CN105091850A - Novel geodetic datum networking method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a novel geodetic datum networking method. The method comprises 1, GNSS, leveling and gravity observation pier construction, 2, GNSS, leveling and gravity net data acquisition and processing by carrying out GNSS observation according to a global positioning system survey standard, carrying out leveling measurement according to national first and second grade leveling measurement standards, carrying out gravity measurement according to a national gravity control measurement standard, and carrying out observation data acquisition, and 3, by the data, building a centimeter-level high-precision quasigeoid model, a mainland velocity field model and a countrywide ground subsidence dynamic model of all areas in China. The novel geodetic datum networking method is used for building and maintenance of the modern geodetic datum and has a simple structure. Through GNSS, leveling and gravity net juxtaposition, the high-precision quasigeoid model, mainland velocity field model and countrywide ground subsidence dynamic model are built. A centimeter-level precision is obtained. Modern geodetic datum building and maintenance are realized. Geological disaster and geographical condition monitoring means are increased and synergism is realized.

Description

Novel geodetic datum networking method

Technical field

The present invention relates to Geodetic Technique field, particularly one novel geodetic datum networking method.

Background technology

China has vast territory, with a varied topography, and be a multiple country of geologic hazard, the direct economic loss that geologic hazard in 2013 causes reaches 10,200,000,000 yuan.Therefore, comprehensive utilization GNSS, level, the multi-source basic datas of many phases such as gravity, by GNSS Controling network, vertical reference, the juxtapositions such as gravimetric network, utilize the juxtaposed data of many phases of many nets, can inverting underground water memory space change, ice dissolution, Lake water quantity change etc., set up national geoid model, continent velocity field model, whole nation land subsidence model, the foundation realizing modern geodetic datum service system is the problem that solution is needed in geodetic surveying badly with safeguarding, setting up national land subsidence dynamic model is the fundamental requirement implementing national hazards control strategy.

Along with socioeconomic development, the progress of scientific and technological level, the every aspect that wireless communication technology and Global Positioning System (GPS) (GPS) technology are applied to daily life more and more starts.Be no matter security monitoring in every respect and maintenance, radio communication (GSM) and DGPS technology have played vital role.Cordless communication network coverage based on GSM is large, and cost is low.Independent gps system, the vehicle of gsm system and personnel complete the monitoring transmission positional information of vehicle and personnel by the mobile phone user of radio satellite positioning and communicating link.

The ultimate principle of GNSS is the distance between the satellite of measuring known location to receiver user, and then the data of comprehensive multi-satellite just can know the particular location of receiver.Reach this purpose, the time that the position of satellite can be recorded according to spaceborne clock finds in satellite ephemeris.

Along with made rapid progress and the application popularization of GPS technology, its effect in urban survey is more and more important.Current, the continuous operation satnav service colligate system (ContinuousOperationalReferenceSystem is abbreviated as CORS) utilizing many base station networks RTK technology to set up has become one of Hot spots for development of GPS Urban application.CORS system is that the high and new technologies such as satellite positioning tech, computer networking technology, digital communication technology are multi-faceted, the product of degree of depth crystallization.CORS system is made up of base station net, data processing centre (DPC), data transmission system, location navigation data broadcasting system, user's application system five parts, linked into an integrated entity by data transmission system in the heart in each base station and monitoring analysis, form dedicated network.

Along with developing rapidly of domestic and international CORS system, country of current China, provinces and cities, industry CORS station of building together has reached about 2500, these CORS systems in national economic development, national defense safety etc. in play a significant role.Under normal circumstances, these CORS stand translocation levels, obtain 1985 state height benchmark achievements.Comprehensive utilization local gravity data, terrain data, use GPS leveling data to correct gravity quasi-geoid, can obtain high precision Regional Quasi-Geoid based achievement.Translocation gravimetry again on GNSS leveling point, by GNSS, level, gravimetric network juxtaposition, set up national quasigeoid, continent velocity field, land subsidence model, realize foundation and the maintenance of modern geodetic datum system, earth movement can be disclosed and Regional Gravity Field changes, enrich geologic media and geographical national conditions monitoring means further.

Integrate national CORS system and set up the inexorable trend that national CORS net is the development of Modern Surveying & Mapping geography information.Set up the certainty that vertical reference framework is height datum and depth datum development.The basic gravimetric network of country of a new generation is the important foundation that China's high-precision gravity benchmark is set up and maintained.Set up the needs that national high-accuracy high-resolution geoid model is economic construction and multidisciplinary development.Setting up high precision continent velocity field model is safeguard the important foundation data of high precision Surveying & Mapping Benchmark.Setting up the unified ground dynamic settling model in the whole nation is the fundamental requirement implementing national land subsidence control strategy.

Summary of the invention

For the above-mentioned defect and the problem that lack high-accuracy high-resolution geoid model in prior art, the object of the embodiment of the present invention is to provide a kind of better novel geodetic datum networking method, the resources such as GNSS Controling network, vertical reference, gravimetric network are gathered, foundation and the maintenance of modern geodetic datum service system can be realized, duty cycle can be shortened, while improving field process efficiency, reduce costs greatly, reach the object of synergy.

In order to achieve the above object, the embodiment of the present invention provides following technical scheme:

A kind of novel geodetic datum networking method, it is characterized in that, step is as follows:

Q1:GNSS level gravimetric observation pier is built: according to " national gravity control specifications of surveys ", and gravimetric observation pier is built near GNSS leveling point observation pier, and gravimetric observation pier pedestal and GNSS observe pier pier body be separated construction; Wherein, reference point observation pier markstone is of a size of 1200mm × 1200mm × 1000mm, and should stay the wide shock insulation groove for 0.1m around markstone with ground, fill out with polyfoam, markstone must not be less than 0.5m apart from wall, at a distance of being greater than 0.8m between two observation piers;

Q2:GNSS, level, gravimetric network data acquisition and procession: GNSS observation is observed according to GPS specifications of surveys, measurement of the level is according to national first and second order leveling criterion, and gravimetry carries out observation data collection according to national gravity control specifications of surveys;

Q21:GNSS data processing:

Q211: data preparation: according to fieldwork observation handbook, observation data is on the same day put together, and carries out the inspection of data correctness;

Country CORS stands Data Collection: National GPS runs the high-precision research station of Zhan Shi China geodetic surveying continuously, process National GPS run continuously station and around IGS to stand observation data;

Data normalization: use accompanying software standardization, forms observation data file and broadcast ephemeris file;

Antenna height reduction: according to antenna structure, antenna height is unified adopts observed reading reduction;

Q212: Baselines

Priori coordinate obtains: difference modes obtains the priori coordinate of GPS research station, and its coordinate can reach the precision within 0.1m;

Optimum configurations: other parameters such as rational height angle, troposphere, observed reading type;

Baselines: in units of year day of year, carry out Baselines;

Baseline Repeatability checking: baseline repeatability is calculated as follows;

$R={\left[\frac{\frac{n}{n-1}\·\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\frac{{(C_i-C_m)}^2}{{\mathrm{\σ}}_{C_i}^2}}{\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\frac{1}{{\mathrm{\σ}}_{C_i}^2}}\right]}^{1/2}$

Wherein, n is the observation period sum of same baseline; C _ibe a period baseline component or the length of side; for i period corresponding C _ithe variance of component; C _mfor the weighted mean value of day part;

Q213: net adjusted data

Data detection: analysis National GPS runs station continuously and IGS stands firm qualitative, carries out χ ²inspection;

Net adjusted data: under 2000 national earth coordinates, net adjusted data adopts the principle of gradual control to carry out; First, constraint National GPS runs station and IGS website continuously, does three-dimensional constraining adjustment, obtains GNSS and run reference station coordinate continuously; Secondly, constraint GNSS runs reference station continuously, does three-dimensional constraining adjustment, research station coordinate;

Precision statistics: statistics position coordinate precision and baseline accuracy;

Q22: leveling data process

Q221: data prediction:

Observation data arranges: arrange roll-call, distance, survey station number, the discrepancy in elevation, observation time and scale number etc.;

Leveling point coordinate: propose leveling point coordinate on route according to data with existing file; GPS point coordinate is GPS rough coordinates;

Bouguer anomaly: obtain Bouguer anomaly from gravitation information system;

Scale correction factor: to the scale in leveling observation all metering qualification unit survey before, survey after inspection;

Q222: Fixed Initial Point obtains: Fixed Initial Point height value is taken from respectively " national first order leveling repetition measurement outcome table " and " national second grade leveling changes calculation outcome table ";

Q223: level budgetary estimate:

Data correctness and consistency check: the integrality of check data and correctness, every km accident mean square error computing formula is: Δ comes and goes error of closure of height difference for surveying section, and R is for surveying segment length, and n is for surveying hop count;

Outline grid DEM: calculate a some outline elevation, for the every correction of subsequent calculations provides outline value;

Correction of Errors: levelling staff length correction, the normal not parallel correction of level surface, gravity anomaly correction, solid tide correct;

Every km measures full medial error computing formula: w is the level loop mis-tie after every correction, and F is level loop wire girth, and N is level number of rings;

Q224: compensating computation one, second-class level web adopt indirect adjustment method to carry out simultaneous adjustment, adjustment is several for element, node elevation undetermined are for unknown number to add in the round survey discrepancy in elevation after length of the scale Correction of Errors, the normal not parallel correction of level surface, gravity anomaly correction, solid tide correction, surely weigh by route survey station number, and surely weigh in proportion by first and second order leveling every km accident mean square error poor ± 0.45mm of limit and ± 1.0mm, after node elevation and route discrepancy in elevation reduction have calculated, the method conforming to route adjustment has been adopted to inquire into the elevation of other each leveling point;

Compensating computation model is: error equation V=BX-L, V correction matrix, B matrix of coefficients, X unknown number matrix, L constant term matrix;

Precision statistics: statistics adjustment weight unit medial error and the weakest point medial error;

Q23: gravimetric data processing

Q231: data compilation analysis:

Relative gravity measurement data prediction: field document collects and arrangement, comprises a bit number, gathers coordinate and elevation, arranges the contents such as relative gravity translocation data; Data processing calculates, and comprises instrument readings and is converted into milligal value, obtains preliminary observed reading, obtain last observed reading, then carry out Shanxi Province calculating, accuracy computation etc. after correction of zero drift after carrying out atmospheric pressure correction, instrument height correction, tide correction;

The arrangement of absolute gravity measurement data: comprehensive collection and the existing absolute gravity measurement achievement of arrangement, sets up absolute measurement achievement archives, arranges and analyze absolute gravity measurement data;

Q232: adjustment Scheme is determined:

Principle: during compensating computation, substantially nets employing " weak benchmark ", does not fix any pendulum point during adjustment;

Power: in compensating computation process, absolute gravity observation amount, aircraft translocation relative gravity observed quantity and all Long baselines are demarcated relative gravity observed quantity and are adopted Posterior weight all the time; Other relative gravity observed quantity adopts Robust filter again surely to weigh;

Instrument parameter: take by the few principle of as many as, successively casts out the less or amplitude of each instrument amplitude and medial error quite or the larger circular error of phase place medial error, just thinks of affecting significant periodic term, to reach the Proper Match of instrument parameter;

Q233: compensating computation:

Observed quantity: absolute observations amount and relative observation;

Error calculation equation is: V=AX-L;

Absolute gravity observation amount error equation is g _ifor the adjustment gravity value of i point, observed gravity value for the absolute gravimeter of i point measures:

Relative gravity observational error accounting equation is:

$\begin{array}{c}{V}_{\mathrm{ij}}=g_j-g_i+\underset{K=1}{\overset{M}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}(g_{\mathrm{RZi}}^K-g_{\mathrm{RZj}}^K)\·C_K+\underset{n=1}{\overset{P}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{X}_n(\cos \frac{R_i\·2\mathrm{\π}}{T_n}-\cos \frac{R_j\·2\mathrm{\π}}{T_n})\\ +\underset{n=1}{\overset{P}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{Y}_n(\sin \frac{R_i\·2\mathrm{\π}}{T_n}-\sin \frac{R_j\·2\mathrm{\π}}{T_n})\end{array}$

G _i, g _jbe respectively the gravity value after survey station i, j point adjustment, g _rZi, g _rzjbe respectively survey station i, j point through four correct the last observed reading of relative translocation, Ri, Rj instrument in the observed reading of survey station i, j point, K the scale correction factor of the M order polynomial Scale function of Ck gravity meter, X _n, Y _nthe parameter of circular error, T _nthe cycle of circular error;

Accuracy assessment: weight unit medial error m ₀computing formula be total number of n observed quantity, total number of t necessity observe amount;

Q3: the application of many nets juxtaposition resource: data above-mentioned steps obtained carry out setting up district in all parts of the country centimetre-sized high precision geoid model, continent velocity field model, national land subsidence dynamic model, are applied to foundation and the maintenance of modern geodetic datum.

Preferred as technique scheme, adopts high accuracy data process software GAMIT/GLOBK or the BERNESE software of Massachusetts Institute Technology's development to GNSS data process in described Q2 step.

Preferred as technique scheme, described Q21, Q22 and Q23 step, regardless of front and back, are carried out simultaneously.

Preferred as technique scheme, the steps flow chart that in described Q22 step, leveling data process adopts is:

According to second-order levelling specification, gather leveling network data;

Carry out scale correction; The outline height value of primary Calculation survey station;

Then carry out the quality control of leveling observation data, excluding gross error, parallel algorithm affects;

Utilize adjustment of Free Networks, imitative stable adjustment method carries out adjustment, evaluation calculates; Finally generate leveling network achievement and data processing report.

Preferred as technique scheme, the steps flow chart that in described Q23 step, gravimetric data processing adopts is:

According to " national gravity control specifications of surveys " (GB/T20256-2006), gather gravimetric network data;

Finishing analysis observation data;

Carry out data quality control, excluding gross error, parallel algorithm affects;

Carry out the corrections such as air pressure, instrument height, tide, drift; Determine rationally effective adjustment Scheme, carry out adjustment to gravimetric network, evaluation calculates; Finally generate gravimetric network achievement and data processing report.

The one that the embodiment of the present invention provides novel geodetic datum networking method, compared with traditional technology, structure is simple, by GNSS, level, gravimetric network juxtaposition, can set up high precision quasigeoid, continent velocity field model, land subsidence model, precision brings up to centimetre-sized, realizes modern geodetic datum and sets up and safeguard, enrich geologic hazard and geographical national conditions monitoring means further, reach the object of synergy.

Accompanying drawing explanation

In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, be briefly described to the accompanying drawing used required in embodiment or description of the prior art below, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the prerequisite not paying creative work, other accompanying drawing can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is the steps flow chart schematic diagram of a kind of novel geodetic datum networking method of the embodiment of the present invention 1.

Fig. 2 is the steps flow chart schematic diagram of leveling data process in the Q22 step of a kind of novel geodetic datum networking method of the embodiment of the present invention 1.

Fig. 3 is the steps flow chart schematic diagram that in the Q23 step of a kind of novel geodetic datum networking method of the embodiment of the present invention 1, gravimetric data processing adopts.

Fig. 4 is the structural representation of GNSS level gravimetric observation pier in the Q1 step of a kind of novel geodetic datum networking method of the embodiment of the present invention 1.

Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the elevation Controlling model of a kind of novel geodetic datum networking method application of the embodiment of the present invention 2.

Fig. 6 is the structural representation of the geoid model of a kind of novel geodetic datum networking method of the embodiment of the present invention 3.

Fig. 7 is the structural representation of the national land subsidence dynamic model of a kind of novel geodetic datum networking method of the embodiment of the present invention 4.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing of the present invention, be clearly and completely described technical scheme of the present invention, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.

Embodiment 1

As Figure 1-4, the one that the embodiment of the present invention provides novel geodetic datum networking method, following steps:

GNSS level gravimetric observation pier is built

As shown in Figure 4, according to GNSS leveling point observation pier construction requirements, observation pier is set up in eligible site.According to " national gravity control specifications of surveys " requirement, gravimetric observation pier is built near GNSS leveling point observation pier, and gravimetric observation pier pedestal and GNSS observe pier pier body be separated construction.

GNSS observation is observed according to " GPS (GPS) specifications of surveys " (GB/T18314-2009), and measurement of the level is measured according to " national first and second order leveling specification " (GB12897-2006).Gravimetry carries out observation data collection according to " national gravity control specifications of surveys ".

GNSS, level, gravimetric network data processing

GNSS data process

1) software

Adopt high accuracy data process software GAMIT/GLOBK or the Bemese software of Massachusetts Institute Technology's development.

2) data prediction

Data preparation: according to fieldwork observation handbook, observation data on the same day put together, data layout is Rinex form, and carries out the inspection of data correctness.

Country CORS stands Data Collection: National GPS runs the high-precision research station of Zhan Shi China geodetic surveying continuously, process National GPS run continuously station and around IGS to stand observation data.

Data normalization: use accompanying software standardization, forms observation data file and broadcast ephemeris file.

Antenna height reduction: according to antenna structure, antenna height is unified adopts observed reading reduction.

3) Baselines

Priori coordinate obtains: difference modes obtains the priori coordinate of GPS research station, and its coordinate can reach the precision within 0.1m.

Optimum configurations: other parameters such as rational height angle, troposphere, observed reading type.

Baselines: in units of year day of year, carry out Baselines.

Baseline Repeatability checking: baseline repeatability is calculated as follows

$R={\left[\frac{\frac{n}{n-1}\·\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\frac{{(C_i-C_m)}^2}{{\mathrm{\σ}}_{C_i}^2}}{\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\frac{1}{{\mathrm{\σ}}_{C_i}^2}}\right]}^{1/2}$

Wherein, n is the observation period sum of same baseline; C _ibe a period baseline component or the length of side; for i period corresponding C _ithe variance of component; C _mfor the weighted mean value of day part.

4) net adjusted data

Data detection: analysis National GPS runs station continuously and IGS stands firm qualitative, carries out χ ²inspection.

Net adjusted data: net adjusted data adopts the principle of gradual control to carry out.Under 2000 national earth coordinates, first, constraint National GPS runs station and IGS website continuously, does three-dimensional constraining adjustment, obtains GNSS and run reference station coordinate continuously; Secondly, constraint GNSS runs reference station continuously, does three-dimensional constraining adjustment, research station coordinate.

Precision statistics: statistics position coordinate precision and baseline accuracy.

Leveling data process

1) software adopts the leveling network data processing software of independent development.

2) data prediction

Observation data arranges: arrange roll-call, distance, survey station number, the discrepancy in elevation, observation time and scale number etc.

Leveling point coordinate: propose leveling point coordinate on route according to data with existing file; GPS point coordinate is GPS rough coordinates.

Bouguer anomaly: obtain Bouguer anomaly from gravitation information system.

Scale correction factor: to the scale in leveling observation all metering qualification unit survey before, survey after inspection.

3) Fixed Initial Point obtains

Fixed Initial Point height value is taken from respectively " national first order leveling repetition measurement outcome table " and " national second grade leveling changes calculation outcome table (2002) ".

4) level budgetary estimate

Data correctness and consistency check: the integrality of check data and correctness.Every km accident mean square error Δ comes and goes error of closure of height difference for surveying section, and R is for surveying segment length, and n is for surveying hop count.

Outline grid DEM: calculate a some outline elevation, for the every correction of subsequent calculations provides outline value.

Correction of Errors: levelling staff length correction, the normal not parallel correction of level surface, gravity anomaly correction, solid tide correct.

Every km measures full medial error: w is the level loop mis-tie after every correction, and F is level loop wire girth, and N is level number of rings.

5) compensating computation

Principle: one, second-class level web adopts indirect adjustment method to carry out simultaneous adjustment, adjustment is several for element, node elevation undetermined are for unknown number to add in the round survey discrepancy in elevation after length of the scale Correction of Errors, the normal not parallel correction of level surface, gravity anomaly correction, solid tide correction, surely weigh by route survey station number, and surely weigh in proportion by first and second order leveling every km accident mean square error poor ± 0.45mm of limit and ± 1.0mm, after node elevation and route discrepancy in elevation reduction have calculated, the method conforming to route adjustment has been adopted to inquire into the elevation of other each leveling point.Adjustment Models: error equation V=BX-L, V correction matrix, B matrix of coefficients, X unknown number matrix, L constant term matrix.

Precision statistics: statistics adjustment weight unit medial error and the weakest point medial error.

Gravimetric data processing

1) software adopts the gravimetric network data processing software of independent development.

2) data compilation analysis

Relative gravity measurement data prediction: field document collects and arrangement, comprises a bit number, gathers coordinate and elevation, arranges the contents such as relative gravity translocation data; Data processing calculates, and comprises instrument readings and is converted into milligal value, obtains preliminary observed reading, obtain last observed reading, then carry out Shanxi Province calculating, accuracy computation etc. after correction of zero drift after carrying out atmospheric pressure correction, instrument height correction, tide correction;

The arrangement of absolute gravity measurement data: comprehensive collection and the existing absolute gravity measurement achievement of arrangement, sets up absolute measurement achievement archives, arranges and analyze absolute gravity measurement data.

3) adjustment Scheme is determined

Principle: during compensating computation, substantially nets employing " weak benchmark ", does not fix any pendulum point during adjustment.

Power: in compensating computation process, absolute gravity observation amount, aircraft translocation relative gravity observed quantity and all Long baselines are demarcated relative gravity observed quantity and are adopted Posterior weight all the time; Other relative gravity observed quantity adopts Robust filter again surely to weigh.

Instrument parameter: take by the few principle of as many as, successively casts out the less or amplitude of each instrument amplitude and medial error quite or the larger circular error of phase place medial error, just thinks of affecting significant periodic term, to reach the Proper Match of instrument parameter.

4) compensating computation

Observed quantity: absolute observations amount and relative observation

Error equation: V=AX-L

Absolute gravity observation amount error equation is g _ifor the adjustment gravity value of i point, for the observed gravity value that the absolute gravimeter of i point measures.

Relative gravity observational error equation

$\begin{array}{c}{V}_{\mathrm{ij}}=g_j-g_i+\underset{K=1}{\overset{M}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}(g_{\mathrm{RZi}}^K-g_{\mathrm{RZj}}^K)\·C_K+\underset{n=1}{\overset{P}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{X}_n(\cos \frac{R_i\·2\mathrm{\π}}{T_n}-\cos \frac{R_j\·2\mathrm{\π}}{T_n})\\ +\underset{n=1}{\overset{P}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{Y}_n(\sin \frac{R_i\·2\mathrm{\π}}{T_n}-\sin \frac{R_j\·2\mathrm{\π}}{T_n})\end{array}$

G _i, g _jbe respectively the gravity value after survey station i, j point adjustment, g _rZi, g _rZjbe respectively survey station i, j point through four correct the last observed reading of relative translocation, Ri, Rj instrument in the observed reading of survey station i, j point, K the scale correction factor of the M order polynomial Scale function of Ck gravity meter, X _n, Y _nthe parameter of circular error, T _nthe cycle of circular error.

Accuracy assessment: weight unit medial error m ₀computing formula be total number of n observed quantity, total number of t necessity observe amount.

Embodiment 2

As shown in Figure 5, national vertical control network realizes the framework that geographical information space locates high process control, according to precision height cloth survey one, two, three, Leveling Survey net.In order to meet China's economic construction and national defense construction needs, complete country's first phase one, second-class level web the 1950's to the sixties.State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping is in the enforcement period of the ninth five-year plan once to country's first phase one, the unified process of second-class level web in addition, and this net has nearly 400 routes, and more than 100 closed hoop, overall length is km more than 100,000.1976 to 1984, Deng Duojia unit of State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping carried out national second phase first order leveling net testing, and within 1991 to 1997, State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping has carried out national second phase first order leveling net repetition measurement.

Embodiment 3

As shown in Figure 6, the present embodiment provides geoid model, make full use of many nets juxtaposition GNSS, the resources such as level and actual measurement gravity, adopt advanced quasigeoid determination theory and means, complete Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Shandong, Anhui, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Ningxia, provincial region such as 20, Chongqing etc. and Xi'an, Nanjing, Chengdu, Lanzhou, Dalian, Jinan, Yinchuan, Qingdao, Xianyang, the determination work of urban area, Baoji etc. more or less a hundred high precision quasigeoid, provincial region quasigeoid precision is+4-± 8cm, urban area quasigeoid precision is ± 1-± 2cm.These quasigeoid achievements can be directly used in large scale GPS mapping, boat takes the photograph the Surveying Engineering such as mapping, coastal ocean environmental monitoring and construction lofting, greatly improve technical conditions and the work pattern of this area mapping operations, accelerate the construction of " Digital CHINA ", " digital province ", " numeric area ", " digital city ", will there is important scientific meaning, economic benefit and social benefit.

The quasigeoid that China uses now is low for CQG2000 low precision, resolution, can not meet Modern Geodesy development need.Therefore, utilize National modern Surveying & Mapping Benchmark first stage of the project, 927 first stage of the project, integration each province and city have many nets juxtaposition data such as Precision Quasi-geoid Determining, satellite surveys the basic datas such as high and Satellite gravity, setting up the unified geoid model in sea, a land is the requirement that current geodetic surveying develops.

Embodiment 4

As shown in Figure 7, present embodiments provide national land subsidence dynamic model, China's land subsidence form is severe, and have 50 cities to occur serious land subsidence at present, urban largest cumulative settling amount is more than 3m.On February 20th, 2010, State Council approved " 2011-2020 whole nation land subsidence control program ".Therefore, setting up national land subsidence dynamic model is currently need the important engineering of carrying out badly.The industries such as mapping, geology have carried out corresponding regional land subsidence dynamic model research; as areas such as the North China Plain, Fen-Wei basin, Shanghai, Tianjin; GPS, InSAR data are mainly utilized to establish regional land subsidence model; for China's geologic media and land subsidence preventing and controlling provide decision-making foundation; to the safety guaranteeing environmental resource, urban construction, Important Project and infrastructure; safeguard life property safety of people, promote that coordinated development of the economy and society has important trend of the times meaning.Leveling data of many phases, gravimetric data also can more reliably reflect land subsidence situation, therefore, utilize many nets concatenated data resource can set up more reliable, practical land subsidence model, for hazards control provides basic data.

By resource juxtapositions such as GNSS Controling network, leveling network, gravimetric networks, the data such as comprehensive utilization InSAR, the hydrology, geology, set up national Quasi-geoid with Centimeter Level model, continent velocity field model, national land subsidence dynamic model, realize foundation and the maintenance of modern geodetic datum, all the time the science of geodetic datum, advance, Up-to-date state, practicality is ensured, the modernization of trend of the times geodetic datum system, informationization.

The above; be only the specific embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, is anyly familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; change can be expected easily or replace, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should described be as the criterion with the protection domain of claim.

Claims (5)

1. a novel geodetic datum networking method, it is characterized in that, step is as follows:

Q1:GNSS level gravimetric observation pier is built: according to " national gravity control specifications of surveys ", and gravimetric observation pier is built near GNSS leveling point observation pier, and gravimetric observation pier pedestal and GNSS observe pier pier body be separated construction; Wherein, reference point observation pier markstone is of a size of 1200mm × 1200mm × 1000mm, and should stay the wide shock insulation groove for 0.1m around markstone with ground, fill out with polyfoam, markstone must not be less than 0.5m apart from wall, at a distance of being greater than 0.8m between two observation piers;

Q2:GNSS, level, gravimetric network data acquisition and procession: GNSS observation is observed according to GPS specifications of surveys, measurement of the level is according to national first and second order leveling criterion, and gravimetry carries out observation data collection according to national gravity control specifications of surveys;

Q21:GNSS data processing:

Q211: data preparation: according to fieldwork observation handbook, observation data is on the same day put together, and carries out the inspection of data correctness;

Country CORS stands Data Collection: National GPS runs the high-precision research station of Zhan Shi China geodetic surveying continuously, process National GPS run continuously station and around IGS to stand observation data;

Data normalization: use accompanying software standardization, forms observation data file and broadcast ephemeris file;

Antenna height reduction: according to antenna structure, antenna height is unified adopts observed reading reduction;

Q212: Baselines

Priori coordinate obtains: difference modes obtains the priori coordinate of GPS research station, and its coordinate can reach 0.1 _mwithin precision;

Optimum configurations: other parameters such as rational height angle, troposphere, observed reading type;

Baselines: in units of year day of year, carry out Baselines;

Baseline Repeatability checking: baseline repeatability is calculated as follows;

$R={\left[\frac{\frac{n}{n-1}\·\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\frac{{(C_i-C_m)}^2}{{\mathrm{\σ}}_{C_i}^2}}{\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\frac{1}{{\mathrm{\σ}}_{C_i}^1}}\right]}^{1/2}$

Wherein, n is the observation period sum of same baseline; C _ibe a period baseline component or the length of side; for i period corresponding C _ithe variance of component; C _mfor the weighted mean value of day part;

Q213: net adjusted data

Data detection: analysis National GPS runs station continuously and IGS stands firm qualitative, carries out χ ²inspection;

Net adjusted data: under 2000 national earth coordinates, net adjusted data adopts the principle of gradual control to carry out; First, constraint National GPS runs station and IGS website continuously, does three-dimensional constraining adjustment, obtains GNSS and run reference station coordinate continuously; Secondly, constraint GNSS runs reference station continuously, does three-dimensional constraining adjustment, research station coordinate;

Precision statistics: statistics position coordinate precision and baseline accuracy;

Q22: leveling data process

Q221: data prediction:

Observation data arranges: arrange roll-call, distance, survey station number, the discrepancy in elevation, observation time and scale number etc.;

Leveling point coordinate: propose leveling point coordinate on route according to data with existing file; GPS point coordinate is GPS rough coordinates;

Bouguer anomaly: obtain Bouguer anomaly from gravitation information system;

Scale correction factor: to the scale in leveling observation all metering qualification unit survey before, survey after inspection;

Q222: Fixed Initial Point obtains: Fixed Initial Point height value is taken from respectively " national first order leveling repetition measurement outcome table " and " national second grade leveling changes calculation outcome table "

Q223: level budgetary estimate:

Data correctness and consistency check: the integrality of check data and correctness, every km accident mean square error computing formula is: Δ comes and goes error of closure of height difference for surveying section, and R is for surveying segment length, and n is for surveying hop count;

Outline grid DEM: calculate a some outline elevation, for the every correction of subsequent calculations provides outline value;

Correction of Errors: levelling staff length correction, the normal not parallel correction of level surface, gravity anomaly correction, solid tide correct;

Every km measures full medial error computing formula: w is the level loop mis-tie after every correction, and F is level loop wire girth, and N is level number of rings;

Q224: compensating computation one, second-class level web adopt indirect adjustment method to carry out simultaneous adjustment, adjustment is several for element, node elevation undetermined are for unknown number to add in the round survey discrepancy in elevation after length of the scale Correction of Errors, the normal not parallel correction of level surface, gravity anomaly correction, solid tide correction, surely weigh by route survey station number, and surely weigh in proportion by first and second order leveling every km accident mean square error poor ± 0.45mm of limit and ± 1.0mm, after node elevation and route discrepancy in elevation reduction have calculated, the method conforming to route adjustment has been adopted to inquire into the elevation of other each leveling point;

Compensating computation model is: error equation V=BX-L, V correction matrix, B matrix of coefficients, X unknown number matrix, L constant term matrix;

Precision statistics: statistics adjustment weight unit medial error and the weakest point medial error;

Q23: gravimetric data processing

Q231: data compilation analysis:

Relative gravity measurement data prediction: field document collects and arrangement, comprises a bit number, gathers coordinate and elevation, arranges the contents such as relative gravity translocation data; Data processing calculates, and comprises instrument readings and is converted into milligal value, obtains preliminary observed reading, obtain last observed reading, then carry out Shanxi Province calculating, accuracy computation etc. after correction of zero drift after carrying out atmospheric pressure correction, instrument height correction, tide correction;

The arrangement of absolute gravity measurement data: comprehensive collection and the existing absolute gravity measurement achievement of arrangement, sets up absolute measurement achievement archives, arranges and analyze absolute gravity measurement data;

Q232: adjustment Scheme is determined:

Principle: during compensating computation, substantially nets employing " weak benchmark ", does not fix any pendulum point during adjustment;

Power: in compensating computation process, absolute gravity observation amount, aircraft translocation relative gravity observed quantity and all Long baselines are demarcated relative gravity observed quantity and are adopted Posterior weight all the time; Other relative gravity observed quantity adopts Robust filter again surely to weigh;

Instrument parameter: take by the few principle of as many as, successively casts out the less or amplitude of each instrument amplitude and medial error quite or the larger circular error of phase place medial error, just thinks of affecting significant periodic term, to reach the Proper Match of instrument parameter;

Q233: compensating computation:

Observed quantity: absolute observations amount and relative observation;

Error calculation equation is: V=AX-L;

Absolute gravity observation amount error equation is g _ifor the adjustment gravity value of i point, observed gravity value for the absolute gravimeter of i point measures:

Relative gravity observational error accounting equation is:

$\begin{array}{c}{V}_{\mathrm{ij}}=g_j-g_i+\underset{K=1}{\overset{M}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}(g_{\mathrm{RZi}}^K-g_{\mathrm{RZj}}^K)\·C_K+\underset{n=1}{\overset{P}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{X}_n(\cos \frac{R_i\·2\mathrm{\π}}{T_n}-\cos \frac{R_j\·2\mathrm{\π}}{T_n})\\ +\underset{n=1}{\overset{P}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{Y}_n(\sin \frac{R_i\·2\mathrm{\π}}{T_n}-\sin \frac{R_j\·2\mathrm{\π}}{T_n})\end{array}$

G _i, g _jbe respectively the gravity value after survey station i, j point adjustment, g _rZi, g _rZjbe respectively survey station i, j point through four correct the last observed reading of relative translocation, Ri, Rj instrument in the observed reading of survey station i, j point, K the scale correction factor of the M order polynomial Scale function of Ck gravity meter, X _n, Y _nthe parameter of circular error, T _nthe cycle of circular error;

Accuracy assessment: weight unit medial error m ₀computing formula be total number of n observed quantity, total number of t necessity observe amount;

Q3: the application of many nets juxtaposition resource: data above-mentioned steps obtained carry out setting up district in all parts of the country centimetre-sized high precision geoid model, continent velocity field model, national land subsidence dynamic model, are applied to foundation and the maintenance of modern geodetic datum.

2. one according to claim 1 novel geodetic datum networking method, is characterized in that, in described Q2 step, GNSS data process is adopted to the high accuracy data process software of Massachusetts Institute Technology's development

GAMIT/GLOBK or BERNESE software.

3. one according to claim 1 novel geodetic datum networking method, is characterized in that, described Q21, Q22 and Q23 step, regardless of front and back, are carried out simultaneously.

4. one according to claim 1 novel geodetic datum networking method, is characterized in that, the steps flow chart that in described Q22 step, leveling data process adopts is:

According to second-order levelling specification, gather leveling network data;

Carry out scale correction; The outline height value of primary Calculation survey station;

Then carry out the quality control of leveling observation data, excluding gross error, parallel algorithm affects;

Utilize adjustment of Free Networks, imitative stable adjustment method carries out adjustment, evaluation calculates; Finally generate leveling network achievement and data processing report.

5. one according to claim 1 novel geodetic datum networking method, is characterized in that, the steps flow chart that in described Q23 step, gravimetric data processing adopts is:

According to " national gravity control specifications of surveys ", gather gravimetric network data;

Finishing analysis observation data;

Carry out data quality control, excluding gross error, parallel algorithm affects;

Carry out the corrections such as air pressure, instrument height, tide, drift; Determine rationally effective adjustment Scheme, carry out adjustment to gravimetric network, evaluation calculates; Finally generate gravimetric network achievement and data processing report.