CN105075692A - Winter wheat annual ridge culture and furrow irrigation yield prediction and irrigation quality assessment method - Google Patents
Winter wheat annual ridge culture and furrow irrigation yield prediction and irrigation quality assessment method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a winter wheat annual ridge culture and furrow irrigation yield prediction method and irrigation quality assessment method. By obtaining the influence factors such as the annual average temperature T, the multi-year average precipitation R, the average hours of sunshine H, the frost-free season T0, and the water consumption during the whole growth period of crops through measurement, the wheat predicted yield S and the irrigation quality assessment value Index are obtained. Through experiments and mathematical calculations, yield prediction and irrigation quality assessment for winter wheat annual ridge culture and furrow irrigation are realized, so that the agricultural water using efficiency is increased, the irrigation water is saved, the yield is increased and the objectives of agricultural efficiency increase and farmer income increase are achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural planting, field irrigation, be a kind of novel plantation and irrigation evaluation method, belong to agricultural engineering field.
Background technology
For alleviating drought in North China semiarid zone lack of water situation, accelerating farmland water-saving paces, promoting irrigated area high-efficiency agriculture and modern agricultural development, pushing forward water-saving society establishment comprehensively.Just need actively to change cropping system, search for effective Water Saving Irrigation Mode, spread resisting drought saving water technology is effectively improve agricultural irrigation water availability, realize the reality need of agricultural water conservation, also be guide peasant to change irrigation idea, reduce water resource waste, realize the inevitable choice of agricultural sustainable development.At present, traditional conventional flat planting method, there is moisture after irrigation wastes serious phenomenon, and water resource utilization efficiency is not high.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the present invention aim to provide a kind of plantation simple, irrigate easy, can improve the planting patterns of water use efficiency and water production efficiency, this planting patterns is particularly useful for the area of northern arid and semi-arid lack of water.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows: at land for growing field crops ditching ridging, and ridge is trapezoidal ridge.First (1) bedder-planter: ridging specification is ridge face width 70cm, furrow bottom width 20cm top width 40cm, ridge height 20cm; And four lines wheat is sowed on face, ridge, winter wheat narrow row is apart from 14cm, wide line-spacing 22cm, and seeding quantity is 35 ~ 500,000/mu.(2) irrigate through furrow: utilize furrow to pour water, require not pour water unrestrained ridge, wherein watering period, frequency of irrigation are identical with conventional method, and irrigation quantity irrigates through furrow few than traditional furrow.The examination soil texture is supplied to be silt loam, simultaneously by the physical and chemical effect to soil, the described average dry density for examination soil is set between 1.35g/cm3 ~ 1.45g/cm3, field capacity is between 24% ~ 34%, soil organic matter average content is 0.87% ~ 0.97%, full nitrogen average content 0.0539% ~ 0.0619%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen average content 45-60ppm, rapid available phosphorus average content 11.8ppm ~ 12.8ppm, available potassium 104.4ppm ~ 105.4ppm; Wheat forecast production S (unit jin) and the quality evaluation Index that pours water (unit %) is carried out according to factor of influence.
According to measurement, obtain average temperature of the whole year T (unit DEG C), mean annual precipitation R (unit mm), average sunshine duration H (unit h), frost-free season T
0(unit sky);
According to the match value of the wheat yield S of the described anniversary ridge furrow irrigation of above correlation technique factor prediction, the match value of the wheat yield S of described anniversary ridge furrow irrigation affected by crop water consumption in the time of infertility and natural environment two parts factor;
At present, the relation adopting quadratic function relation and formula (1) to represent the wheat yield S of described crop water consumption in the time of infertility and described anniversary ridge furrow irrigation more:
S＝aET
2+bET+c(1)
In formula: ET is crop water consumption in the time of infertility (mm), and a, b, c are respectively the different regression coefficient for matching;
Described wheat yield S appears at dS/dET=0 place, and the water consumption value defining described dS/dET=0 place is ETmax, substitutes into formula (1), then described ETmax=-b/2a;
At present, the relation adopting linear function relation and formula two to describe described natural environment and described wheat yield S more:
S＝T
0×H(ET×T-R)(2)
Total yield effect coefficient is obtained according to formula (1), formula (2)
λ=aET
2+ bET+c+T
0× H (ET × T-R), and in an anniversary, S and ET is time variations, an anniversary in agricultural production, namely be the least unit of agricultural production with time, can think on its time to be the differential property led, according to formula (1), the coefficient obtaining described wheat yield mainly time scale be ET square coefficient change, and obtain time output differential formulas
Formula (1), formula (2) are substituted into formula (3) and obtain following formula (4):
Formula four
DS is the wheat yield differential change in time at described anniversary ridge furrow irrigation, thus obtains the output of the wheat yield S at described anniversary ridge furrow irrigation.
Pour water three evaluation indexes of quality evaluating method for irrigating the effective utilization ratio A of water (unit %), water storage efficiency B (unit %) and uniformity of irrigation water appilcation C (unit %); The cumulative sum Sw of three evaluation indexes of field pipe-net quality and S-phase are yardstick except obtaining Index, the maximum optimal value being quality evaluating method of pouring water of the value of Index.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: present invention is directed at and realize the present situation that in production estimation, irrigation method falls behind, water use efficiency is not high, provided by the invention a kind of in the method valency method of anniversary ridge furrow irrigation Yield Forecast of Winter Wheat with quality evaluation of pouring water, thus improve agricultural water benefit, achieve the target of growth of agricultural efficiency, increasing peasant income.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the graph of a relation of crop water consumption in the time of infertility of the present invention and wheat yield S.
Embodiment
In order to make technical problem to be solved by this invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect clearly understand, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention will be described in detail.It should be noted that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention, the product that can realize said function belongs to equivalent to be replaced and improves, and is all included within protection scope of the present invention.Concrete grammar is as follows:
What the present embodiment adopted is in October, 2010 ~ 2014 year September to wheat yield S Forecasting Methodology (unit jin) and the quality evaluating method Index that pours water (unit %), carry out in water-saving agriculture multi-center trial field, Henan Province, geographical position, test region is north latitude 33 ° 35 ', east longitude 111 ° 25 ', height above sea level 110.4m, belong to the continental monsoon climate in north temperate zone, make a clear distinction between the four seasons.Average temperature of the whole year 14.5 DEG C, mean annual precipitation 637.1mm, average sunshine duration 5.6h, frost-free season 220d.Then be ridge face width 60 ~ 80cm in the test plot ridging specification of anniversary ridge furrow irrigation under such weather conditions, furrow bottom width 15 ~ 25cm top width 35 ~ 45cm, the high 15 ~ 25cm in ridge; The examination soil texture is supplied to be silt loam, simultaneously by the physical and chemical effect to soil, the average dry density of soil is set between 1.35g/cm3 ~ 1.45g/cm3, field capacity is between 24% ~ 34%, soil organic matter average content is 0.87% ~ 0.97%, full nitrogen average content 0.0539% ~ 0.0619%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen average content 45-60ppm, rapid available phosphorus average content 11.8ppm ~ 12.8ppm, available potassium 104.4ppm ~ 105.4ppm;
Wherein field physical features is smooth, and the row of filling is convenient.Be provided with automatic weather station in test site, automatically detect the relevant weather data such as air themperature and humidity, intensity of solar radiation, wind speed.
Except basis is poured water, comprise effective utilization ratio, the evaluation indexes such as water storage efficiency and uniformity of irrigation water appilcation use simultaneously more comprehensively could evaluate wheat output, row spacing, furrow width, these technology essential factors of ditch depth are also the blocking factors of prediction wheat yield, in addition, average temperature of the whole year T (unit DEG C), mean annual precipitation R (unit mm), average sunshine duration H (unit h), frost-free season T0 (unit sky) is indispensable principle, and when determining the optimum organization of Different irrigation technology essential factor, the cumulative sum of above 3 prediction index is yardstick, accumulated value is maximum is optimal value under this technology essential factor.
Wheat cultivation method is on ridge, plant four lines wheat, and winter wheat narrow row is apart from 14cm, wide line-spacing 22cm, and seeding quantity is 35 ~ 500,000/mu.
Irrigation method is in crop key physiological period, irrigated farmland irrigation water in described ditch, and ridge field crops relies on the side of moisture in ditch to ooze to meet its water demand, irrigation quantity with unrestrained ridge for foundation.
Described anniversary furrow plants four lines wheat, obtains wheat yield S (unit jin) and the quality evaluating method Index that pours water (unit %) according to factor of influence;
According to measurement, obtain average temperature of the whole year T (unit DEG C), mean annual precipitation R (unit mm), average sunshine duration H (unit h), frost-free season T0 (unit sky);
According to the match value of the wheat yield S of the described anniversary ridge furrow irrigation of above correlation technique factor prediction, the match value of the wheat yield S of described anniversary ridge furrow irrigation affected by crop water consumption in the time of infertility and natural environment two parts factor;
At present, the relation adopting quadratic function relation and formula (1) to represent the wheat yield S of described crop water consumption in the time of infertility and described anniversary ridge furrow irrigation more:
S＝aET
2+bET+c(1)
In formula: ET is crop water consumption in the time of infertility (mm), and a, b, c are respectively the different regression coefficient for matching;
Described wheat yield S appears at dS/dET=0 place, and the water consumption value defining described dS/dET=0 place is ETmax, substitutes into formula (1), then described ETmax=-b/2a;
At present, the relation adopting linear function relation and formula (2) to describe described natural environment and described wheat yield S more:
S＝T
0×H(ET×T-R)(2)
Total yield effect coefficient is obtained according to formula (1), formula (2)
λ=aET
2+ bET+c+T
0× H (ET × T-R), and in an anniversary, S and ET is time variations, an anniversary in agricultural production, namely be the least unit of agricultural production with time, can think on its time to be the differential property led, according to formula (1), the coefficient obtaining described wheat yield mainly time scale be ET square coefficient change, and obtain time output differential formulas
Formula (1), formula (2) are substituted into formula (3) and obtain following formula (4):
DS is the wheat yield differential change in time at described anniversary ridge furrow irrigation, thus obtains the output of the wheat yield S at described anniversary ridge furrow irrigation.
Three evaluation indexes of the evaluation method of the quality of pouring water of described anniversary ridge furrow irrigation are for irrigating the effective utilization ratio A of water (unit %), water storage efficiency B (unit %) and uniformity of irrigation water appilcation C (unit %); The cumulative sum Sw of three evaluation indexes of the evaluation method of the quality of pouring water of described anniversary ridge furrow irrigation and described S-phase are yardstick except obtaining Index, the maximum optimal value being the evaluation method of the quality of pouring water of described anniversary ridge furrow irrigation of the value of described Index.
Embodiment two: the test and the Mathematical Fitting process that illustrate the relation of crop water consumption in the time of infertility in the present invention and wheat yield S, this is artificial ridging experimental field, ditch section adopts tapered in form, trapezoid-shaped trench ditch ridge specification is respectively 70cm and 40cm, ridge height 20cm, adjacent two ditch centre distances are 110cm.
The irrigation scheme of this test winter wheat is in table 1; The Yield And Yield Components of winter wheat is in table 2; The water use efficiency of winter wheat is in table 3.
Table 1 winter wheat irrigation scheme design (mm)
Table 2 winter wheat yields and Components thereof
The water production efficiency of table 3 winter wheat
Under 70cm row spacing condition, when face, the field gradient is 1 ‰, furrow width selects 40cm, ditch depth to select the irrigation effect of 20cm best, and quality of pouring water 3 evaluation index sums reach 280.77%, adopt ridge top width 70cm, ridge bottom width 90cm, ridge height 20cm, ditch bottom width 20cm, ditch top width 40cm, on ridge, anniversary ridge culture planting wheat, pours water in ditch; At present, the relation adopting quadratic function relation to represent Crop growing stage water consumption and output more:
Y＝aET
2+bET+c(1)
In formula: Y is crop yield (kg/hm2), ET is crop water consumption in the time of infertility (mm), and a, b, c are respectively regression coefficient.
The maximum production of crop appears at dY/dET=0 place, and the water consumption value defining this place is ETmax, substitutes into formula 1, then ETmax=-b/2a.
According to the field trial field data of winter wheat, draw respectively general planting pattern and integrated ridge culture planting pattern output and the time of infertility water consumption graph of a relation, see Fig. 1.Can find out: both present the higher parabolic relation of degree of correlation.Relation curve can be divided into three phases: the first stage is that output increases the stage rapidly with the increase of water consumption; Second stage is the increase slow build phase of output with water consumption, and this stage curve arrives summit; After phase III summit, output presents negative growth along with the raising of water consumption.The soil moisture environment of the Changing Pattern that winter wheat yields presents and crop is closely related, when soil moisture is too low, needs water because not meeting plant physiology, and growth is suppressed and the underproduction; When soil moisture is too high, make soil aeration bad, deep percolation increases, and causes nutrient to run off in a large number, causes the underproduction.
The water production functions relational expression of winter wheat is:
Y＝-0.1111ET2+102.84ET-15805R2＝0.9821(2)
Calculating the water consumption of ridge furrow irrigation winter wheat when obtaining maximum production 7993.53kg/hm2 by formula 2 is 462.83mm; Calculating the water consumption of general planting pattern winter wheat when obtaining maximum production 7801.94kg/hm2 by formula 2 is 487.64mm.Plantation result shows that winter wheat yields improves 191.59kg/hm2 when economizing on water 24.81mm.This illustrates that wheat bed planting furrow irrigation can realize winter wheat saving irrigation model.
Total yield effect coefficient can be obtained according to above-mentioned research, and the change of time output differential formulas about the time can be obtained in an anniversary, then differential formulas be solved and just can predict at anniversary ridge furrow irrigation wheat yield;
Invention effect of the present invention is according to practice, has the following advantages: realize water-saving irrigation by technological innovation in anniversary ridge furrow irrigation wheat yield prediction and quality evaluating method of pouring water, and can according to irrigation, natural conditions predicted time unit wheat yield; And according to weather condition, irrigation conditions is to long-term cropping on ridge, and furrow is vacated for irrigating, and furrow increases ventilation and penetrating light, and increase yield adjusts; The basis of prediction solves realization wheel of ploughing plough, three to five annual rings are ploughed once, are rehabilitated in arable land; Can water-saving irrigation with good conditionsi on the basis of forecast production, pour water in furrow, save time water saving and workable, is conducive to field management, be convenient to field fertilization and spray insecticide, foliage fertilizer.
Claims (1)
1. the anniversary ridge furrow irrigation winter wheat output Forecasting Methodology and to pour water a quality evaluating method, it is characterized in that:
The prediction of output:
(1) bedder-planter: ridging specification is ridge face width 70cm, furrow bottom width 20cm top width 40cm, ridge height 20cm; And four lines wheat is sowed on face, ridge, winter wheat narrow row is apart from 14cm, wide line-spacing 22cm, and seeding quantity is 35 ~ 500,000/mu.(2) irrigate through furrow: utilize furrow to pour water, require not pour water unrestrained ridge, wherein watering period, frequency of irrigation are identical with conventional method, and irrigation quantity irrigates through furrow few than traditional furrow.The examination soil texture is supplied to be silt loam, simultaneously by the physical and chemical effect to soil, the described average dry density for examination soil is set between 1.35g/cm3 ~ 1.45g/cm3, field capacity is between 24% ~ 34%, soil organic matter average content is 0.87% ~ 0.97%, full nitrogen average content 0.0539% ~ 0.0619%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen average content 45-60ppm, rapid available phosphorus average content 11.8ppm ~ 12.8ppm, available potassium 104.4ppm ~ 105.4ppm; Wheat forecast production S jin is carried out and the quality evaluation Index that pours water according to factor of influence.
(2) according to measurement, average temperature of the whole year T is obtained, mean annual precipitation R, average sunshine duration H, frost-free season T
0;
(3) the above data recorded are gone out winter wheat yields differential change in time at described anniversary ridge furrow irrigation by following formulae discovery, thus obtain the winter wheat yields S at described anniversary ridge furrow irrigation:
In formula: ET is crop water consumption in the time of infertility, and a, b, c are respectively the different regression coefficient for matching;
The evaluation of quality of pouring water:
(4) three evaluation indexes of pour water effective utilization ratio A, water storage efficiency B and uniformity of irrigation water appilcation C are measured;
(5) three evaluation indexes in above-mentioned 4th step are sued for peace the numerical value Sw and the above-mentioned yield values S-phase recorded drawn except obtaining the quality evaluation value Index that pours water, the value of described Index is maximum is the evaluation optimal value of the quality of pouring water of described anniversary ridge furrow irrigation winter wheat.
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| CN106613751A (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2017-05-10 | 河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所 | Method for adjusting and controlling florescence irrigation amount based on precipitation amount from winter wheat jointing to flowering stage |
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| CN108293476A (en) * | 2018-01-22 | 2018-07-20 | 河海大学 | A kind of Large-Sized Irrigation Districts Dry crop based on unmanned plane imaging is poured water quality evaluating method |
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