CN105091850B - New geodetic datum networking method - Google Patents

New geodetic datum networking method Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN105091850B
CN105091850B CN201510044705.8A CN201510044705A CN105091850B CN 105091850 B CN105091850 B CN 105091850B CN 201510044705 A CN201510044705 A CN 201510044705A CN 105091850 B CN105091850 B CN 105091850B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
mrow
msub
data
observation
gravity
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN201510044705.8A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN105091850A (en
Inventor
郭春喜
聂建亮
马新莹
李春晓
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Center For Geodetic Data Processing National Administration Of Surveying Mapping And Geoinformation
Original Assignee
Center For Geodetic Data Processing National Administration Of Surveying Mapping And Geoinformation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Center For Geodetic Data Processing National Administration Of Surveying Mapping And Geoinformation filed Critical Center For Geodetic Data Processing National Administration Of Surveying Mapping And Geoinformation
Priority to CN201510044705.8A priority Critical patent/CN105091850B/en
Publication of CN105091850A publication Critical patent/CN105091850A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN105091850B publication Critical patent/CN105091850B/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
    • G01C15/14—Artificial horizons
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Position Fixing By Use Of Radio Waves (AREA)
  • Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of new geodetic datum networking method, step is：GNSS level gravimetric observation pier construction；GNSS, level, gravimetric network data acquisition and procession：GNSS observations are observed according to global positioning system specifications of surveys, and the measurement of the level is observed data acquisition according to national first and second order leveling criterion, gravity measurement according to national GRAVITY CONTROL specifications of surveys；Data establish area's Centimeter Level high accuracy geoid model in all parts of the country, continent velocity field model, national surface subsidence dynamic model, foundation and maintenance applied to modern geodetic datum, it is simple in structure, pass through GNSS, level, gravimetric network juxtaposition, high-precision quasigeoid, continent velocity field model, land subsidence model can be established, precision brings up to Centimeter Level, realize that modern geodetic datum is established and safeguarded, geological disaster and geographical national conditions monitoring means are further enriched, achievees the purpose that synergy.

Description

New geodetic datum networking method
Technical field
The present invention relates to Geodetic Technique field, more particularly to a kind of new geodetic datum networking method.
Background technology
China has vast territory, with a varied topography, is a geological disaster prone country, caused by geological disaster in 2013 directly Economic loss reaches 10,200,000,000 yuan.Therefore, more phase multi-source basic datas such as GNSS, level, gravity are comprehensively utilized, are controlled by GNSS The juxtapositions such as net processed, vertical reference, gravimetric network, being capable of the change of inverting underground water amount of storage, ice using juxtaposed more phase data are netted more Snow melt, Lake water quantity change etc., establish national geoid model, continent velocity field model, national surface subsidence mould Type, realizes the problem of foundation of modern geodetic datum service system and maintenance are geodesic survey urgent need to resolve, establishes national ground Sedimentation dynamic model is the fundamental requirement for implementing national hazards control strategy.
With the development of the social economy, the progress of scientific and technological level, wireless communication technique and GPS (GPS) The every aspect that technology is increasingly being applied to daily life starts.Security monitoring and maintenance either in every respect, nothing Line communicates (GSM) and DGPS technologies have played important function.Cordless communication network coverage based on GSM is big, and cost is low.It is single Only GPS system, the vehicle of gsm system and personnel complete vehicle by the mobile phone user of radio satellite positioning and communicating link With the monitoring transmission positional information of personnel.
The basic principle of GNSS is to measure the satellite of known location the distance between to receiver user, and then synthesis is more The data of satellite just may know that the specific location of receiver.Reach this purpose, the position of satellite can according to it is spaceborne when The time that clock is recorded finds in satellite ephemeris.
Made rapid progress and application popularization with GPS technology, its effect in city survey are more and more important.When Before, the continuous operation satellite positioning established using more base station network RTK technologies services integrated system (Continuous Operational Reference System, are abbreviated as CORS) become one of Hot spots for development of GPS Urban application.CORS System is that the high and new technologies such as satellite positioning tech, computer networking technology, digital communication technology are multi-faceted, production of depth crystallization Thing.CORS systems are applied by base station net, data processing centre, data transmission system, location navigation data broadcasting system, user Five parts of system form, and are linked into an integrated entity, are formed special by data transmission system between each base station and monitoring analysis center Network.
With developing rapidly for domestic and international CORS systems, country of China, provinces and cities, industry CORS stations of building together have reached at present 2500 or so, these CORS systems play a significant role in national economic development, national defense safety etc..Normal conditions Under, these CORS stations all translocation levels, obtain 1985 state height benchmark achievements.Comprehensively utilize local gravity data, figurate number According to, using GPS leveling datas correct gravity quasi-geoid, high-precision Regional Quasi-Geoid achievement can be obtained. Translocation gravity measurement again on GNSS bench marks, by GNSS, level, gravimetric network juxtaposition, establishes national quasigeoid, continent Velocity field, land subsidence model, realize the foundation and maintenance of modern geodetic datum system, can reveal that crustal movement and region weight The field of force changes, and further enriches geological environment and geographical national conditions monitoring means.
Integrate whole nation CORS systems and establish the inexorable trend that national CORS nets are the development of Modern Surveying ＆ Mapping geography information.Establish Vertical reference frame is the certainty of height datum and depth datum development.The basic gravimetric network of country of new generation is China's weight in high precision The important foundation that power benchmark is established and maintained.Establish national high-accuracy high-resolution geoid model be economic construction with The needs of multidisciplinary development.It is to safeguard the important foundation data of high-precision Surveying ＆ Mapping Benchmark to establish high-precision continent velocity field model. It is the fundamental requirement for implementing national surface subsidence prevention strategy to establish the unified ground dynamic settling model in the whole nation.
The content of the invention
For the drawbacks described above and problem for lacking high-accuracy high-resolution geoid model in the prior art, this hair The purpose of bright embodiment be to provide it is a kind of preferably new geodetic datum networking method, gathered GNSS control net, vertical reference, The resources such as gravimetric network, can realize the foundation and maintenance of modern geodetic datum service system, can shorten duty cycle, can improve While field process efficiency, cost is greatly reduced, achievees the purpose that synergy.
In order to achieve the above object, the embodiment of the present invention provides following technical solution：
A kind of new geodetic datum networking method, it is characterised in that step is as follows：
Q1：GNSS level gravimetric observation pier construction：According to《National GRAVITY CONTROL specifications of surveys》, gravimetric observation pier builds Near GNSS bench mark observation piers, and gravimetric observation pier pedestal separates construction with GNSS observation pier pier bodies；Wherein, datum mark is observed The size of pier markstone is 1200mm × 1200mm × 1000mm, should stay the shock insulation groove that width is 0.1m around markstone with ground, fill out with Foamed plastics, markstone cannot be less than 0.5m away from wall, 0.8m apart should be greater than between two observation piers；
Q2：GNSS, level, gravimetric network data acquisition and procession：GNSS observation according to global positioning system specifications of surveys into Row observation, the measurement of the level is according to national first and second order leveling criterion, and gravity measurement is according to national GRAVITY CONTROL measuring gage Model is observed data acquisition；
Q21：GNSS data processing：
Q211：Data preparation：According to fieldwork observation handbook, observation data on the same day are put together, and carry out data The inspection of correctness；
National CORS stations Data Collection：It is the high-precision observation station of China's geodesic survey that National GPS, which continuously runs station, processing National GPS continuously runs station and surrounding IGS stations observation data；
Data normalization：Standardized using accompanying software, form observation data file and broadcast ephemeris file；
The high reduction of antenna：According to antenna structure, antenna height is used uniformly observation reduction；
Q212：Baselines
Priori coordinate obtains：Difference modes obtains the priori coordinate of GPS observation stations, its coordinate can reach within 0.1m Precision；
Parameter setting：The other parameters such as elevation angle, troposphere, observation Value Types are set；
Baselines：In units of year day of year, Baselines are carried out；
Baseline Repeatability checking：Baseline repeatability is calculated as follows；
Wherein, n is the observation period sum of same baseline；CiFor a period baseline component or the length of side；For i period phases The C answerediThe variance of component；CmFor the weighted average of day part；
Q213：Net adjusted data
Data detection：It is qualitative that analysis National GPS continuously runs station and IGS stands firm, and carries out χ2Examine；
Net adjusted data：Under 2000 national earth coordinates, net adjusted data is carried out using the principle of gradual control；First, constrain National GPS continuously runs station and IGS websites, does three-dimensional constraining adjustment, obtains GNSS and continuously runs reference station coordinate；Secondly, Constraint GNSS continuously runs reference station, does three-dimensional constraining adjustment, observes station coordinates；
Precision statistics：Count position coordinate precision and baseline accuracy；
Q22：Leveling data processing
Q221：Data prediction：
Observe data preparation：Arrange roll-call, distance, survey station number, height difference, observation time and scale number etc.；
Level point coordinates：Level point coordinates on route is proposed according to data with existing file；GPS point coordinate is sat for GPS outlines Mark；
Bouguer anomaly：Bouguer anomaly is obtained from gravitation information system；
Scale correction factor：Scale in leveling observation is examined before metering identification unit is surveyed, after survey；
Q222：Fixed Initial Point obtains：Fixed Initial Point height value is taken respectively from " national first order level(l)ing repetition measurement outcome table " and " country two Change calculation outcome table etc. level "；
Q223：Level budgetary estimate：
Data correctness and consistency check：The integrality and correctness of inspection data, calculate per km accident mean square error Formula is：Δ is surveys the round-trip error of closure of height difference of section, and for R to survey segment length, n is to survey hop count；
Outline grid DEM：Calculate an outline elevation, approximate value is provided for the follow-up items correction that calculates；
Correction of Errors：Levelling staff length correction, the not parallel correction of normal level surface, gravity anomaly correction, earth tide change Just；
Error calculation formula is during per km, measurement is complete：W is the level loop after every correct Mis-tie misclosure, F are level loop wire girth, and N is level number of rings；
Q224：Compensating computation one, second-class level web using indirect adjustment method carry out simultaneous adjustment, adjustment with added scale grow The number in height difference of surveying back and forth spent after the not parallel correction of Correction of Errors, normal level surface, gravity anomaly correction, earth tide correction is member Node elevation plain, undetermined is unknown number, is weighed surely by route survey station number, and by first and second order leveling per km accident mean square error Limit difference ± 0.45mm and ± 1.0mm are weighed surely in proportion, after the completion of node elevation and route height difference reduction calculate, using conforming to The method of route adjustment inquires into the elevation of other each bench marks；
Compensating computation model is：Error equation V=BX-L, V correction matrix number, B coefficient matrixes, the unknown matrix numbers of X, L are normal Several matrixes；
Precision statistics：Count error and error in the weakest point in adjustment weight unit；
Q23：Gravimetric data processing
Q231：Data to arrange is analyzed：
Relative gravity measurement data prediction：Field document collects and arranges, including a bit number, collect coordinate with it is high Journey, arranges the contents such as relative gravity translocation data；Data processing calculates, including instrument readings are converted into milligal value, carry out air pressure Preliminary observation is obtained after correction, instrument orthometric correction, tide correction, observation to the end is obtained after correction of zero drift, is then carried out Shanxi Province calculating, accuracy computation etc.；
The arrangement of absolute gravity measurement data：Comprehensive collection and the existing absolute gravity measurement achievement of arrangement, establish absolute measuring Achievement archives are measured, are arranged and analysis absolute gravity measurement data；
Q232：Adjustment Scheme determines：
Principle：During compensating computation, basic net uses " weak benchmark ", and when adjustment is not fixed any gravity station；
Power：During compensating computation, absolute gravity observation amount, aircraft translocation relative gravity observed quantity and all Long baselines Calibration relative gravity observed quantity all uses Posterior weight all the time；Other relative gravity observed quantities are weighed surely again using Robust filter；
Instrument parameter：Take by principle more at least, gradually cast out that each instrument amplitude is smaller or amplitude is suitable with middle error Or the larger circular error of error in phase, just think of influencing significant periodic term, to reach the Proper Match of instrument parameter；
Q233：Compensating computation：
Observed quantity：Absolute observations amount and relative observation；
Error calculation equation is：V=AX-L；
Absolute gravity observation amount error equation isgiFor the adjustment gravity value of i points,For the absolute weight of i points The observed gravity value of power instrument measure：
Relative gravity observation error accounting equation is：
gi、gjGravity value respectively after survey station i, j points adjustment, gRZi、gRzjRespectively survey station i, j points are by four corrections The last observation of opposite translocation, Ri, Rj instrument are in the observed reading of survey station i, j point, the M order polynomial lattice value letters of Ck gravimeters The K times several scale correction factors, Xn、YnThe parameter of circular error, TnThe cycle of circular error；
Accuracy assessment：Error m in weight unit0Calculation formula beThe total number of n observed quantities, t must Want the total number of observed quantity；
Q3：The application of more net juxtaposition resources：The data that above-mentioned steps are obtained carry out establishing Centimeter Level height in area's in all parts of the country Precision geoid model, continent velocity field model, national surface subsidence dynamic model, applied to modern geodetic datum Establish and safeguard.
As the preferred of above-mentioned technical proposal, Massachusetts Institute Technology is used to GNSS data processing in the Q2 steps High accuracy data processing software GAMIT/GLOBK or the BERNESE software of development.
As the preferred of above-mentioned technical proposal, Q21, Q22 and Q23 step is carried out at the same time regardless of front and rear.
As the preferred of above-mentioned technical proposal, in the Q22 steps leveling data step flow that uses of processing for：
According to second-order levelling specification, level network data is gathered；
Carry out scale correction；The outline height value of primary Calculation survey station；
Then the quality control of leveling observation data, excluding gross error are carried out, parallel algorithm influences；
Adjustment is carried out using adjustment of Free Networks, imitative stable adjustment method, evaluation calculates；Ultimately produce levelling network achievement and data Mabage report.
As the preferred of above-mentioned technical proposal, gravimetric data processing uses in the Q23 steps step flow for：
According to《National GRAVITY CONTROL specifications of surveys》(GB/T20256-2006), gravity network data is gathered；
Finishing analysis observe data；
Data quality control, excluding gross error are carried out, parallel algorithm influences；
Carry out the correction such as air pressure, instrument height, tide, drift；Determine rationally effective adjustment Scheme, gravimetric network is put down Difference, evaluation calculate；Ultimately produce gravimetric network achievement and data processing report.
A kind of new geodetic datum networking method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, it is simple in structure compared with traditional technology, By GNSS, level, gravimetric network juxtaposition, high-precision quasigeoid, continent velocity field model, surface subsidence mould can be established Type, precision bring up to Centimeter Level, realize that modern geodetic datum is established and safeguarded, further enrich geological disaster and are supervised with geographical national conditions Survey means, achieve the purpose that synergy.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to illustrate more clearly about the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing There is attached drawing needed in technology description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only this Some embodiments of invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without having to pay creative labor, may be used also To obtain other attached drawings according to these attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is a kind of step flow diagram of new geodetic datum networking method of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 2 is handled for leveling data in a kind of Q22 steps of new geodetic datum networking method of the embodiment of the present invention 1 Steps flow chart schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 adopts for gravimetric data processing in a kind of Q23 steps of new geodetic datum networking method of the embodiment of the present invention 1 Step flow diagram.
Fig. 4 sees for GNSS levels gravity in a kind of Q1 steps of new geodetic datum networking method of the embodiment of the present invention 1 Survey the structure diagram of pier.
Fig. 5 is a kind of structure of the elevation Controlling model of new geodetic datum networking method application of the embodiment of the present invention 2 Schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is a kind of structure of the geoid model of new geodetic datum networking method of the embodiment of the present invention 3 Schematic diagram.
Fig. 7 is a kind of national surface subsidence dynamic model of new geodetic datum networking method of the embodiment of the present invention 4 Structure diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the attached drawing of the present invention, technical scheme is clearly and completely described, it is clear that institute The embodiment of description is only part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, Those of ordinary skill in the art's all other embodiments obtained without creative efforts, belong to this hair The scope of bright protection.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figs 1-4, a kind of new geodetic datum networking method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, following steps：
GNSS level gravimetric observation pier construction
As shown in figure 4, according to GNSS bench mark observation pier construction requirements, observation pier is established in eligible site.According to 《National GRAVITY CONTROL specifications of surveys》It is required that gravimetric observation pier is built near GNSS bench mark observation piers, and gravimetric observation pier Pedestal separates construction with GNSS observation pier pier bodies.
GNSS observation according to《Global positioning system (GPS) specifications of surveys》(GB/T 18314-2009) is observed, level Measurement according to《National first and second order leveling specification》(GB 12897-2006) is measured.Gravity measurement according to《National gravity control Specifications of surveys processed》It is observed data acquisition.
GNSS, level, gravimetric network data processing
GNSS data processing
1) software
High accuracy data processing the software GAMIT/GLOBK or Bemese developed using Massachusetts Institute Technology is soft Part.
2) data prediction
Data preparation：According to fieldwork observation handbook, observation data on the same day are put together, data format Rinex Form, and carry out the inspection of data correctness.
National CORS stations Data Collection：It is the high-precision observation station of China's geodesic survey that National GPS, which continuously runs station, processing National GPS continuously runs station and surrounding IGS stations observation data.
Data normalization：Standardized using accompanying software, form observation data file and broadcast ephemeris file.
The high reduction of antenna：According to antenna structure, antenna height is used uniformly observation reduction.
3) Baselines
Priori coordinate obtains：Difference modes obtains the priori coordinate of GPS observation stations, its coordinate can reach within 0.1m Precision.
Parameter setting：The other parameters such as elevation angle, troposphere, observation Value Types are set.
Baselines：In units of year day of year, Baselines are carried out.
Baseline Repeatability checking：Baseline repeatability is calculated as follows
Wherein, n is the observation period sum of same baseline；CiFor a period baseline component or the length of side；For i period phases The C answerediThe variance of component；CmFor the weighted average of day part.
4) net adjusted data
Data detection：It is qualitative that analysis National GPS continuously runs station and IGS stands firm, and carries out χ2Examine.
Net adjusted data：Net adjusted data is carried out using the principle of gradual control.Under 2000 national earth coordinates, first, constraint National GPS continuously runs station and IGS websites, does three-dimensional constraining adjustment, obtains GNSS and continuously runs reference station coordinate；Secondly, Constraint GNSS continuously runs reference station, does three-dimensional constraining adjustment, observes station coordinates.
Precision statistics：Count position coordinate precision and baseline accuracy.
Leveling data processing
1) software uses the levelling network data processing software of independent development.
2) data prediction
Observe data preparation：Arrange roll-call, distance, survey station number, height difference, observation time and scale number etc.
Level point coordinates：Level point coordinates on route is proposed according to data with existing file；GPS point coordinate is sat for GPS outlines Mark.
Bouguer anomaly：Bouguer anomaly is obtained from gravitation information system.
Scale correction factor：Scale in leveling observation is examined before metering identification unit is surveyed, after survey.
3) Fixed Initial Point obtains
Fixed Initial Point height value is taken respectively from " national first order level(l)ing repetition measurement outcome table " and " national second grade leveling changes calculation outcome table (2002) ".
4) level budgetary estimate
Data correctness and consistency check：The integrality and correctness of inspection data.Per km accident mean square errorΔ is surveys the round-trip error of closure of height difference of section, and for R to survey segment length, n is to survey hop count.
Outline grid DEM：Calculate an outline elevation, approximate value is provided for the follow-up items correction that calculates.
Correction of Errors：Levelling staff length correction, the not parallel correction of normal level surface, gravity anomaly correction, earth tide change Just.
Error during measurement is complete per km：W is the level loop closure after every correct, and F is Level loop wire girth, N are level number of rings.
5) compensating computation
Principle：First, second-class level web carries out simultaneous adjustment using indirect adjustment method, and adjustment was to add length of the scale error to change Just, round-trip after the not parallel correction of normal level surface, gravity anomaly correction, earth tide correction survey number in height difference be element, it is undetermined Node elevation is unknown number, is weighed surely by route survey station number, and by first and second order leveling per km accident mean square error limit it is poor ± 0.45mm and ± 1.0mm are weighed surely in proportion, after the completion of node elevation and route height difference reduction calculate, are put down using route is conformed to The method of difference inquires into the elevation of other each bench marks.Adjustment Models：Error equation V=BX-L, V correction matrix number, B coefficient squares Battle array, the unknown matrix numbers of X, L constant term matrixes.
Precision statistics：Count error and error in the weakest point in adjustment weight unit.
Gravimetric data processing
1) software uses the gravimetric network data processing software of independent development.
2) data to arrange is analyzed
Relative gravity measurement data prediction：Field document collects and arranges, including a bit number, collect coordinate with it is high Journey, arranges the contents such as relative gravity translocation data；Data processing calculates, including instrument readings are converted into milligal value, carry out air pressure Preliminary observation is obtained after correction, instrument orthometric correction, tide correction, observation to the end is obtained after correction of zero drift, is then carried out Shanxi Province calculating, accuracy computation etc.；
The arrangement of absolute gravity measurement data：Comprehensive collection and the existing absolute gravity measurement achievement of arrangement, establish absolute measuring Achievement archives are measured, are arranged and analysis absolute gravity measurement data.
3) adjustment Scheme determines
Principle：During compensating computation, basic net uses " weak benchmark ", and when adjustment is not fixed any gravity station.
Power：During compensating computation, absolute gravity observation amount, aircraft translocation relative gravity observed quantity and all Long baselines Calibration relative gravity observed quantity all uses Posterior weight all the time；Other relative gravity observed quantities are weighed surely again using Robust filter.
Instrument parameter：Take by principle more at least, gradually cast out that each instrument amplitude is smaller or amplitude is suitable with middle error Or the larger circular error of error in phase, just think of influencing significant periodic term, to reach the Proper Match of instrument parameter.
4) compensating computation
Observed quantity：Absolute observations amount and relative observation
Error equation：V=AX-L
Absolute gravity observation amount error equation isgiFor the adjustment gravity value of i points,For the absolute weight of i points The observed gravity value of power instrument measure.
Relative gravity observation error equation
gi、gjGravity value respectively after survey station i, j points adjustment, gRZi、gRZjRespectively survey station i, j points are by four corrections The last observation of opposite translocation, Ri, Rj instrument are in the observed reading of survey station i, j point, the M order polynomial lattice value letters of Ck gravimeters The K times several scale correction factors, Xn、YnThe parameter of circular error, TnThe cycle of circular error.
Accuracy assessment：Error m in weight unit0Calculation formula beThe total number of n observed quantities, t must Want the total number of observed quantity.
Embodiment 2
As shown in figure 5, national vertical control network is to realize that geographical information space positions the frame of high process control, according to precision Height cloth survey one, two, three, Leveling Survey net.In order to meet economic construction of China and national defense construction needs, the 1950s is extremely Complete the national first phase one, second-class level web the sixties.In addition State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping in the enforcement period of the ninth five-year plan once to the national first phase First, second-class level web is uniformly processed, which shares nearly 400 routes, a close ring more than 100, overall length km more than 100,000.1976 To 1984, the more units such as State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping carried out national second phase first order level(l)ing net testing, 1991 to 1997 states Bureau of Surveying and Mapping of family has carried out national second phase first order level(l)ing net repetition measurement.
Embodiment 3
As shown in fig. 6, the present embodiment provides geoid model, more net juxtaposition GNSS, level and realities are made full use of The resources such as measuring gravity, theoretical and method is determined using advanced quasigeoid, complete Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Shandong, Anhui, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Ningxia, again More or less a hundred cities such as 20 provincial region and Xi'an, Nanjing, Chengdu, Lanzhou, Dalian, Jinan, Yinchuan, Qingdao, Xianyang, Baoji such as celebrating The definite work of city region high accuracy quasigeoid, provincial region quasigeoid precision are+4- ± 8cm, metropolitan district Domain quasigeoid precision is ± 1- ± 2cm.These quasigeoid achievements can be directly used for large scale GPS mappings, Boat takes the photograph the Surveying Engineering such as mapping, coastal ocean environmental monitoring and construction lofting, significantly improves the technology of this area mapping operations Condition and work pattern, accelerate " Digital CHINA ", " digital province ", the construction of " numeric area ", " digital city ", will have weight Scientific meaning, economic benefit and the social benefit wanted.
The quasigeoid that China uses now is CQG2000 low precisions, resolution ratio is low, it is impossible to meets that modern the earth is surveyed Measure development need.Therefore, it is existing like greatly using National modern Surveying ＆ Mapping Benchmark first stage of the project, 927 first stage of the project, integration each province and city Level surface more net juxtaposition data, the satellite such as refine surveys the high basic data such as with Satellite gravity, establish a land-sea it is unified like big Ground-level model is the requirement of current geodesic survey development.
Embodiment 4
As shown in fig. 7, present embodiments providing national surface subsidence dynamic model, surface subsidence form in China's is severe, mesh Before there are 50 cities serious surface subsidence occur, urban largest cumulative settling amount is more than 3m.On 2 20th, 2010, State Council approved《2011-2020 whole nation surface subsidence control programs》.Therefore, it is to work as to establish national surface subsidence dynamic model The preceding important engineering there is an urgent need for development.The industries such as mapping, geology have carried out corresponding regional land subsidence dynamic model research, Such as North China Plain, Fen-Wei basin, Shanghai, Tianjin area, mainly establish regional land subsidence mould using GPS, InSAR data Type, decision-making foundation is provided for China's geological environment and surface subsidence preventing and controlling, to ensuring environmental resource, urban construction, great The safety of engineering and infrastructure, safeguards life and property safety of people, promotes coordinated development of the economy and society to have important existing Gesture meaning.More phase leveling datas, gravimetric data also relatively reliable can reflect surface subsidence situation, therefore, utilize more net juxtapositions Data resource can establish more reliable, practical land subsidence model, and basic data is provided for hazards control.
The data such as the resource juxtapositions such as net, levelling network, gravimetric network, comprehensive utilization InSAR, the hydrology, geology is controlled by GNSS, National Quasi-geoid with Centimeter Level model, continent velocity field model, national surface subsidence dynamic model are established, is realized modern big The foundation and maintenance of ground reference, are always ensured that science, advance, Up-to-date state, the practicality of geodetic datum, trend of the times geodetic datum System modernizes, is information-based.
The above description is merely a specific embodiment, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, any Those familiar with the art the invention discloses technical scope in, change or replacement can be readily occurred in, should all be contained Cover within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention answers the scope of the claims of being subject to.

Claims (5)

  1. A kind of 1. new geodetic datum networking method, it is characterised in that step is as follows：
    Q1：GNSS level gravimetric observation pier construction：According to《National GRAVITY CONTROL specifications of surveys》, gravimetric observation pier built in GNSS Near bench mark observation pier, and gravimetric observation pier pedestal separates construction with GNSS observation pier pier bodies；Wherein, datum mark observation pier mark The size of stone is 1200mm × 1200mm × 1000mm, should stay the shock insulation groove that width is 0.1m around markstone with ground, fill out with foam Plastics, markstone cannot be less than 0.5m away from wall, 0.8m apart should be greater than between two observation piers；
    Q2：GNSS, level, gravimetric network data acquisition and procession：GNSS observations are seen according to global positioning system specifications of surveys Survey, the measurement of the level according to national first and second order leveling criterion, gravity measurement according to national GRAVITY CONTROL specifications of surveys into Row observation data acquisition；
    Q21：GNSS data processing:
    Q211：Data preparation：According to fieldwork observation handbook, observation data on the same day are put together, and it is correct to carry out data The inspection of property；
    National CORS stations Data Collection：It is the high-precision observation station of China's geodesic survey that National GPS, which continuously runs station, processing country GPS continuously runs station and surrounding IGS stations observation data；
    Data normalization：Standardized using accompanying software, form observation data file and broadcast ephemeris file；
    The high reduction of antenna：According to antenna structure, antenna height is used uniformly observation reduction；
    Q212：Baselines
    Priori coordinate obtains：Difference modes obtains the priori coordinate of GPS observation stations, its coordinate can reach the essence within 0.1m Degree；
    Parameter setting：Elevation angle, troposphere, observation Value Types other parameters are set；
    Baselines：In units of year day of year, Baselines are carried out；
    Baseline Repeatability checking：Baseline repeatability is calculated as follows；
    <mrow> <mi>R</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo>&amp;lsqb;</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mfrac> <mi>n</mi> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>&amp;CenterDot;</mo> <munderover> <mo>&amp;Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </munderover> <mfrac> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <msubsup> <mi>&amp;sigma;</mi> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mn>2</mn> </msubsup> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow> <munderover> <mo>&amp;Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </munderover> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msubsup> <mi>&amp;sigma;</mi> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mn>2</mn> </msubsup> </mfrac> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>&amp;rsqb;</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>/</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow>
    Wherein, n is the observation period sum of same baseline；CiFor a period baseline component or the length of side；It is corresponding for the i periods CiThe variance of component；CmFor the weighted average of day part；
    Q213:Net adjusted data
    Data detection：It is qualitative that analysis National GPS continuously runs station and IGS stands firm, and carries out χ2Examine；
    Net adjusted data：Under 2000 national earth coordinates, net adjusted data is carried out using the principle of gradual control；First, constraint country GPS continuously runs station and IGS websites, does three-dimensional constraining adjustment, obtains GNSS and continuously runs reference station coordinate；Secondly, constraint GNSS continuously runs reference station, does three-dimensional constraining adjustment, observes station coordinates；
    Precision statistics：Count position coordinate precision and baseline accuracy；
    Q22：Leveling data processing
    Q221:Data prediction:
    Observe data preparation：Arrange roll-call, distance, survey station number, height difference, observation time and scale number；
    Level point coordinates：Level point coordinates on route is proposed according to data with existing file；GPS point coordinate is GPS rough coordinates；
    Bouguer anomaly：Bouguer anomaly is obtained from gravitation information system；
    Scale correction factor：Scale in leveling observation is examined before metering identification unit is surveyed, after survey；
    Q222:Fixed Initial Point obtains：Fixed Initial Point height value is taken respectively from " national first order level(l)ing repetition measurement outcome table " and " the second-class water of country Standard, which changes, calculates outcome table "
    Q223:Level budgetary estimate：
    Data correctness and consistency check：The integrality and correctness of inspection data, per km accident mean square error calculation formula For：Δ is surveys the round-trip error of closure of height difference of section, and for R to survey segment length, n is to survey hop count；
    Outline grid DEM：Calculate an outline elevation, approximate value is provided for the follow-up items correction that calculates；
    Correction of Errors：Levelling staff length correction, the not parallel correction of normal level surface, gravity anomaly correction, earth tide correction；Often Error calculation formula is during km measurement is complete：W is the level loop closure after every correct, and F is Level loop wire girth, N are level number of rings；
    Q224:Compensating computation one, second-class level web using indirect adjustment method carry out simultaneous adjustment, adjustment with added length of the scale miss Round-trip after difference correction, the not parallel correction of normal level surface, gravity anomaly correction, earth tide correction survey number in height difference be element, Node elevation undetermined is unknown number, is weighed surely by route survey station number, and poor per km accident mean square error limit by first and second order leveling ± 0.45mm and ± 1.0mm are weighed surely in proportion, after the completion of node elevation and route height difference reduction calculate, using conforming to route The method of adjustment inquires into the elevation of other each bench marks；
    Compensating computation model is：Error equation V=BX-L, V correction matrix number, B coefficient matrixes, the unknown matrix numbers of X, L constant terms Matrix；
    Precision statistics：Count error and error in the weakest point in adjustment weight unit；
    Q23：Gravimetric data processing
    Q231：Data to arrange is analyzed:
    Relative gravity measurement data prediction：Field document collects and arranges, including a bit number, collects coordinate and elevation, whole Manage relative gravity translocation data content；Data processing calculates, including instrument readings are converted into milligal value, carry out atmospheric pressure correction, instrument Preliminary observation is obtained after device orthometric correction, tide correction, observation to the end is obtained after correction of zero drift, then carries out Shanxi Province Calculate, accuracy computation；
    The arrangement of absolute gravity measurement data：Comprehensive collection and arrange existing absolute gravity measurement achievement, establish absolute measurement into Fruit archives, arrange and analysis absolute gravity measurement data；
    Q232：Adjustment Scheme determines：
    Principle：During compensating computation, basic net uses " weak benchmark ", and when adjustment is not fixed any gravity station；
    Power：During compensating computation, absolute gravity observation amount, aircraft translocation relative gravity observed quantity and the calibration of all Long baselines Relative gravity observed quantity all uses Posterior weight all the time；Other relative gravity observed quantities are weighed surely again using Robust filter；
    Instrument parameter：Take by principle more at least, gradually cast out that each instrument amplitude is smaller or amplitude is suitable with middle error or phase The larger circular error of error, just thinks of influencing significant periodic term, to reach the Proper Match of instrument parameter in position；
    Q233：Compensating computation：
    Observed quantity：Absolute observations amount and relative observation；
    Error calculation equation is：V=AX-L；
    Absolute gravity observation amount error equation isgiFor the adjustment gravity value of i points,For the absolute gravimeter of i points The observed gravity value of measure：
    Relative gravity observation error accounting equation is：
    <mfenced open = "" close = ""> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>g</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>g</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <munderover> <mo>&amp;Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>K</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>M</mi> </munderover> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msubsup> <mi>g</mi> <mrow> <mi>R</mi> <mi>Z</mi> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> <mi>K</mi> </msubsup> <mo>-</mo> <msubsup> <mi>g</mi> <mrow> <mi>R</mi> <mi>Z</mi> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> <mi>K</mi> </msubsup> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>&amp;CenterDot;</mo> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mi>K</mi> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <munderover> <mo>&amp;Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>P</mi> </munderover> <msub> <mi>X</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>&amp;CenterDot;</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>&amp;pi;</mi> </mrow> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> <mo>&amp;CenterDot;</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>&amp;pi;</mi> </mrow> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mo>+</mo> <munderover> <mo>&amp;Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>P</mi> </munderover> <msub> <mi>Y</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>sin</mi> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>&amp;CenterDot;</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>&amp;pi;</mi> </mrow> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mi>sin</mi> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> <mo>&amp;CenterDot;</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>&amp;pi;</mi> </mrow> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mfenced>
    gi、gjGravity value respectively after survey station i, j points adjustment, gRZi、gRZjRespectively survey station i, j points pass through the phase of four corrections To the last observation of translocation, Ri, Rj instrument survey station i, j point observed reading, the M order polynomial Scale functions of Ck gravimeters The K scale correction factor, Xn、YnThe parameter of circular error, TnThe cycle of circular error；P refers to number of cycles；
    Accuracy assessment：Error m in weight unit0Calculation formula beThe total number of n observed quantities, t is necessary to be seen The total number of measurement；
    Q3：The application of more net juxtaposition resources：The data that above-mentioned steps are obtained carry out establishing Centimeter Level high accuracy in area's in all parts of the country Geoid model, continent velocity field model, national surface subsidence dynamic model, the foundation applied to modern geodetic datum With maintenance.
  2. 2. a kind of new geodetic datum networking method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that right in the Q2 steps GNSS data processing using Massachusetts Institute Technology develop high accuracy data processing software GAMIT/GLOBK or BERNESE softwares.
  3. 3. a kind of new geodetic datum networking method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described Q21, Q22 and Q23 Step is carried out at the same time regardless of front and rear.
  4. A kind of 4. new geodetic datum networking method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that water in the Q22 steps The step flow that quasi- data processing uses for：
    According to second-order levelling specification, level network data is gathered；
    Carry out scale correction；The outline height value of primary Calculation survey station；
    Then the quality control of leveling observation data, excluding gross error are carried out, parallel algorithm influences；
    Adjustment is carried out using adjustment of Free Networks, imitative stable adjustment method, evaluation calculates；Ultimately produce levelling network achievement and data processing Report.
  5. A kind of 5. new geodetic datum networking method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that weight in the Q23 steps The force data step flow that uses of processing for：
    According to《National GRAVITY CONTROL specifications of surveys》, gather gravity network data；
    Finishing analysis observe data；
    Data quality control, excluding gross error are carried out, parallel algorithm influences；
    Carry out air pressure, instrument height, tide, correction of zero drift；Determine rationally effective adjustment Scheme, adjustment is carried out to gravimetric network, is commented Devise a stratagem is calculated；Ultimately produce gravimetric network achievement and data processing report.
CN201510044705.8A 2015-01-27 2015-01-27 New geodetic datum networking method Active CN105091850B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201510044705.8A CN105091850B (en) 2015-01-27 2015-01-27 New geodetic datum networking method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201510044705.8A CN105091850B (en) 2015-01-27 2015-01-27 New geodetic datum networking method

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN105091850A CN105091850A (en) 2015-11-25
CN105091850B true CN105091850B (en) 2018-05-04

Family

ID=54572806

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201510044705.8A Active CN105091850B (en) 2015-01-27 2015-01-27 New geodetic datum networking method

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN105091850B (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2776698C1 (en) * 2021-07-30 2022-07-25 Федеральное Государственное Казенное Военное Образовательное Учреждение Высшего Образования "Военный Учебно-Научный Центр Сухопутных Войск "Общевойсковая Ордена Жукова Академия Вооруженных Сил Российской Федерации" Method for building a global space geodetic network applying the results of observations of spacecraft of satellite navigation systems

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107977524B (en) * 2017-12-14 2021-04-16 机械工业第六设计研究院有限公司 Line measurement method, device and system
CN108759827B (en) * 2018-03-21 2022-11-25 千寻位置网络（浙江）有限公司 Method and device for constructing velocity field model, positioning method and system
CN110081909A (en) * 2019-05-22 2019-08-02 北京中交华安科技有限公司 Vehicle-mounted mobile measuring system calibration method based on global location control point coordinates
CN111413749A (en) * 2020-04-03 2020-07-14 自然资源部第二海洋研究所 Antarctic ship-borne gravity measurement calibration method
CN111664832B (en) * 2020-06-22 2021-11-23 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 Method for establishing independent elevation system for bridge construction in area with abnormal and significant gravity
KR102203452B1 (en) * 2020-08-19 2021-01-15 (주)태영정보시스템 Geodetic surveying device for measuring level of ground
CN112729175B (en) * 2020-12-04 2022-09-30 中国电建集团河北省电力勘测设计研究院有限公司 Small-area control measurement operation method for power plant and power station
CN112763975B (en) * 2020-12-30 2023-03-17 中国铁路设计集团有限公司 Railway frame reference network inter-block splicing method considering railway banded characteristics
CN113465575A (en) * 2021-04-30 2021-10-01 自然资源部大地测量数据处理中心 High-precision fast network solution method for GNSS (global navigation satellite system) in high-fall mountainous area based on troposphere prior information constraint
CN113819882B (en) * 2021-09-09 2023-06-16 江苏海洋大学 Method for calculating gravity potential difference between cross-sea elevation points
CN115235415B (en) * 2022-06-09 2023-07-07 河南理工大学 Regional settlement space-time change characteristic acquisition method based on level point monitoring

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1412777B1 (en) * 2001-08-02 2006-08-30 Entice Technology Limited Road weather prediction system and method
CN101308020A (en) * 2008-06-11 2008-11-19 武汉大学 Leveling measuring method
CN101839710A (en) * 2010-06-12 2010-09-22 中国测绘科学研究院 Method for optimizing quasi-geoid calculation
CN102175213A (en) * 2011-01-30 2011-09-07 中国测绘科学研究院 GPS leveling height transfer method
CN104181571A (en) * 2013-05-26 2014-12-03 广东工业大学 Method for rapidly measuring precision coordinate and elevation of ground point in area with weak CORS signals or without CORS signals

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101063255B1 (en) * 2011-02-25 2011-09-07 지오션(주) Real-time tide observation system using gps

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1412777B1 (en) * 2001-08-02 2006-08-30 Entice Technology Limited Road weather prediction system and method
CN101308020A (en) * 2008-06-11 2008-11-19 武汉大学 Leveling measuring method
CN101839710A (en) * 2010-06-12 2010-09-22 中国测绘科学研究院 Method for optimizing quasi-geoid calculation
CN102175213A (en) * 2011-01-30 2011-09-07 中国测绘科学研究院 GPS leveling height transfer method
CN104181571A (en) * 2013-05-26 2014-12-03 广东工业大学 Method for rapidly measuring precision coordinate and elevation of ground point in area with weak CORS signals or without CORS signals

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
利用双差的超大GNSS基准站网解算方法改进;程传录等;《武汉大学学报（信息科学版）》;20140531;第39卷(第5期);全文 *
高精度GNSS服务中对流层映射函数的影响性分析;蒋光伟等;《测绘工程》;20131031;第22卷(第5期);全文 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2776698C1 (en) * 2021-07-30 2022-07-25 Федеральное Государственное Казенное Военное Образовательное Учреждение Высшего Образования "Военный Учебно-Научный Центр Сухопутных Войск "Общевойсковая Ордена Жукова Академия Вооруженных Сил Российской Федерации" Method for building a global space geodetic network applying the results of observations of spacecraft of satellite navigation systems

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN105091850A (en) 2015-11-25

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN105091850B (en) New geodetic datum networking method
CN103502844B (en) For determining the method for object space, equipment and system
CN102607506B (en) Free stationing transformation monitoring method of high-fill airport side slope unit set total station
CN103541738B (en) The method for building up of extra-long tunnel independent construction control network
CN111006578B (en) GNSS dual-antenna-based high-speed railway pier deformation monitoring method and device
CN104111061B (en) A kind of basic data region measurement control point achievement acquisition methods scantily
Li et al. GPS in the tailings dam deformation monitoring
Bitelli et al. Evolution of the techniques for subsidence monitoring at regional scale: the case of Emilia-Romagna region (Italy)
CN106597504A (en) Measurement system and method for building construction
CN103885069A (en) Long-distance pipeline GPS control measurement method based on CORS
CN105005019A (en) Underground pipeline measuring method based BDS/GPS RTK
CN106679579A (en) Mobile landslide body deformation monitoring apparatus and method
CN103727920A (en) Method of measuring level elevation difference based on geoid model
CN116182795A (en) Precision measurement method for vertical section of common speed railway
Hu et al. Time-series InSAR technology for ascending and descending orbital images to monitor surface deformation of the metro network in Chengdu
CN206459611U (en) A kind of high-rise building high-precision deformation monitoring system based on big-dipper satellite
Walo et al. Geodynamic studies in the Pieniny Klippen Belt in 2004-2015
Chang et al. A geocentric reference system in Taiwan
CN110359346A (en) A kind of Roadbed Deformation monitoring system, method and storage medium
Yu et al. Research on the automatic monitoring system for coal mining subsidence
Jiang et al. GPS application in highway survey
Xia et al. High resolution D-INSAR measurement for land subsidence
Tang Mining subsidence monitoring using the method of combining InSAR and GPS technology
Wilmes et al. The contribution of gravity to the European Combined Geodetic Network (ecgn)
Aleksovski Gravimetric reference system, measurement of absolute and relative gravity in the Republic of North Macedonia

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant