scintillation crystals；
Wherein, first photosensor array and the second photosensor array Heterogeneous Permutation；
The face of the multiple scintillation crystal not coupled with the optical sensor is provided with reflection layer, and in the face with phase
Optical transmission window is provided in the reflection layer in the adjacent face of the scintillation crystal of adjacent optical sensor coupling；
It is located at the m of central area in first photosensor array/second photosensor array1×m2A optical sensor
It is coupled with n1×n2A scintillation crystal, wherein m1、m2For positive integer, n1And n2For more than or equal to 2 be less than or equal to 6 positive integer,
And n2More than or equal to n1；
Relatively described second photosensor array of first photosensor array has the first dislocation direction and the second dislocation side
To first photosensor array relatively described second light on first dislocation direction and second dislocation direction passes
Sensor array misplaces M scintillation crystal distance and N number of scintillation crystal distance respectively, and wherein M is less than or equal to n1/ 2 positive integer,
N is less than or equal to n2/ 2 positive integer.
2. detector as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the size of the scintillation crystal array is less than or equal to described
The size of second photosensor array.
3. detector as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the size of first photosensor array is less than the sudden strain of a muscle
The size of bright crystal array, the size of the scintillation crystal array are equal to the size of second photosensor array, the sudden strain of a muscle
The size of bright crystal is x × y, and the scintillation crystal array size is A × B, and the light of first photosensor array passes
The size of the optical sensor of sensor and second photosensor array is all n2x×n1Y, the second optical sensor battle array
Column size is C × D, and the first photosensor array size is (C-1) × (D-1), wherein C A/n1Integer, D B/n2
Integer.
4. detector as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the size of first photosensor array is equal to the sudden strain of a muscle
The size of bright crystal array, the size of the scintillation crystal array are less than the size of second photosensor array, the sudden strain of a muscle
The size of bright crystal is x × y, and the scintillation crystal array size is A × B, and the light of first photosensor array passes
The size of the optical sensor of sensor and second photosensor array is all n2x×n1Y, the second optical sensor battle array
Column size is (C+1) × (D+1), and the first photosensor array size is C × D, wherein C A/n1Integer, D B/n2
Integer.
5. detector as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the size of first photosensor array is equal to the sudden strain of a muscle
The size of bright crystal array, the size of the scintillation crystal array are equal to the size of second photosensor array, the sudden strain of a muscle
The size of bright crystal is x × y, and the scintillation crystal array size is A × B, and the light of second photosensor array passes
The size of sensor is n2x×n1Y, the second photosensor array size are C × D, wherein C A/n1Integer, D B/n2
Integer, the optical sensor in first photosensor array includes the first optical sensor and position positioned at central area
In the second optical sensor of peripheral region, the size of first optical sensor is n2x×n1Y and composition (C-1) × (D-1) battle array
Column, the size of second optical sensor are n4x×n3Y, wherein n4For less than or equal to n2/ 2 positive integer, n3For less than or equal to
n1/ 2 positive integer.
6. detector as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the multiple scintillation crystal includes the first scintillation crystal, institute
State two faces that the first scintillation crystal has the first scintillation crystal coupled with adjacent optical sensor adjacent, the optical transmission window
Including the first optical transmission window and the second optical transmission window, it is separately positioned on the light reflection in described two faces of first scintillation crystal
In layer, to allow light to be received by adjacent optical sensor.
7. detector as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that the multiple scintillation crystal further includes the second scintillation crystal,
The face that second scintillation crystal has the scintillation crystal coupled with adjacent optical sensor adjacent, second flashing are brilliant
One face of body is provided with the optical transmission window, to allow light to be received by adjacent optical sensor.
8. the detector as described in any one of claim 1-7, which is characterized in that the multiple scintillation crystal includes third
Scintillation crystal, the third scintillation crystal have coupling uniqueness, the third scintillation crystal not with adjacent optical sensor coupling
The scintillation crystal of conjunction is adjacent, and the third scintillation crystal is located at the vertex of the scintillation crystal array, and/or is located at middle area
The intermediate region of the optical sensor in domain.
9. a kind of transmitting imaging device, which is characterized in that the transmitting imaging device includes such as any one of claim 1-8 institute
The detector stated.
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| CN201710414297.XA CN107121692B (en) | 2017-06-05 | 2017-06-05 | Detector and transmitting imaging device with the detector |
| PCT/CN2018/089753 WO2018223918A1 (en) | 2017-06-05 | 2018-06-04 | Detector and emission imaging device having same |
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| CN201710414297.XA CN107121692B (en) | 2017-06-05 | 2017-06-05 | Detector and transmitting imaging device with the detector |
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| CN107272043B (en) | 2017-06-05 | 2019-06-04 | 中派科技（深圳）有限责任公司 | Detector and transmitting imaging device with the detector |
| CN107121692B (en) * | 2017-06-05 | 2019-07-26 | 中派科技（深圳）有限责任公司 | Detector and transmitting imaging device with the detector |
| CN107874773B (en) * | 2017-10-16 | 2020-12-08 | 中派科技（深圳）有限责任公司 | Photon detection method, device, equipment and system and storage medium |
| CN108132483B (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2020-10-23 | 中派科技（深圳）有限责任公司 | Detector for positron emission imaging apparatus and positron emission imaging apparatus |
| CN110389373B (en) * | 2018-04-23 | 2022-12-09 | 中派科技（深圳）有限责任公司 | Crystal module, detector and high-degree decoding method thereof |
| CN108614286A (en) * | 2018-05-14 | 2018-10-02 | 中国科学院高能物理研究所 | A kind of flash detection method with three-dimensional position resolution capability |
| CN108957517A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-12-07 | 中派科技（深圳）有限责任公司 | Detector and Positron emission tomography equipment for Positron emission tomography equipment |
| CN110368014B (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2023-10-31 | 沈阳智核医疗科技有限公司 | Crystal array for a PET detector, detector ring and PET detector |
| CN110376633A (en) | 2019-07-19 | 2019-10-25 | 东软医疗***股份有限公司 | Medical probe and medical imaging device |
| CN114910946A (en) * | 2022-04-11 | 2022-08-16 | 苏州瑞派宁科技有限公司 | Spatially encoded crystal array, detector, method, apparatus and storage medium |
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| US7378659B2 (en) * | 2005-03-04 | 2008-05-27 | General Electric Company | Systems and methods to localize optical emission in radiation detectors |
| US7482593B2 (en) * | 2005-10-20 | 2009-01-27 | The Research Foundation Of State University Of New York | Method to determine the depth-of-interaction function for PET detectors |
| GB201004923D0 (en) * | 2010-03-24 | 2010-05-12 | Sensl Technologies Ltd | Compact method for medical detection |
| JP5630756B2 (en) * | 2010-03-29 | 2014-11-26 | 独立行政法人放射線医学総合研究所 | Three-dimensional radiation position detector and detection position specifying method thereof |
| EP2707751A2 (en) * | 2011-05-10 | 2014-03-19 | Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen Universitätsklinikum | Gamma detector based on geigermode avalanche photodiodes |
| CN104166151B (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2017-04-12 | 北京永新医疗设备有限公司 | PET detection module, PET detector and PET system |
| WO2016062799A1 (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2016-04-28 | Petsys Electronics, Medical Pet Detectors, Sa | Detector component for an x-ray or gamma ray detector |
| CN104793231B (en) * | 2015-05-13 | 2018-04-27 | 北京永新医疗设备有限公司 | Gamma ray imaging detector and there is its gamma ray imaging detector system |
| CN107121692B (en) * | 2017-06-05 | 2019-07-26 | 中派科技（深圳）有限责任公司 | Detector and transmitting imaging device with the detector |
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