CN105092617A - Bimodal molecular imaging system based on X-ray energy spectrum CT and X-ray fluorescence CT technology - Google Patents
Bimodal molecular imaging system based on X-ray energy spectrum CT and X-ray fluorescence CT technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a bimodal molecular imaging system based on the X-ray energy spectrum CT and X-ray fluorescence CT technology, and belongs to the technical field of X-ray detection and imaging. The imaging system comprises a ray source, an X-ray energy resolution photon counting detector and an X-ray fluorescence detector. A multi-color microfocus X-ray source is adopted as a ray source of the imaging system, X-ray beams are provided for X-ray energy spectrum CT and X-ray fluorescence CT imaging at the same time, and accordingly the imaging system has the X-ray energy spectrum CT imaging function and the X-ray fluorescence CT imaging function. The imaging system can well solve the problem that the contrast ratio of medical CT images of different kinds of soft tissue is poor, and the structure based on the X-CT technology and the functional imaging effect can be improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to X-ray detection and technical field of imaging, relate to a kind of bimodal molecular imaging system based on X-ray energy spectrum CT and XRF CT technology.
Background technology
The world that is biological and medical science is drive on boldly to molecule, and Molecular imaging techniques has become one of the study hotspot in current Biologic Medical Image field.X ray computer tomography technology (X-rayComputedTomography, X-CT), as a kind of molecular imaging means, plays very important effect to the diagnosis of some medical conditions.Current micron X-CT or nanometer X-CT technology reach molecular level in spatial resolution, but it is lower to the image contrast of biomedical soft tissue, limit its application in 26S Proteasome Structure and Function imaging.
Existing medical science X-CT technology or system, its detector is integrated by the x-ray photon of different-energy to receive (integral measurement), so reflection is X ray average attenuation characteristic, cause the image contrast difference that the CT image after reconstruction is difficult to distinguish different soft tissue.In recent years, there is a kind of novel X-ray energy resolving photon counting detector technologies in X-ray detection field, this detector technology can differentiate the heterogeneous X-ray power spectrum that common x-ray source produces, and the x-ray photon of different-energy can be carried out detecting (differential measurement technology) according to different-energy section.CT technology based on X-ray energy resolving photon digital detector is called X-ray energy spectrum CT (SpectralCT), and it can provide more cognitive information to go analysis of material physical property.Although the similar density between biomedical soft tissue, the X ray for different-energy has different absorption characteristics.Especially, by the K-edge characteristic of contrast preparation, select suitable energy section to carry out imaging, fully can improve the different soft tissue contrast difference of medicine CT image.
Meanwhile, people begin one's study XRF information to solve the qualitative and quantitative analysis problem of material, and thus, a kind of novel X-CT technology---XRF CT arises at the historic moment.XRF CT is the combination of X-ray fluorescence method and CT technology, it utilizes incident X-rays to excite sample interior high atomic number element to be measured to send fluorescence, by the detection to outgoing fluorescence, in conjunction with specific method for reconstructing, surveyed element kind can not only be distinguished, simultaneously the space distribution of accurate reconstruction element to be measured and concentration.XRF CT technology has the advantage of its uniqueness in the space distribution and concentration of measuring element to be measured, can promote the application of X-CT technology in molecular function imaging.Especially, binding molecule targeted therapy technology, by the distribution of detection target and enrichment degree, contributes to the research to molecular pathogenesis.
The appearance of X-ray energy spectrum CT and XRF CT, undoubtedly, has revolutionary significance to the development of X-CT imaging technique.Based on this, design a kind of bimodal molecular imaging method based on X-ray energy spectrum CT and XRF CT technology or technology, a kind of feasible scheme is provided for solving the problems such as the different soft tissue contrast of medicine CT image is poor, improve the 26S Proteasome Structure and Function imaging effect based on X-CT technology, become the problem that the present invention pays close attention to.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of bimodal molecular imaging system based on X-ray energy spectrum CT and XRF CT technology, this imaging system can solve the problems such as the different soft tissue contrast of medicine CT image is poor, can improve the 26S Proteasome Structure and Function imaging effect based on X-CT technology.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides following technical scheme:
A kind of bimodal molecular imaging system based on X-ray energy spectrum CT and XRF CT technology, this imaging system comprises: radiographic source, an X-ray energy resolving photon digital detector and an XRF detector, the radiographic source of this imaging system adopts the Microfocus X-ray X source of a polychrome, can simultaneously for X-ray energy spectrum CT and XRF CT imaging provide X-ray beam, thus this system be made to have X-ray energy spectrum CT imaging function and XRF CT imaging function.
Further, in described imaging system, X-ray energy spectrum CT detector adopts the X-ray energy resolving photon digital detector of high resolving power face battle array, ensure that contrast and the spatial resolution of structure imaging.
Further, adopt the X-ray energy spectrum CT image reconstruction algorithm based on compressed sensing, with suppress rebuild X-ray energy spectrum CT image in noise and artifact.
Further, in described imaging system, XRF CT detector adopts high precision list pixel X-fluorescence detector, contributes to the space distribution and the concentration that measure sample interior element.
Further, adopt the XRF CT image reconstruction algorithm based on compressed sensing, thus not only can suppress the noise in XRF CT image, and when sparse sampling, the XRF CT image of better quality can be reconstructed.
Further, this imaging system is in structure imaging, adopt X-ray energy spectrum CT, in conjunction with contrast imaging technology, by radiography material K-edge characteristic, select suitable imaging energy window to carry out imaging, thus ensureing that different soft-tissue imaging contrast difference is maximized while, improve the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of imaging.
Further, this imaging system is in functional imaging, based on XRF CT, by the nano particle analyzing molecules targeting specific of high atomic number element, the characteristic fluorescence information excited after identifying element to be measured and X ray effect, final concentration and the space distribution situation measuring tested element in biosome.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: the bimodal molecular imaging system based on X-ray energy spectrum CT and XRF CT technology provided by the invention, not only improves X-CT structure imaging effect, and contributes to promoting the application of X-CT in functional imaging.Utilize X-ray energy spectrum CT to carry out structure imaging, not only by contrast preparation density feature, and the K-edge characteristic giving full play to contrast preparation carries out imaging, achieves the high-contrast image of different soft tissue.And under the prerequisite of contrast preparation low dosage or low concentration, improve the imaging effect of contrast preparation.Utilize XRF CT to carry out functional imaging, analyze the targeting specific of golden nanometer particle to tissue, cell, binding molecule targeted therapy technology, the distribution of detection target and enrichment degree, contribute to the Diagnosis and Treat of medical conditions.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect clearly, the invention provides following accompanying drawing and being described:
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is imaging analysis process flow diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail.
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention, and the present invention has two kinds of imaging functions: X-ray energy spectrum CT imaging function and XRF CT imaging function.Radiographic source adopts the Microfocus X-ray X source of polychrome, can simultaneously for X-ray energy spectrum CT and XRF CT imaging provide X-ray beam.X-ray energy spectrum CT detector adopts the X-ray energy resolving photon digital detector of face battle array, ensure that contrast and the spatial resolution of structure imaging.XRF CT detector adopts single pixel X-fluorescence detector advanced at present, the sensitivity that this detection utensil is higher and larger dynamic range, contributes to the space distribution and the concentration that measure sample interior element.According to bimodal imaging characteristics, the mechanical scanner of design CT imaging system.
The x-ray photon Limited Number that X-ray energy spectrum CT system detects in specific X-ray energy scope, containing more quantum noise in data for projection.Utilize based on the X-ray energy spectrum CT image reconstruction algorithm of compressed sensing, to suppress noise in the X-ray energy spectrum CT image rebuild and artifact.XRF signal is fainter, and detection data is easily affected by noise.Single pixel X-fluorescence detector causes CT scan efficiency lower, utilize the XRF CT image reconstruction algorithm based on compressed sensing, not only can suppress the noise in XRF CT image, and when sparse sampling, the XRF CT image of better quality can be reconstructed.
The present invention, in structure imaging research, adopts X-ray energy spectrum CT, in conjunction with contrast imaging technology, by radiography material K-edge characteristic, selects suitable imaging energy window to carry out imaging.Ensureing that different soft-tissue imaging contrast difference is maximized while, improve the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of imaging; In functional imaging research, based on XRF CT, by the nano particle analyzing molecules targeting specific of high atomic number element, the characteristic fluorescence information excited after identifying element to be measured and X ray effect, final concentration and the space distribution situation measuring tested element in biosome.Fig. 2 is imaging analysis process flow diagram of the present invention.
In the present embodiment, the present invention detects and imaging technique condition from existing X-ray energy spectrum and XRF, carries out the experiment of bimodal molecular imaging.Specifically describe as follows:
One, the bimodal molecular imaging device based on X-ray energy spectrum CT and XRF CT technology builds:
1) in X-ray energy spectrum CT imaging system design, the Medipix third generation X-ray energy resolving photon digital detector of European atomic energy research establishment recent development selected by detector, this planar array detector for detecting material, has higher energy detection scope and resolution with cadmium telluride (CdTe).Each probe unit under single exposure, can record the x-ray photon number of 8 energy sections simultaneously, therefore, can meet the requirement of X-CT in structure imaging research completely.
2) in XRF CT imaging system design, adopt advanced single pixel X fluorescence spectrometer (the XR-100T-CdTeX fluorescent probe that Amptek company of the U.S. produces) as the detector of XRF CT imaging system, this detector has higher-energy resolution characteristic, can detecting x-ray fluorescent photon preferably, and detection performance is stablized.
3) whole system mainly comprises: radiographic source, an X-ray energy resolving photon digital detector and an XRF detector.Wherein, X-ray energy spectrum CT and XRF CT imaging system will share a polychromatic x-ray source, and radiographic source is intended adopting shore pine L9631 Microfocus X-ray polychromatic x-ray source.X-ray energy resolving photon digital detector, inspected object and radiographic source are placed in line, utilize the X-ray attenuation information of different-energy to complete X-ray energy spectrum CT imaging.XRF detector is in line to inspected object, and be 90 ° with X-ray energy resolving photon digital detector to the straight angle of inspected object, finally, the fluorescence information excited after utilizing X ray and object effect completes XRF CT imaging.
4) because XRF CT detection system is single pixel detector, the present invention adopts generation CT scan pattern, by detector move step by step to obtain whole beam projection data, by turntable, multi-angle scanning is rotated to detecting object, and then realized fluorescence CT imaging.In conjunction with existing shaping high precision CT scan turntable, by the rotation of three groups of Electric Machine Control inspected object, the translation of face battle array X-ray energy resolving photon digital detector and single pixel X-fluorescence detector.For this CT imaging platform, LabVIEW is utilized to develop special Data Acquisition and Conversion System (DACS) software.
Two, X-ray energy spectrum CT and XRF CT image reconstruction algorithm:
1) the x-ray photon Limited Number that detects in specific X-ray energy scope of X-ray energy spectrum CT imaging system, containing more quantum noise in data for projection.Carry out CT image reconstruction with these data, often there is comparatively serious artifact and noise.Thus, the present invention adopts a kind of X-ray energy spectrum CT image reconstruction algorithm---Split-bregman method based on compressed sensing, and this algorithm characteristic is accelerating iterative convergence speed while, can effectively suppress to rebuild the noise in image and artifact.
2) in XRF CT image reconstruction algorithm is analyzed, for making up the inefficiency problem that generation CT scan mode is brought, overcome by sparse sampling.But the minimizing of data for projection certainly will bring reconstruction error, few reconstructs projection data problems demand solves.XRF signal is relatively faint, is subject to the interference of noise signal, causes detection data to comprise more noise.Comprehensive above factor, the present invention adopts based on image total variation (TotalVariation, TV) greatest hope (ExpectationMaximization, EM) CT image reconstruction algorithm, the advantage of the method can effectively suppress to rebuild the noise in image and artifact, and can reconstruct the CT image of better quality when sparse sampling.
Three, the bimodal molecular imaging towards toy is tested:
1) the X-ray energy spectrum CT structure imaging based on contrast preparation K-edge characteristic is tested.K-edge is a physical phenomenon, is also K-edge.Along with the increase of X-ray energy, the attenuation coefficient of X ray to material reduces gradually, but material absorbs large especially to the x-ray photon under certain particular energy, cause the unexpected increase of x-ray photon attenuation coefficient, this increase along with energy, the phenomenon that X-ray attenuation coefficient suddenly increases, is called K-edge.Therefore, this characteristic very large of X-ray attenuation difference of coefficients before and after contrast preparation K-edge can be utilized, select suitable X ray energy window to carry out imaging, improve known materials image contrast difference with this.Therefore, the present invention studies injection contrast preparation (iodine solution) toy, utilizes X-ray energy spectrum CT, by means of the K-edge characteristic of iodine solution, choose best imaging energy window and carry out structure imaging, improve different biologic soft tissue region contrast difference in CT image reconstruction.
2) functional imaging based on XRF CT is tested.Utilize nano Au particle (GoldNano-particles:GNPs) to the targeting specific of tissue, cell, the multi-fluorescence information that in Analysis of X ray and petty action object, nano Au particle brings out after interacting, measure concentration and the distribution situation of ratio, flux and the nano Au particle between the spectral distribution scope of outgoing fluorescence, each fluorescence signal, probe into the life mechanism of toy with this.
What finally illustrate is, above preferred embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention and unrestricted, although by above preferred embodiment to invention has been detailed description, but those skilled in the art are to be understood that, various change can be made to it in the form and details, and not depart from claims of the present invention limited range.
Claims (7)
1. the bimodal molecular imaging system based on X-ray energy spectrum CT and XRF CT technology, it is characterized in that: this imaging system comprises: radiographic source, an X-ray energy resolving photon digital detector and an XRF detector, the radiographic source of this imaging system adopts the Microfocus X-ray X source of a polychrome, can simultaneously for X-ray energy spectrum CT and XRF CT imaging provide X-ray beam, thus this system be made to have X-ray energy spectrum CT imaging function and XRF CT imaging function.
2. a kind of bimodal molecular imaging system based on X-ray energy spectrum CT and XRF CT technology according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described imaging system, X-ray energy spectrum CT detector adopts the X-ray energy resolving photon digital detector of high resolving power face battle array, ensure that contrast and the spatial resolution of structure imaging.
3. a kind of bimodal molecular imaging system based on X-ray energy spectrum CT and XRF CT technology according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: adopt the X-ray energy spectrum CT image reconstruction algorithm based on compressed sensing, the noise in the X-ray energy spectrum CT image rebuild and artifact can be suppressed.
4. a kind of bimodal molecular imaging system based on X-ray energy spectrum CT and XRF CT technology according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described imaging system, XRF CT detector adopts single pixel high precision X-fluorescence detector, contributes to the space distribution and the concentration that measure sample interior element.
5. a kind of bimodal molecular imaging system based on X-ray energy spectrum CT and XRF CT technology according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: adopt the XRF CT image reconstruction algorithm based on compressed sensing, not only can suppress the noise in XRF CT image, and when sparse sampling, the XRF CT image of better quality can be reconstructed.
6. a kind of bimodal molecular imaging system based on X-ray energy spectrum CT and XRF CT technology according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: this imaging system is in structure imaging, adopt X-ray energy spectrum CT, in conjunction with contrast imaging technology, by radiography material K-edge characteristic, select suitable imaging energy window to carry out imaging, thus ensureing that different soft-tissue imaging contrast difference is maximized while, improve the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of imaging.
7. a kind of bimodal molecular imaging system based on X-ray energy spectrum CT and XRF CT technology according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: this imaging system is in functional imaging, based on XRF CT, by the nano particle analyzing molecules targeting specific of high atomic number element, the characteristic fluorescence information excited after identifying element to be measured and X ray effect, final concentration and the space distribution situation measuring tested element in biosome.
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