CN105081568A - Laser welding method - Google Patents
Laser welding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105081568A CN105081568A CN201410163798.1A CN201410163798A CN105081568A CN 105081568 A CN105081568 A CN 105081568A CN 201410163798 A CN201410163798 A CN 201410163798A CN 105081568 A CN105081568 A CN 105081568A
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- laser
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- welded region
- laser welding
- oxide layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
- B23K26/123—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an atmosphere of particular gases
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a laser welding method. The laser welding method comprises following steps: pre-processing an area to be welded of a workpiece by laser radiation; forming an oxidation layer on the surface of the area to be welded of the workpiece after preprocessing; and carrying out laser welding operation on the workpiece after preprocessing.The laser welding method has following beneficial effects: reflectivity of the area to be welded of the workpiece is significantly decreased; laser absorptivity of material is increased; energy loss is remarkably decreased; the laser welding method is simple in technology and low in cost; without utilizing other material, oxidation of the area to be welded is achieved and therefore introduction of impurity particles is reduced and welding strength is ensured; the workpiece can be welded by adoption of low power; an broad application prospect in fields such as welding and packaging of high-reflectivity material and the like is obtained.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to welding technology field, particularly relate to a kind of method for laser welding.
Background technology
Due to the material such as aluminium, copper to the sharp light reflectance of wavelength 1064nm higher than 90%, the welding that realize the highly reflective material such as aluminium, copper is a difficult problem always.Generally need the laser instrument of more than multikilowatt could realize the welding of the highly reflective material such as aluminium, copper, not only can cause the significant wastage of energy, and if soldering angle control improper, reverberation can be caused directly to enter laser head, damage optical system.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of method for laser welding that can improve material for laser light absorptivity.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of method for laser welding, comprises the following steps:
Irradiated by laser and carry out pretreatment to the to-be-welded region of workpiece, the to-be-welded region surface at described workpiece after pretreatment forms layer of oxide layer; And
Laser weld is carried out to described pretreated workpiece.
Wherein in an embodiment, the thickness of described oxide layer is 10 μm ~ 50 μm.
Wherein in an embodiment, described irradiation by laser is carried out pretreatment to the to-be-welded region of workpiece and is comprised the following steps:
The to-be-welded region of described workpiece is positioned;
Utilize the to-be-welded region of the first laser instrument to described workpiece to scan, the to-be-welded region surface at described workpiece after scanned forms layer of oxide layer; And
Remove the dirt on described oxide layer surface, and carry out wiping with solvent.
Wherein in an embodiment, described first laser instrument is pulse laser, and the wavelength of the Emission Lasers of described pulse laser is 355nm ~ 1064nm, pulse width be nanosecond or nanosecond following magnitude.
Wherein in an embodiment, in the described process utilizing the to-be-welded region of the first laser instrument to described workpiece to scan, the power output of described first laser instrument is 30W ~ 50W, and sweep speed is 5m/s ~ 10m/s, and spot size is 50 ~ 80 μm.
Wherein in an embodiment, described irradiation by laser is carried out in pretreated process to the to-be-welded region of workpiece, by ccd image system and scanning galvanometer controlled oxidization path and oxidation depth.
Wherein in an embodiment, describedly laser weld carried out to described pretreated workpiece comprise the following steps:
Described pretreated workpiece is fixed; And
Under atmosphere of inert gases, second laser is utilized to weld along the oxide layer of described workpiece.
Wherein in an embodiment, the power of described second laser is 200W ~ 1000W.
Wherein in an embodiment, described when utilizing second laser to weld along the oxide layer of described workpiece, speed of welding is 3mm/s ~ 5mm/s, and defocusing amount is 0mm ~+5mm.
Wherein in an embodiment, described workpiece comprises copper workpiece and aluminum workpiece.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
Method for laser welding of the present invention, before carrying out laser weld to workpiece, first carries out pretreatment to the to-be-welded region of workpiece, makes the to-be-welded region surface of workpiece form layer of oxide layer.When the laser that the first laser instrument is launched gets to the to-be-welded region surface of workpiece, because the heat of laser is higher, can make the to-be-welded region surface of workpiece that oxidation reaction occurs, form oxide layer; And, when laser gets to the to-be-welded region surface of workpiece, surface of the work has some particles and is gone out by laser splash or at high temperature gasify, therefore, after the first laser scans, the to-be-welded region surface of workpiece can form some fine structures, increases the roughness on the to-be-welded region surface of workpiece.Usually, the reflectivity of metallic film is higher than the reflectivity of corresponding metal-oxide film, and roughness is higher, and reflectivity is lower.Therefore, after pretreatment, greatly reduce the reflectivity of the to-be-welded region of workpiece, improve the absorptivity of material for laser light.Meanwhile, due to the to-be-welded region reflectance reduction of workpiece, the laser instrument of lower-wattage can be adopted to weld workpiece, method for laser welding of the present invention has broad application prospects in the field such as welding, encapsulation of the highly reflective material such as copper, aluminium.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The structural representation of the method for laser welding institute operative installations that Fig. 1 is an embodiment.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment.It should be noted that, when not conflicting, the embodiment in the application and the feature in embodiment can combine mutually.
The invention provides a kind of method for laser welding, be applicable to the welding of the workpiece that metal material is made, be particularly useful for the welding of the workpiece that the highly reflective material such as copper, aluminium is made, this method for laser welding can significantly improve the absorptivity of workpiece to laser, solves the problem that need use multikilowatt above laser instrument when welding highly reflective material.
Method for laser welding of the present invention comprises the following steps:
S100: irradiated by laser and carry out pretreatment to the to-be-welded region of workpiece, the to-be-welded region surface at workpiece after pretreatment forms layer of oxide layer.
In the present invention, before carrying out laser weld, first carry out pretreatment to the to-be-welded region of workpiece, this preprocessing process has been irradiated by laser.After pretreatment, the to-be-welded region surface of workpiece forms layer of oxide layer.Usually, workpiece is that metal material is made, and the color of the more corresponding metal of the color of most metals oxide wants dark; Generally, the color of workpiece is darker, and reflectivity is lower, and therefore, after pretreatment, the to-be-welded region reflectance reduction of workpiece, absorptivity increases.
When the laser that the first laser instrument is launched gets to the to-be-welded region surface of workpiece, because the heat of laser is higher, can make the to-be-welded region surface of workpiece that oxidation reaction occurs, form oxide layer; Further, when laser gets to the to-be-welded region surface of workpiece, surface of the work has some particles and is gone out by laser splash or at high temperature gasify.Therefore, after the first laser scans, the to-be-welded region surface of workpiece can form some fine structures, increases the roughness on the to-be-welded region surface of workpiece.Usually, the reflectivity of metallic film is higher than the reflectivity of corresponding metal-oxide film.Such as, when workpiece is made up of the material of the high reflectance such as copper, aluminium, the reflectivity of aluminium oxide or cupric oxide is less than the reflectivity of aluminium or copper, and therefore, oxide layer can reduce the reflectivity of the to-be-welded region of workpiece; And fine structure adds the roughness of surface of the work, roughness is higher, and reflectivity is lower, and thus, fine structure reduce further the reflectivity of the to-be-welded region of workpiece.
In this step, the thickness (i.e. oxidation depth) of oxide layer is determined according to concrete workpiece and welding requirements.Usually, workpiece to be welded is thicker, and the weld strength of requirement is higher, and oxide layer is also correspondingly thicker.Preferably, the thickness of oxide layer is 10 μm ~ 50 μm, and this thickness effectively can not only reduce reflectivity, and technique simply, easily realizes.
Preferably, carry out pretreatment by sharp light-struck mode to the to-be-welded region of workpiece to comprise the steps:
S110: the to-be-welded region of workpiece is positioned.
The effect of this step is the particular location determining to weld, and preferably, CCD (Charge-coupledDevice, the Charged Couple original paper) picture system that is located through of to-be-welded region realizes.Concrete grammar is as follows:
First, find laser spot relative to the coordinate (X of ccd image center (generally having cross hairs with a scale)
0, Y
0); Then, by the workbench at travelling workpiece place, the central point in the region to be welded of workpiece is overlapped completely with ccd image central point (being generally cross hairs center), then travelling table is to relative position (X
0, Y
0) place, namely complete the location to to-be-welded region.
S120: utilize the to-be-welded region of the first laser instrument to workpiece to scan, the to-be-welded region surface at workpiece after scanned forms layer of oxide layer.
In this step, the first laser instrument is preferably pulse laser, and the wavelength of Emission Lasers is 355nm ~ 1064nm, and pulse width is less than or equal to nanosecond order.Pulse laser can realize, to the accurate control of workpiece scanning pattern (i.e. oxidation pathway), only scanning in to-be-welded region, avoids causing damage to other positions of workpiece.
Wherein in an embodiment, in the process scanned the to-be-welded region of workpiece, the power output of pulse laser is 30W ~ 50W, and sweep speed is preferably 5m/s ~ 10m/s, and spot size is 50 μm ~ 70 μm.Under the above parameters, effectively can not only reduce the loss of energy of lasers, and the accurate control of laser instrument to workpiece scanning pattern can be realized, the uniformity of oxide layer formed after increasing scanning, and then increase the uniformity of weld seam after laser weld.
S130: the dirt removing oxide layer surface, and carry out wiping with solvent.
Due to after the first laser scans, oxide layer surface can remain some impurity and dirt, in order to ensure welding quality, before workpiece is welded, also need to process the oxide regions of workpiece, by the dirt removal on oxide layer surface, and clean with solvent wiping, and this solvent is preferably acetone.
Above-mentioned pretreatment mode technique is simple, with low cost, and oxidation evenly; Significantly can reduce the reflectivity of the to-be-welded region of workpiece; Further, being irradiated by laser and carry out pretreatment, without the need to realizing the oxidation of the to-be-welded region of workpiece by other materials, because this reducing the introducing of foreign particle, in follow-up welding process, effectively ensure that weldquality.
S200: laser weld is carried out to pretreated workpiece.
As a kind of embodiment, laser weld is carried out to pretreated workpiece and comprises the steps:
S210: pretreated workpiece is fixed.
Before welding, need first workpiece to be welded to be fixed on the table, to ensure precision and the accuracy of welding.Usually, workpiece to be welded is fixed by fixture.
S220: under atmosphere of inert gases, utilizes second laser to weld along the oxide layer of workpiece.
After pretreatment is carried out to the to-be-welded region of workpiece, because the to-be-welded region of workpiece forms oxide layer, therefore, the to-be-welded region reflectance reduction of workpiece, the absorptivity of incident laser is increased, even if workpiece is the highly reflective material such as copper, aluminium when making, adopt the lower laser instrument of power also can complete welding process.As preferably, the power of second laser is 200W ~ 1000W.Utilize lower powered laser instrument, decrease the waste of energy, reduce cost, reduce probability laser optical system being caused to damage.
Preferably, in welding process, speed of welding is 3mm/s ~ 5mm/s, and defocusing amount is 0mm ~+5mm, is conducive to the uniformity increasing weld seam, strengthens weld strength.
As a kind of embodiment, inert gas adopts argon gas, and its preparation is simple, with low cost; And there is stable chemical property, not easily react with other materials, preferably protective effect can be played.
After pretreatment, the reflectivity of to-be-welded region to incident laser of workpiece obviously reduces, therefore, the welding of lower powered laser instrument to the material of the high reflectance such as copper, aluminium can be realized, effectively reduce the loss of energy, avoid the damage because reflectivity is too high, laser optical system caused in welding process; Simultaneously because the to-be-welded region of workpiece increases the absorptivity of incident laser, the melting rate of the to-be-welded region of workpiece is accelerated, and then improves bonding speed.
It should be noted that, in the present invention, the power of laser instrument refers to the peak power output of laser instrument, and the power output of laser instrument refers to the real output of laser instrument in the course of work.
See Fig. 1, carrying out in pretreated process above by sharp light-struck mode to the to-be-welded region of workpiece, oxidation pathway (namely the first laser instrument 100 is along the scanning pattern of the to-be-welded region of workpiece) and oxidation depth (i.e. the thickness of oxide layer) are controlled by ccd image system 500 and scanning galvanometer 600, and detailed process is as follows:
(1) be placed on workbench 400 by workpiece 300, preferably, workbench 400 is servo-worktable, and is connected with control system 700, workbench 400 action under the control of control system 700; Ccd image system 500 is placed in the top of workpiece 300, ccd image system 500 is connected with control system 700 simultaneously, the to-be-welded region of ccd image system 500 pairs of workpiece 300 positions, and the optical image of the workpiece monitored is converted to data signal sends to control system 700.
(2) by control system 700 travelling table 400, workpiece 300 is made to be positioned at immediately below scanning galvanometer 600; Be communicated with the light path of the first laser instrument 100 to scanning galvanometer 600, and the first laser instrument 100 is electrically connected to control system 700, regulated the parameters such as the sweep speed of the first laser instrument 100, power output and spot size by control system 700.
(3), after having scanned, the to-be-welded region of workpiece 300 forms layer of oxide layer.
By ccd image system 500 and scanning galvanometer 600, make preprocessing process realize automation, add pretreated speed; Simultaneously; the laser that ccd image system 500 and scanning galvanometer 600 make the first laser instrument 100 launch carries out accurate scan along oxide regions; the accurate control of oxidation depth and oxidation pathway can be realized; and then improve the uniformity of oxide layer, be beneficial to the laser weld in subsequent step and protect workpiece.
Continue see Fig. 1, pretreatment and welding process can be realized by same set of equipment.Be communicated with second laser 200 light path to scanning galvanometer 600, second laser 200 be electrically connected with control system 700 simultaneously, regulated the parameters such as the power output of second laser 200, speed of welding and defocusing amount by control system 700.
Method for laser welding of the present invention, before laser weld is carried out to workpiece, first pretreatment is carried out to the to-be-welded region of workpiece, the to-be-welded region surface of workpiece is made to form layer of oxide layer, thus the to-be-welded region of workpiece is increased the absorptivity of incident laser, reduce energy loss, avoid the damage of the too high laser optical system caused of reflectivity due to workpiece.
The present invention utilizes laser irradiation to carry out pretreatment, and technique is simple, with low cost, without the need to realizing the oxidation of the to-be-welded region of workpiece by other materials, because this reducing the introducing of foreign particle, ensure that weld strength.
Further, because the to-be-welded region of workpiece increases the absorptivity of incident laser, the melting rate of the to-be-welded region of workpiece is accelerated, and then improves bonding speed.
In addition, method for laser welding of the present invention achieves the accurate control to oxidation pathway and oxidation depth by ccd image system and scanning galvanometer, improves the uniformity of oxidation, thus improves the uniformity of weld seam, effectively ensure that weldquality; Meanwhile, lower powered laser instrument can be adopted to carry out the welding of workpiece, reduce further energy loss, have broad application prospects in the field such as welding, encapsulation of highly reflective material.
The present invention is further illustrated below by three specific embodiments.
Embodiment 1
Be that the copper plate of 0.5mm cuts into 40mm × 80mm by thickness, place on the table; The to-be-welded region of ccd image system to copper plate is utilized to position; After having located, start workbench, make copper plate move on to immediately below scanning galvanometer; Open the first laser instrument and scanning galvanometer, wherein, first laser instrument is wavelength is 1064nm, power is the picosecond laser of 300W, by control system, the transmitting power of the first laser instrument is adjusted to 30W, sweep speed is set to 5m/s, the laser then utilizing focal beam spot to be 70um carries out pretreatment to copper plate, forms the oxide layer that thickness is 10 μm.
The copper plate complete to above-mentioned pretreatment carries out the test of reflectivity, and test result is: the sharp light reflectance of pretreated region to 1064nm is 75%, and the sharp light reflectance of not pretreated region to 1064nm is 93%.Visible, the reflectivity in the region after pretreated significantly reduces.
After pretreatment completes, remove the dirt on oxide layer surface, and thoroughly clean up with acetone; Second laser is then utilized to weld.Wherein, the continuous wave optical fiber laser of second laser to be power be 500W, in welding process, by control system, the power output of second laser is adjusted to 239W, speed of welding is adjusted to 5mm/s, defocusing amount is adjusted to+5mm.
Embodiment 2
Be that the aluminium sheet of 0.5mm cuts into 40mm × 80mm by thickness, place on the table; The to-be-welded region of ccd image system to aluminium sheet is utilized to position; After having located, start workbench, make aluminium sheet move on to immediately below scanning galvanometer; Open the first laser instrument and scanning galvanometer, wherein, first laser instrument is wavelength is 355nm, power is the picosecond laser of 90W, by control system, the transmitting power of the first laser instrument is adjusted to 50W, sweep speed is set to 10m/s, the laser then utilizing focal beam spot to be 50um carries out pretreatment to aluminium sheet, forms the oxide layer that thickness is 50 μm.
The aluminium sheet complete to above-mentioned pretreatment carries out the test of reflectivity, and test result is: the sharp light reflectance of pretreated region to 1064nm is 70%, and the sharp light reflectance of not pretreated region to 1064nm is 92%.Visible, the reflectivity in the region after pretreated significantly reduces.
After pretreatment completes, remove the dirt on oxide layer surface, and thoroughly clean up with acetone; Second laser is then utilized to weld.Wherein, the continuous wave optical fiber laser of second laser to be power be 500W, in welding process, by control system, the power output of second laser is adjusted to 300W, speed of welding is adjusted to 3mm/s, defocusing amount is adjusted to 0mm.
Embodiment 3
Be that the copper plate of 0.5mm cuts into 40mm × 80mm by thickness, place on the table; The to-be-welded region of ccd image system to copper plate is utilized to position; After having located, start workbench, make copper plate move on to immediately below scanning galvanometer; Open the first laser instrument and scanning galvanometer, wherein, first laser instrument is wavelength is 850nm, power is the nanosecond laser of 200W, by control system, the transmitting power of the first laser instrument is adjusted to 40W, sweep speed is set to 8m/s, the laser then utilizing focal beam spot to be 80um carries out pretreatment to copper plate, forms the oxide layer that thickness is 30 μm.
The copper plate complete to above-mentioned pretreatment carries out the test of reflectivity, and test result is: the sharp light reflectance of pretreated region to 1064nm is 68%, and the sharp light reflectance of not pretreated region to 1064nm is 93%.Visible, the reflectivity in the region after pretreated significantly reduces.
After pretreatment completes, remove the dirt on oxide layer surface, and thoroughly clean up with acetone; Second laser is then utilized to weld.Wherein, the continuous wave optical fiber laser of second laser to be power be 600W, in welding process, by control system, the power output of second laser is adjusted to 500W, speed of welding is adjusted to 4mm/s, defocusing amount is adjusted to+3mm.
The above embodiment only have expressed several embodiment of the present invention, and it describes comparatively concrete and detailed, but therefore can not be interpreted as the restriction to the scope of the claims of the present invention.It should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some distortion and improvement, these all belong to protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, the protection domain of patent of the present invention should be as the criterion with claims.
Claims (10)
1. a method for laser welding, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Irradiated by laser and carry out pretreatment to the to-be-welded region of workpiece, the to-be-welded region surface at described workpiece after pretreatment forms layer of oxide layer; And
Laser weld is carried out to described pretreated workpiece.
2. method for laser welding according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the thickness of described oxide layer is 10 μm ~ 50 μm.
3. method for laser welding according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described irradiation by laser is carried out pretreatment to the to-be-welded region of workpiece and comprised the following steps:
The to-be-welded region of described workpiece is positioned;
Utilize the to-be-welded region of the first laser instrument to described workpiece to scan, the to-be-welded region surface at described workpiece after scanned forms layer of oxide layer; And
Remove the dirt on described oxide layer surface, and carry out wiping with solvent.
4. method for laser welding according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described first laser instrument is pulse laser, and the wavelength of the Emission Lasers of described pulse laser is 355nm ~ 1064nm, pulse width be nanosecond or nanosecond following magnitude.
5. method for laser welding according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, in the described process utilizing the to-be-welded region of the first laser instrument to described workpiece to scan, the power output of described first laser instrument is 30W ~ 50W, sweep speed is 5m/s ~ 10m/s, and spot size is 50 ~ 80 μm.
6. method for laser welding according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described irradiation by laser is carried out in pretreated process to the to-be-welded region of workpiece, by ccd image system and scanning galvanometer controlled oxidization path and oxidation depth.
7. the method for laser welding according to any one of claim 1 ~ 6, is characterized in that, describedly carries out laser weld to described pretreated workpiece and comprises the following steps:
Described pretreated workpiece is fixed; And
Under atmosphere of inert gases, second laser is utilized to weld along the oxide layer of described workpiece.
8. method for laser welding according to claim 7, is characterized in that, the power of described second laser is 200W ~ 1000W.
9. method for laser welding according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described when utilizing second laser to weld along the oxide layer of described workpiece, speed of welding is 3mm/s ~ 5mm/s, and defocusing amount is 0mm ~+5mm.
10. method for laser welding according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described workpiece comprises copper workpiece and aluminum workpiece.
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