CN105043361B - Water depth measuring instrument for the environment flow evaluation method of zoobenthos protection target - Google Patents
Water depth measuring instrument for the environment flow evaluation method of zoobenthos protection target Download PDFInfo
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- CN105043361B CN105043361B CN201510350529.0A CN201510350529A CN105043361B CN 105043361 B CN105043361 B CN 105043361B CN 201510350529 A CN201510350529 A CN 201510350529A CN 105043361 B CN105043361 B CN 105043361B
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
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- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C13/00—Surveying specially adapted to open water, e.g. sea, lake, river or canal
- G01C13/008—Surveying specially adapted to open water, e.g. sea, lake, river or canal measuring depth of open water
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Water depth measuring instrument of the environment flow evaluation method for zoobenthos protection target, including body, the body to include：One sampling apparatus, obtain to calculate after data the density value of liquid for collecting liquid, it includes：One liquid containing portion；For storing liquid to be weighed；One weight sensor；It, which is located at, is used for the weight for measuring liquid to be weighed in the liquid containing portion below the liquid containing portion；One suction pump；It, which is connected on the liquid containing portion, is used to extracting or discharging liquid to be weighed, and the body also includes an agitating device, and the liquid to be weighed, which can be stirred, makes the density of the liquid to be weighed more uniform.The liquid of the density of different depth in river is first made it become identical by the present invention by sampling apparatus and agitating device, density value is calculated with obtained gravimetric value and bulking value, then the depth of water is calculated with the accurate density value finally obtained so that the water depth value being calculated is more accurate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of measuring instrument, is estimated more particularly, to a kind of environment flow for zoobenthos protection target
The Water depth measuring instrument of method.
Background technology
Macrobenthos refer to that the part or all of time of the whole history of life moves in the large-scale aquatic nothing of water bottom
Vertebrate, it is one of important component of Freshwater ecosystems, it is close with Freshwater ecosystems energy flow and material circulation
Cut is closed, and has prominent ecological dominance and extremely important ecological effects, macrobenthos transfer ability is weaker, life
Place is relatively fixed, and its quantity is more in Freshwater ecosystems, species are also relatively abundant, and Different groups are to the quick of environmental change
Perception differs, and its Different groups appears or disappears that the change that can characterize natural environment exactly or mankind's activity are disturbed to water
Just negatively affected caused by the raw ecosystem, be the conventional indicator species of Assessment of river ecosystem health.
Substrate, water quality, flow velocity and the depth of water are that the large-scale bottom of control is dwelt as main macrobenthos habitat index
The important parameter of thing community distribution.Substrate is the existence of macrobenthos, predation and procreation provide place, is also dwelt for large-scale bottom
Animal response environment catastrophe (such as flood) and hide predation provide sanctuary；Excessive organic matter and nutritive salt can cause in water body
The shortage of Dissolved Oxygen in Water, the zoobenthos of Different groups have different tolerances to water quality；Current are that large-scale bottom is dwelt
Thing provides nutriment necessary to the growth and breeding such as dissolved oxygen and organic debris, while the distribution of flow velocity is also govern in river
The distribution of zoobenthos；The depth of water is then by increasing hydraulic pressure, reducing dissolved oxygen and providing convenient etc. form for predators such as fish
The material impact factor of macrobenthos distribution, it is therefore desirable to macrobenthos habitats is protected with repair needed for
Flow carries out science estimation.
Water depth value needs just obtain by measuring river calculating, and Water depth measuring instrument is a kind of to be used for measuring water
Deep instrument, has barometer in Water depth measuring instrument, hydraulic pressure is measured by air pressure, by the way that the depth of water, water-depth measurement is calculated
Instrument can measure the depth of water in different rivers, and different water quality of river are different, and water quality difference can cause the density value of water to be not
Identical, but if it is determined that during the river to be measured, the density value in the river is fixed.
In view of drawbacks described above, creator of the present invention obtains this creation finally by prolonged research and practice.
The content of the invention
More accurately it is used for zoobenthos protection mesh it is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of water depth value for making to calculate
The Water depth measuring instrument of target environment flow evaluation method, to overcome above-mentioned technological deficiency.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is, there is provided one kind is used for zoobenthos protection target
Environment flow evaluation method Water depth measuring instrument, including body, the body include：One sampling apparatus, for collecting liquid
Obtain to calculate after data the density value of liquid, it includes：
One liquid containing portion；For storing liquid to be weighed；
One weight sensor；It, which is located at below the liquid containing portion, is used to measure liquid to be weighed in the liquid containing portion
The weight of body；
One suction pump；It, which is connected on the liquid containing portion, is used to extracting or discharging liquid to be weighed.
Preferably, the body also includes an agitating device, the liquid to be weighed can be stirred described in making and wait to claim
The density of heavy-fluid body is more uniform, and it includes：
One inlet, liquid pour into form liquid to be weighed from the inlet；
One inlet headstock gear, it, which is located at the inlet, is used to open or close the inlet；
One stir chamber, for accommodating the storage of liquid to be weighed；
One agitator, it is located in the stir chamber makes liquid to be weighed more uniform for stirring liquid to be weighed；
One leakage fluid dram, it connects the liquid to be weighed after being stirred by the leakage fluid dram with the liquid containing portion
It is emitted into the liquid containing portion.
Preferably, the liquid containing portion includes：
One liquid containing chamber, it is used to deposit liquid to be weighed；
One open and close door, it is located at the opening of the liquid containing chamber and is used to closing or opening opening for the liquid containing chamber
Mouthful；
One motor, it is connected to control the keying of the open and close door with the open and close door.
Preferably, the inlet headstock gear includes：
One door-plate, it is located at the inlet；
One control unit, it is connected to control the keying of the door-plate with the door-plate.
Preferably, the control unit includes：
One fixed part, it is arranged on the top of the inlet, rotating shaft is equipped with the fixed part and the rotating shaft with
The fixed part is fixedly connected；
One movable part, it is set in the rotating shaft and can connected around the axis of rotation, the movable part with the door-plate
Connect；
One tractive unit, it enables the door-plate in the movable part around institute on the door-plate for drawing the door-plate
Being turned on and off for door-plate is realized when stating axis of rotation.
Preferably, the agitator includes a stirring rod and a controller, the controller controls the stirring rod to turn
Dynamic, the stirring rod is provided with spiral vane.
Preferably, the inlet is provided with a screen pack, its large granular impurity being used in filter water.
Preferably, the body also includes a lowering or hoisting gear, it is used to realizing body liter in a liquid and drop, institute
Lowering or hoisting gear is stated to be connected with the agitating device, it is steady when the lowering or hoisting gear can control the agitating device down or up
Property.
Preferably, the lowering or hoisting gear includes a connecting rod and a rope, one end of the connecting rod is connected to described
On body, the other end is connected with the rope.
Compared with the prior art the beneficial effects of the present invention are：The density of water is considered when measuring the depth in river,
Because water quality of river is different, therefore the density of water is different, the depth of water being now calculated can and the actual depth of water produce deviation, this
In order to which the hydraulic pressure numerical value finally obtained is more accurate in invention, first the water in tested river is circulated into agitating device and stirred
Mix, make the density of water identical, then the liquid to be weighed to stir is extracted into sampling apparatus by suction pump, surveyed
Weight, because the size of liquid containing chamber in device for picking is constant, pour into regard to the volume that can obtain liquid after liquid, according to obtained weight
The numerical value of amount and volume, just can calculate density, the data of the density now obtained are very accurate, then are measured with barometer
Numerical value can be accurately to calculate the depth of water.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the internal structure schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is enlarged drawing at A in Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is the front view of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is enlarged drawing at B in Fig. 3；
Fig. 5 is that each section of Taizihe River in the present invention represents fracture morphology figure；
Fig. 6 is that each section of Taizihe River in the present invention represents section flow-habitat index graph of relation.
In figure：1- bodies；The air cavitys of 2- second；The air cavitys of 3- first；4- light work plugs；5- taskwork plugs；The first spacing back-up rings of 6-；7-
Second spacing back-up ring；The 3rd spacing back-up rings of 8-；9- ropes；The passages of 10- first；The passages of 11- second；12- fixed mounts；13-
Barometer；14- gas vents；15- suction pumps；16- liquid containing chambers；17- agitating devices；18- connecting rods；19- motors；20-
Two rotating shafts；The helical gears of 21- second；The helical gears of 22- first；23- first rotating shafts；24- open and close doors；25- weight sensors；26- is led
Draw portion；27- door-plates；28- rotating shafts；29- movable parts；30- fixed parts；31- inlets；32- controllers；33- stirring rod；34- is stirred
Mix chamber；35- leakage fluid drams；36- screen packs
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the forgoing and additional technical features and advantages are described in more detail.
As shown in figure 1, the body 1 includes sampling apparatus, agitating device 17, lowering or hoisting gear, gas vent 14, barometer
13rd, fixed mount 12, the first spacing back-up ring 6, the second spacing back-up ring 7, the 3rd spacing back-up ring 8, light work plug 4, taskwork plug 5, the first gas
The air cavity 2 of chamber 3 and second.
The sampling apparatus includes liquid containing portion, weight sensor 25 and suction pump 15, the weight sensor 25
Positioned at the lower section of the liquid containing portion, it can be used to measure the weight of liquid to be weighed in the liquid containing portion, it is described to draw water
Pump 15 is connected on the liquid containing portion, can be drawn fluid into or be discharged in liquid containing portion by suction pump 15, pass through institute
The volume of liquid can be waited until by stating liquid containing portion, obtain the gravimetric value of liquid by the weight sensor 25, then Ke Yiji
Calculate the density value of liquid.
The liquid containing portion includes liquid containing chamber 16, open and close door 24 and motor 19, and the open and close door 24 is located at institute
The opening of liquid containing chamber 16 is stated, as shown in Fig. 2 the open and close door 24 is connected with the motor 19, in the open and close door 24
First rotating shaft 23 is provided with, the first rotating shaft 23 is provided with the first helical gear 22, and the motor 19 is provided with the second rotating shaft 20,
Second rotating shaft 20 is provided with the second helical gear 21, and first helical gear 22 is intermeshed with second helical gear 21,
The motor 19 drives second rotating shaft 20, the second helical gear 21, the first helical gear 22 and first turn successively respectively when rotating forward
Axle 23 rotates, and the opening liquid that now open and close door 24 can slowly will enter institute from the opening of the liquid containing chamber 16
State in liquid containing chamber 16, when having filled liquid to be weighed in the liquid containing chamber 16, the open and close door 24 shut,
Inverted by the motor 19, drive second rotating shaft 20, the second helical gear 21, the first helical gear 22 successively respectively during rotation
Rotated with first rotating shaft 23, now open and close door 24 can close.
The agitating device 17 includes inlet 31, inlet headstock gear, leakage fluid dram 35, stir chamber 34 and stirring
Device, the inlet headstock gear are arranged on the top of the inlet 31, and the leakage fluid dram 35 is arranged on the agitating device
17 lower section, and it is arranged on described with the opening in communication of liquid containing chamber 16 described in the sampling apparatus, the agitator
In stir chamber 34, when the inlet headstock gear is opened, liquid is poured at the inlet 31 in the stir chamber 34,
After liquid fills whole stir chamber 34, the inlet headstock gear can be closed, and now the open and close door 24 is also at
Closure state, it is in closed state to ensure the stir chamber 34, after the inlet headstock gear closes completely, the agitator
It will start working, the liquid agitation to be weighed in the stir chamber 34 is uniform, make its consistent in density, in order to calculate more
Add the accurate depth of water, in the case that the agitating device 17 is applied to the water quality difference of the tested river different water depth, first will not
Water with depth stirs, and makes its density identical, then next calculates density value.
As shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, the inlet headstock gear includes door-plate 27 and control unit, and the door-plate 27 is arranged on institute
State on inlet 31, the control unit controls the closure or openness of the door-plate 27, and the control unit includes fixed part 30, activity
Portion 29 and tractive unit 26, the fixed part 30 are arranged on the top of the inlet 31, are equipped with the fixed part 30
Rotating shaft 28, with the fixed part 30 in being fixedly connected, the other end of the rotating shaft 28 is provided with the movable part for the rotating shaft 28
29, the movable part 29 can be rotated around the rotating shaft 28, and the movable part 29 is fixedly connected with the door-plate 27, the tractive unit
26 are arranged on the door-plate 27, when the door-plate 27 needs to open, pull the tractive unit 26, the door-plate 27 is described
Under the drive of tractive unit 26, the movable part 29 on the door-plate 27 can rotate around the rotating shaft 28, now the feed liquor
Mouthfuls 31 in opened condition, and liquid can be poured into slowly in the stir chamber 34, wait it is hydraulically full in the stir chamber 34 after, by institute
State door-plate 27 to close on the inlet 31, to close the door-plate 27, as long as the pulling force on the tractive unit 26 disappears, institute
Stating door-plate 27 will close in the presence of the gravity and hydraulic pressure of itself, and the tractive unit 26 can be rope.
The agitator includes stirring rod 33 and controller 32, and the stirring rod 33 is provided with spiral vane, spiral shape
Blade can make the density of liquid to be weighed identical, the stirring rod 33 the more uniform of liquid agitation to be weighed in stirring
It is connected on the controller 32, controls the stirring rod 33 to work by the controller 32.
Screen pack 36 is provided with the inlet 31, is filtered the large granular impurity in water by the screen pack 36
Fall, it is ensured that enter without large granular impurity in addition to the liquid in the liquid containing chamber 16 so as to influence the numerical value needed.
As shown in figure 1, the lowering or hoisting gear includes rope 9 and connecting rod 18, one end of the connecting rod 18 is fixedly connected
On the body 1, the other end is connected on the rope 9, and the lifting of the body 1 can be realized by the rope 9.
Second air cavity 2 includes left air cavity and right air cavity, and the fixed mount 12 is arranged on the upper end of the left air cavity, institute
Barometer 13 is stated on the fixed mount 12, the sampling apparatus is arranged on the top of barometer 13, the stirring dress
Put 17 to be connected with the sampling apparatus, the agitating device 17 is located at outside the body 1 and is connected to the side of the connecting rod 18
On face, the connecting rod 18 gives described 17 1 support forces of agitating device, increases when rising or falling of the agitating device 17
Stationarity.First air cavity 3 is located at the side of the left air cavity, and first air cavity 3 is led with second air cavity 2
It is logical, form the first passage 10 and the second passage 11, the gas vent 14 are located on first air cavity 3, first limit
Position back-up ring 6 and the second spacing back-up ring 7 are located at the lower section of the fixed mount 12, and the first spacing back-up ring 6 is positioned at described
The lower section of first passage 10, the second spacing back-up ring 7 are located at the lower section of second passage 11, the taskwork plug 5
Between the described first spacing 6 and second spacing back-up ring 7 of back-up ring, the 3rd spacing back-up ring 8 is located at the top of the right air cavity,
The light work plug 4 is located at the lower section of the described 3rd spacing back-up ring 8.
In use, the body 1 is put into water by the lowering or hoisting gear, the tractive unit 26 is now pulled by institute
Inlet 31 is stated to open, allow the agitating device 17 during decline slowly pour into liquid, due to liquid pour into it is described
The speed of stir chamber 34 is slow, therefore is had in the stir chamber 34 from different depth liquid, its density value not phases
Together, it can learn in the agitating device 17 whether filled liquid by observing the bubble of liquid surface, when the stirring
When filling liquid to be weighed in chamber 34, the tractive unit 26 is decontroled, the pulling force on the tractive unit 26 is disappeared, the door-plate 27
It can be closed under the gravity of itself and the pressure of water, now the controller 32 controls the stirring rod 33 to be operated, right
Liquid to be weighed in the stir chamber 34 is stirred, when the liquid to be weighed in the stir chamber 34 stirs completely
Afterwards, its density is identical, and now the open and close door 24 is opened when the motor 19 rotates forward, and at the same time makes the suction pump 15
To open, liquid to be weighed can be drawn into the liquid containing chamber 16, when being full of liquid to be weighed in the liquid containing chamber 16,
The motor 19 inverts the open and close door 24 and closed, and now the suction pump 15 will also close, in the liquid containing chamber 16
Liquid to be weighed weighs to obtain a gravimetric value by the weight sensor 25, and the open and close door 24 can be opened afterwards, with
The suction pump 15 can also be opened simultaneously for this, and the liquid in the liquid containing chamber 16 is flow back in the stir chamber 34, due to
Space size in the liquid containing chamber 16 is fixed, therefore can also calculate the volume of the liquid, by weight and
Volume energy calculates the density of liquid, be by the density value being calculated in this structure measurement it is point-device, it is accurate close
Angle value can calculate the accurate depth of water.
The taskwork plug 5 in the presence of the self gravitation on the described first spacing back-up ring 6 and with it is described first spacing
The upper surface of back-up ring 6 contradicts connection, and the taskwork plug 5 shelters from first passage 10, when the body 1 is slowly put
Enter in deep water, while the agitating device 17 and the sampling apparatus work, in the presence of hydraulic pressure, the light work plug 4
By pressing down slowly, the air in second air cavity 2 is compressed, and the atmospheric pressure in second air cavity 2 is more than described
Atmospheric pressure in first air cavity 3, as when atmospheric pressure constantly increases in second air cavity 2, the taskwork plug 5 is by slowly
Upward passage, when the taskwork plug 5 is pushed to certain altitude, first passage 10 will be by first air cavity
3 and second air cavity 2 turn on so that the larger air of atmospheric pressure is poured in the first air cavity 3 in second air cavity 2, make institute
It is equal with the atmospheric pressure in second air cavity 2 to state the first air cavity 3, then the taskwork plug 5 is in the presence of self gravitation
Slowly to moving down, until first passage 10 is closed, the taskwork plug 5 is kept in the center.When with the body 1 not
Disconnected is put into deep water, can constantly repeat the above-mentioned course of work, after the body 1 reaches the bottom, then by described
The air pressure out of water-bed pull-up, second air cavity 2 of body 1 slowly declines the light work plug 4 and floats and decline, first gas
Gas in chamber 3 in the presence of the self gravitation of taskwork plug 5 due to, toward moving down, first passage 10 being closed and is kept
The maximum of air pressure is constant, and now the barometer 13 has measured atmospheric pressure value, after the body 1 is left the water, can read
The numerical value gone out on the barometer 13, the density calculated by sampling apparatus, the gas measured along with the barometer 13
Pressure value just can calculate the depth of water, and it is very accurate that the depth of water, which is now calculated,.After the body 1 completes a secondary amounts, by described in
Water in stir chamber 34 is discharged, and the gas in first air cavity 3 can be continued to complete next by the gas vent 14 discharge
Task.
The data measured above using Water depth measuring instrument can be used for following a kind of based on macrobenthos protection target
Taizihe River environment flow evaluation method in, be the step of its evaluation method：
Step 1, representative section is selected with putting position
Taizihe River is the larger river in Liaoning Province southeast, rises in the new Bin County's Hong-shi-la-zi type in Fushun City, flows through Fushun, the Liao Dynasty
Sun, Dandong, Liaoyang, Shenyang, 13 counties (city) in the city of Anshan 6, mainstream total length 413km, drainage area 13883km2.From 20th century
Since the fifties, crown prince's river valley middle and upper reaches have built the large and middle reservoirs such as Guanyinge Reservoir, Tanghe Reservoir and Participation nest reservoirs,
Ensure that life, the industrial water in Anshan, Liaoyang and Liaoyang etc. have played important function, also make it that reservoir letdown flow is notable
Reduce.Taizihe River downstream is flood plain, and agricultural irrigation intake is more along the river, has also seriously tied up the ecology use of downstream river course
Water.
Taizihe River is divided into middle and upper reaches, 2, downstream section is studied.The selection of point position should be considered to place section
Representativeness, consider the hydrology, the data such as landforms can availability, therefore select respectively Liaoyang hydrometric station, Tang Ma stockaded villages hydrometric station and
Its control section is as Taizihe River middle and upper reaches, the representative points position in downstream.
Step 2, determine important macrobenthos protection target
By the on-site inspection to Taizihe River, and with reference to the literature review of (2006) on macrobenthos water requirement,
Summarize needs to consider protection target relevant with macrobenthos as follows in environment flow analysis：
(1) prevent that riverbed is dry for a long time in dry season.Because even be short-term riverbed it is dry to river ecological system
For system and catastrophic, although having, Some Species can short-term, be survived in pool and below rock.
(2) appropriate moist riverbed area is maintained.This needs the regime flow for providing the average annual runoff of access expansion, because should
Flow can cause the serious reduction of riverbed wetted perimeter when cannot be guaranteed, so as to reduce the productivity in whole river.Intermittent stream
Amount change is harmful hydrologic(al) regime, such as hydroelectric generation, when and make it that the bulk zone in river course is exposed, also cause some water
Biology is because of stranded death by suffocation.
(3) pool-suitable depth of water of shoal sequence is maintained.The researchs such as Armitage show in the relatively low depth of water (0-25cm)
The occurrence rate of waters all kinds zoobenthos will be high, and to the preference of flow velocity and substrate then according to specific species and
It is fixed.
(4) substrate of riverbed near-nature forest is maintained.Many zoobenthos need specific sediment types, and all kinds of heavy in river
The aggregation of product thing may result in the deposition of fine sediment in riverbed, so as to change the type of streambed substrate；Periodically punching
Swabbing stream can prevent streambed substrate crack from being blocked by fine sediment, so as to create the work with loose structure for zoobenthos
Dynamic space.
(5) the good water quality of ecotone is maintained.When flow tends to reduce and stablized, deposit just has increase trend, this
Food source is provided to zoobenthos；But degenerating for water quality can be caused when the excess of deposit increases, so as to be dwelt the bottom of as
The limiting factor of thing existence.The environmental condition of narrow limits and the increase of discharge stability can cause the benthic fauna of fragility
Fall, this causes them to lack adaptability, so as to which the disturbance to volume event is very sensitive.In addition, artificial runoff analysis makes river
When flow path stream exceedes nature low water discharge, by increasing capacitance it is possible to increase the number or biomass of zoobenthos, even of short duration fluctuation also can
Work.
(6) the suitable current in alluvial flat habitat between dyke inside and outside wet season offer river course.Alluvial flat is also dwelt the bottom of for
Animal provides habitat, and overland flow can provide the moisture needed for alluvial flat wetland macrobenthos, and large-scale bottom is dwelt
Animal can promptly restore to the original state after flood damage in the shorter time.
Step 3, analysis meet the river habitat standard needed for macrobenthos protection
Meet to protect the river needed for target based on macrobenthos by literature analysis and expert opinion method analysis
Habitat standard：
Due to Taizihe River under natural runoff conditions there is also cutout phenomenon, according to or law of nature, and in view of most
Number zoobenthos shows stronger restoring force to arid, and Taizihe River mainstream can be allowed cutout phenomenon to be over a period to come present.
With reference to history hydrologic condition and expert opinion is combined, sets and meets that macrobenthos protect the flow condition of target (1) as too
Zi He mainstreams flow is lasted no more than 16 days less than 0.01m3/s's.
Meet that macrobenthos protect the uninterrupted of target (2) to flood most of riverbed, according to Bartschi
(1976) wetted perimeter maximum 20% allows slip rule, when being set as that the wetted perimeter (WP) in river is not less than each month intermediate value Dryweather flow
The 80% of wetted perimeter.
Meet that macrobenthos are protected the flow of target (3) only to be given in dry season and considered, Australian Wei Duoli
The FLOWS methods in Arius domain need water requirement using the depth of water more than 0.1m come maintain zoobenthos, because in gravel/cobble matter river
0.1m flow depth can cover most of gravels and finger stone in stream, disclosure satisfy that the depth of water of zoobenthos habitat will
Ask.Because depth of water increase is unfavorable for the existence of zoobenthos on the contrary, therefore based on each moon base flow of zoobenthos protection target
Preferably greater than do not build each percentile Dryweather flow of the moon the 95th before dam, this rule can be limited in warm season borough chief period departing from
The abundance of water flow of the natural law, which can rush, does not have original pool-shoal sequence.
Meet that macrobenthos protect the flow of target (4) also mainly to consider in low water period, according to Gordon etc.
(2004) research shows：As cross section of river mean flow rate V >=0.222 √ (d50), bed material will preferably be washed away.
D50 is median particle diameter in formula, unit mm；V is flow velocity, unit m/s.According to Taizihe River bottom characteristics exploration result, be calculated V >=
0.4m/s。
Meet that macrobenthos protection target (5) needs offer washes away the low water pulse of ecotone to maintain water body good
Water quality, uninterrupted should at least flood whole riverbed completely, therefore be set as nature runoff period (building period before dam) August
Whole wetted perimeter (WP100% (August)) during intermediate value Dryweather flow.Here, it is assumed that flooding completely for riverbed (is equal at shoal
WP100% (August)) hydraulic gradient that can result in that ecotone and extraneous progress water body exchange can be produced.
Meet that macrobenthos protection target (6) needs exceed bank top (levee crown) horizontal overland flow, may be set to put down
Beach stream (Qbf) adds the flow of 0.1m height water levels.Overland flow is only the Tang Ma Zhai He that alluvial flat wetland be present in abundance of water season
Section provides.
Step 4, structure flow component need water requirement relational model with macrobenthos
Summary is respectively walked, and the correlation of water process and River Hydrology process is needed by analyzing macrobenthos, is established
Crown prince's river flow component needs the relational model of water requirement with macrobenthos.Wherein, macrobenthos protection target is logical
Cross analysis Taizihe River benthic macroinvertebrate type and its life cycle process determines that the setting of habitat standard is according to above-mentioned
Analysis is drawn, is the foundation for calculating uninterrupted.Other hydrologic parameters such as frequency, last, time of origin etc., reference can be combined
Document, and hydrological characteristics synthesis determination before dam is built in each section obtained with reference to IHA software analysis.
The flow component of table 1 needs water requirement relational model with macrobenthos
Step 5, establish the graph of a relation of flow and river habitat index
The graph of a relation of river habitat index and flow can be established by two ways：For the river that section is relatively regular
Road, river discharge and flow velocity, the relation of the depth of water can be established using Manning formula；For irregular section river course, then can pass through
The mode of actual measurement establishes the relation of flow-water level, and combines actual measurement river cross-section, establishes between flow and other habitat indexs
Relation.The concrete operation step of the latter is as follows：
(1) river channel cross section figure is surveyed and drawn in the way of start point distance-elevation；
(2) by the corresponding flow for frequently monitoring river level simultaneously while surveying, to draw flow-water level calibration curve；
(3) flow velocity corresponding to any water level can be obtained by statistical average flow velocity, or using flow divided by area of passage
Arrive；
(4) wetted perimeter corresponding to any water level can measure from river channel cross section figure.
According to Liaoyang hydrometric station, small woods hydrometric station 1985-2007 flow-water level measured data, crown prince is analyzed
Significant positive correlation is presented with flow in the water level at river Liang Ge hydrometric stations.Then according to each hydrometric station river course form of 2007
Observe data and draw river cross-section aspect graph, with reference to level-flow relation curve, determine each typical section flow and other
Dependency relation between the index of habitat.The control section and its flow at two hydrometric stations of Taizihe River-habitat index relation are bent
Line such as Fig. 6 of Fig. 5 mono-.
A is Liaoyang section in Fig. 5, and B is Tang Ma stockaded villages section.
A is Liaoyang section level-flow relation curve figure in Fig. 6, and B is Liaoyang section water level-mean flow rate relation curve
Figure, C is Liaoyang section water level-wetted perimeter graph of relation；D is Tang Ma stockaded villages section level-flow relation curve figure, and E is Tang Ma stockaded villages
Section water level-mean flow rate graph of relation, F are Tang Ma stockaded villages section water level-wetted perimeter graph of relation.
Step 6, provide the environment flow estimation result of each section
Water requirement relational model, typical river cross-section are needed with reference to Taizihe River downstream river course flow component and macrobenthos
Figure and its flow and the graph of a relation of river habitat index, it is possible to calculate every kind of based on needed for macrobenthos protection target
Uninterrupted.The same time there may be it is different protect target based on macrobenthos, take maximum according to lower threshold
Value, upper limit threshold take minimum value principle to determine required environment flow component, and meet different protection targets simultaneously as far as possible needs water
It is required that.The consequently recommended result of Taizihe River downstream river course environment flow based on macrobenthos protection target is by 3 kinds of crucial streams
Measure component and form (2~table of table 3).Wherein, base flow provides month by month, it is desirable to which daily average water discharge is no less than the given threshold value in place month.
Stream of pulses needs water requirement according to macrobenthos, with reference to Taizihe River nature hydrologic regime, is provided by rich, dry season.Overland flow
7~November in abundance of water season generally occurs.
The Liaoyang section of table 2 is based on the macrobenthos protection flow component of target, uninterrupted, average annual frequency and continues
Time
The unit of flow is m in table 23/s；The unit of frequency is secondary annual, if 1/a is annual 1 time；The unit lasted is
My god, if 1d is 1 day；Uninterrupted, frequency and last unless otherwise indicated, take minimum value.
The Tang Ma stockaded villages section of table 3 is based on the macrobenthos protection flow component of target, uninterrupted, average annual frequency and holds
The continuous time
The unit of flow is m in table 33/s；The unit of frequency is secondary annual, if 1/a is annual 1 time；The unit lasted is
My god, if 1d is 1 day；Uninterrupted, frequency and last unless otherwise indicated, take minimum value.
Presently preferred embodiments of the present invention is the foregoing is only, is merely illustrative for the purpose of the present invention, and it is non-limiting
's.Those skilled in the art understands, many changes can be carried out to it in the spirit and scope that the claims in the present invention are limited,
Modification, in addition it is equivalent, but fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of Water depth measuring instrument of environment flow evaluation method for zoobenthos protection target, including body, its feature
It is：The body includes：One sampling apparatus, obtains to calculate after data the density value of liquid for collecting liquid, and it is wrapped
Include：
One liquid containing portion；For storing liquid to be weighed；
One weight sensor；It, which is located at below the liquid containing portion, is used to measure liquid to be weighed in the liquid containing portion
Weight；
One suction pump；It, which is connected on the liquid containing portion, is used to extracting or discharging liquid to be weighed；
The body also includes an agitating device, and the density for making the liquid to be weighed can be stirred to the liquid to be weighed
More uniformly, it includes：
One inlet, liquid pour into form liquid to be weighed from the inlet；
One inlet headstock gear, it, which is located at the inlet, is used to open or close the inlet；
One stir chamber, for accommodating liquid to be weighed；
One agitator, it is located in the stir chamber makes liquid to be weighed more uniform for stirring liquid to be weighed；
One leakage fluid dram, it connects the liquid to be weighed after being stirred by the leakage fluid dram with the liquid containing portion and discharged
In to the liquid containing portion；
The liquid containing portion includes：
One liquid containing chamber, it is used to deposit liquid to be weighed；
One open and close door, it is located at the opening that the opening of the liquid containing chamber is used to closing or opening the liquid containing chamber；
One motor, it is connected to control the keying of the open and close door with the open and close door；
The body also includes lowering or hoisting gear, gas vent, barometer, fixed mount, the first spacing back-up ring, the second spacing back-up ring, the
Three spacing back-up rings, light work plug, taskwork plug, the first air cavity and the second air cavity.
2. the Water depth measuring instrument of the environment flow evaluation method of target is protected for zoobenthos as described in claim 1,
It is characterized in that：The inlet headstock gear includes：
One door-plate, it is located at the inlet；
One control unit, it is connected to control the keying of the door-plate with the door-plate.
3. the Water depth measuring instrument of the environment flow evaluation method of target is protected for zoobenthos as described in claim 2,
It is characterized in that：The control unit includes：
One fixed part, it is arranged on the top of the inlet, be equipped with rotating shaft in the fixed part and the rotating shaft with it is described
Fixed part is fixedly connected；
One movable part, it is set in the rotating shaft and can be connected around the axis of rotation, the movable part with the door-plate；
One tractive unit, it enables the door-plate in the movable part around described turn on the door-plate for drawing the door-plate
Axle realizes being turned on and off for door-plate when rotating.
4. the Water depth measuring instrument of the environment flow evaluation method of target is protected for zoobenthos as described in claim 3,
It is characterized in that：The agitator includes a stirring rod and a controller, and the controller controls the stirring rod to rotate, institute
State stirring rod and be provided with spiral vane.
5. the Water depth measuring instrument of the environment flow evaluation method of target is protected for zoobenthos as described in claim 4,
It is characterized in that：The inlet is provided with a screen pack, its large granular impurity being used in filter water.
6. the Water depth measuring instrument of the environment flow evaluation method of target is protected for zoobenthos as described in claim 5,
It is characterized in that：The body also includes a lowering or hoisting gear, and it is used to realizing body liter in a liquid and drop, the liter
Falling unit is connected with the agitating device, the stationarity when lowering or hoisting gear can control the agitating device down or up.
7. the Water depth measuring instrument of the environment flow evaluation method of target is protected for zoobenthos as described in claim 6,
It is characterized in that：The lowering or hoisting gear includes a connecting rod and a rope, and one end of the connecting rod connects on the body,
The other end is connected with the rope.
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