CN105033004A - Lightweight wall plate laser-inducing flexible forming system and method - Google Patents
Lightweight wall plate laser-inducing flexible forming system and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a lightweight wall plate laser-inducing flexible forming system and method. The system comprises a photograph measurement unit, a laser device, an infrared thermometer, an intelligent cooling unit, a machine tool workbench, a machine tool scanning drive mechanism, a data analysis control unit and a machine tool control unit. In each scanning line, a laser beam irradiates a lightweight wall plate plane piece to be formed, the temperature of a lightweight wall plate is measured, and cooling control is carried out according to the measured temperature so that the lightweight wall plate plane piece to be formed can bend and deform in the direction of the laser beam. The deformation of the lightweight wall plate plane piece is measured, whether the deformation of the lightweight wall plate plane piece reaches the set value or not is judged, and if the set value is reached, the laser irradiation of the next scanning line is carried out; and if the set value is not reached, the laser irradiation of the scanning line is carried out again. Online measurement and real-time automatic control can be achieved, accurate forming of the lightweight wall plate is achieved, and the problems that the lightweight wall plate is large in forming difficulty, low in efficiency and the like are solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of lightweight wallboard induced with laser flexible forming system and method, belong to induced with laser flexible forming field.
Background technology
It is flexible that lightweight wallboard has geometric configuration, and inner mold gluten strips is various, and skin thickness is variable, easily realizes uniform strength design, improves the advantages such as the sealing reliability of spacecraft.In addition, lightweight wallboard form has not only increased substantially the strength and stiffness of structure, and adopts lightweight wallboard to have obvious weight loss effect.Existing lightweight wallboard manufacturing process is added reinforcement by monoblock slab first chance, then made an overall reinforcement plate through roll bending or die forming etc., forming process complex steps, need repeatedly to carry out repairing a die, being shaped, easily cause in wall panel parts forming process and produce Local Cracking, the defect such as wrinkling; Meanwhile, for the wall panel structure of different size and requirement, need to process a large amount of mould, lack flexible, cost is higher.
Induced with laser flexible forming technology is expanding with heat and contract with cold and the expansion characteristics of heated material interior tissue based on metal material, utilize laser by certain track scanning sheet metal surface, strong thermograde is produced in heat effect district, cause the thermal stress of non-uniform Distribution, make sheet metal generation plastic deformation, to form required part shape.Existing induced with laser flexible forming method tests whether meet processing request again after sheet material monolithic molding completes, and has and lacks the shortcomings such as dynamic response, laser scanning process be uncontrollable.In addition, existing induced with laser flexible forming method is generally used for the sheet metal that processing dimension is less, wall thickness is thinner; Because space flight lightweight wall panel structure size is large, various informative: (1) reinforcement form has parallel, radiation, grid, shallow muscle, high muscle etc., and reinforcement size is not quite similar according to design needs; (2) appearance profile has cylindricality, taper, spherical etc., and profile radius of curvature is each variant, and therefore the figuration manufacture of lightweight wallboard personalization is with conspicuous characteristics, and existing laser forming method cannot meet the demands.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: the lightweight wallboard induced with laser flexible forming system and method providing a kind of cost low, simple to operate, the on-line measurement of forming process can be realized and automatically control in real time, realize the Accurate Shaping to lightweight wallboard, solve the difficult problems such as lightweight wallboard shaping difficulty is large, efficiency is low.
The present invention includes following technical scheme:
A kind of lightweight wallboard induced with laser flexible forming system, comprises photographic measurement unit, laser instrument, infrared radiation thermometer, intelligent cooling unit, platen, lathe scan driving mechanism, data analysis control unit and machine control unit; Photographic measurement unit and laser instrument interval are arranged on lathe scan driving mechanism; Infrared radiation thermometer is arranged on laser instrument, photographic measurement unit, laser instrument and infrared radiation thermometer are connected with data analysis control unit respectively, data analysis control unit is connected with machine control unit, at the track while scan of data analysis control unit storage laser, described track while scan comprises multiple scan line, data analysis control unit exports track while scan and controls signal to machine control unit, and machine control unit drives lathe scan driving mechanism to carry out two dimensional motion according to the track while scan of setting according to described track while scan control signal;
Lightweight wallboard planar member to be formed is fixed on platen, and platen is formed multiple pore, and intelligent cooling unit comprises multiple air cooling switch, and multiple air cooling switch is connected with data analysis control unit; Each air cooling Switch Controller answers a pore; By the cold air gas output of the corresponding pore of air cooling switch-mode regulation;
Laser instrument irradiates lightweight wallboard planar member to be formed according to the track while scan of setting under the drive of lathe scan driving mechanism, under the high temperature action of laser instrument and under the cold air gas output acting in conjunction of pore output, there is the flexural deformation towards laser beam direction in lightweight wallboard;
Photographic measurement unit follows laser movement under the drive of lathe scan driving mechanism, and photographic measurement unit is measured the lightweight wallboard flexural deformation that caused by laser illumination and is sent to data analysis control unit;
At each scan line, the temperature that data analysis control unit is measured according to infrared radiation thermometer exports controlled quentity controlled variable to air cooling switch corresponding to this scan line, thus the cooling realizing respective scanned position controls; According to the flexural deformation that photographic measurement unit is measured, data analysis control unit judges whether the deflection of this scan line reaches setting value, if do not reach set-point data analysis controlling unit to export the track while scan rescaning this scan line and control signal to machine control unit, thus drive laser instrument again to irradiate at this scan line; If the track while scan reaching next scan line of set-point data analysis controlling unit output scanning controls signal to machine control unit, thus drives next scan line of laser illumination.
The method utilizing above-mentioned lightweight wallboard induced with laser flexible forming system to form, comprises the steps:
Lightweight wallboard planar member to be formed is fixed on platen;
At each scan line, the lightweight wallboard planar member that laser illumination is to be formed, under the high temperature action of laser instrument and under the cold air gas output acting in conjunction of pore output, there is the flexural deformation towards laser beam direction in lightweight wallboard;
Photographic measurement unit is measured the lightweight wallboard flexural deformation that caused by laser illumination and is sent to data analysis control unit;
The temperature of lightweight wallboard measured by infrared radiation thermometer, and data analysis control unit exports controlled quentity controlled variable to air cooling switch corresponding to this scan line according to the temperature that infrared radiation thermometer is measured, thus realizes the cooling control of respective scanned position; According to the flexural deformation that photographic measurement unit is measured, data analysis control unit judges whether the deflection of this scan line reaches setting value, if do not reach set-point data analysis controlling unit to export the track while scan rescaning this scan line and control signal to machine control unit, thus drive laser instrument again to irradiate at this scan line; If the track while scan reaching next scan line of set-point data analysis controlling unit output scanning controls signal to machine control unit, thus drives next scan line of laser illumination.
A kind of lightweight wallboard induced with laser flexible forming method, comprises the steps:
At each scan line, adopt the lightweight wallboard planar member that laser beam irradiation is to be formed, irradiated area produces strong thermograde on thickness of slab direction, makes wallboard generation plastic deformation; Described lightweight wallboard has reinforcement, and adopt the laser beam irradiation of the first energy at the position that lightweight wallboard has a reinforcement, at the position of lightweight wallboard without reinforcement, adopt the laser beam irradiation of the second energy, the first energy Ratios second energy is large;
Measure the temperature of lightweight wallboard, and carry out cooling the flexural deformation controlling to make lightweight wallboard planar member generation to be formed towards beam direction according to the temperature of the lightweight wallboard measured;
Measure the distortion of lightweight wallboard planar member, judge whether the distortion of lightweight wallboard planar member reaches setting value, if reach setting value, then the laser carrying out next scan line irradiates; If do not reach setting value, then the laser re-starting this scan line irradiates.
The present invention compared with prior art tool has the following advantages:
Day by day integrated at manufacturing equipment, high efficiency, under the prerequisite of automation and precise treatment development, hot formed technical characterstic is induced according to plate with laser, consider and affect the hot formed factor of lightweight integral panel laser flexible, the present invention is integrated with laser scans, Digital photographic on-line measurement, infrared radiation thermometer, cooling controls, data analysis, the integrated design of multi-shaft interlocked lathe, the Real-time Feedback of induced with laser flexible forming process data and Accurate Analysis, the on-line measurement and the overall closed loop that realize forming process control in real time, there is forming accuracy high, residual stress is low, without advantages such as spring-back effects, can realize being of a size of the part induced with laser Accurate Shaping within 3000mm × 4000mm, solve the difficult problems such as lightweight wallboard shaping difficulty is large, efficiency is low.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of lightweight wallboard planar member to be formed;
Fig. 2 is induced with laser flexible forming system schematic of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is induced with laser flexible forming method flow diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is that laser is interrupted dislocation scanning strategy schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is laser input policing schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 is the column construction schematic diagram after lightweight wallboard is shaped.
Detailed description of the invention
Just by reference to the accompanying drawings the present invention is described further below.
The length of the lightweight wallboard of space flight is generally not less than 1m, is not more than 3m, and material generally adopts aluminium alloy form.The thickness of wallboard is at about 2mm-20mm.Lightweight comprises material lightweight and structure lightened; The structure lightened wallboard mainly referring to employing gridding structure.
As shown in Figure 2, lightweight wallboard induced with laser flexible forming system of the present invention, a kind of lightweight wallboard induced with laser flexible forming system, comprise photographic measurement unit, laser instrument, infrared radiation thermometer, intelligent cooling unit, platen, lathe scan driving mechanism, data analysis control unit and machine control unit; Photographic measurement unit and laser instrument interval are arranged on lathe scan driving mechanism; Infrared radiation thermometer is arranged on laser instrument, photographic measurement unit, laser instrument and infrared radiation thermometer are connected with data analysis control unit respectively, data analysis control unit is connected with machine control unit, at the track while scan of data analysis control unit storage laser, described track while scan comprises multiple scan line, data analysis control unit exports track while scan and controls signal to machine control unit, and machine control unit drives lathe scan driving mechanism to carry out two dimensional motion according to the track while scan of setting according to described track while scan control signal;
Lightweight wallboard planar member to be formed is fixed on platen, and platen is formed multiple pore, and intelligent cooling unit comprises multiple air cooling switch, and multiple air cooling switch is connected with data analysis control unit; Each air cooling Switch Controller answers a pore; By the cold air gas output of the corresponding pore of air cooling switch-mode regulation;
Laser instrument irradiates lightweight wallboard planar member to be formed according to the track while scan of setting under the drive of lathe scan driving mechanism, under the high temperature action of laser instrument and under the cold air gas output acting in conjunction of pore output, there is the flexural deformation towards laser beam direction in lightweight wallboard;
Photographic measurement unit follows laser movement under the drive of lathe scan driving mechanism, and photographic measurement unit is measured the lightweight wallboard flexural deformation that caused by laser illumination and is sent to data analysis control unit;
At each scan line, the temperature that data analysis control unit is measured according to infrared radiation thermometer exports controlled quentity controlled variable to air cooling switch corresponding to this scan line, thus the cooling realizing respective scanned position controls; According to the flexural deformation that photographic measurement unit is measured, data analysis control unit judges whether the deflection of this scan line reaches setting value, if do not reach set-point data analysis controlling unit to export the track while scan rescaning this scan line and control signal to machine control unit, thus drive laser instrument again to irradiate at this scan line; If the track while scan reaching next scan line of set-point data analysis controlling unit output scanning controls signal to machine control unit, thus drives next scan line of laser illumination.
Because laser instrument and photographic measurement unit interval are arranged on lathe scan driving mechanism, after laser illumination wallboard planar member 2-5s to be formed, photographic measurement unit just carries out flexural deformation measurement, ensure that and just carry out accurate flexural deformation measurement after lightweight wallboard induced with laser has been out of shape, improve measurement accuracy and real-time; Infrared radiation thermometer is arranged on laser instrument can carry out temperature survey after laser irradiates to be formed simultaneously, ensure that the Collaborative Control that laser irradiates and cools, thus the accurate flexural deformation of wallboard can be realized, according to wallboard heat distortion temperture field distribution situation, soft readjustment wallboard temperature, improves forming efficiency.
Preferably, in each position of each scan line, according to the temperature measured, lightweight wallboard is lowered the temperature in real time.Also when the complete a line of laser scans, cooling can be carried out according to the temperature deviation of same a line wallboard and controls.
As shown in Figure 3, lightweight wallboard induced with laser flexible forming method of the present invention, includes following steps:
Step one, is fixed on platen by lightweight wallboard planar member to be formed; As shown in Figure 1, lightweight wallboard planar member to be formed is rectangle, also can be fan-shaped.Lightweight wallboard planar member to be formed has multiple reinforcement, and multiple reinforcement defines network.
Step 2, at each scan line, adopt the wallboard that the laser beam irradiation of small light spot, fast scan speed, high-energy-density is to be formed, at laser scanning direction, measure the temperature of lightweight wallboard, and carry out cooling the flexural deformation controlling to make lightweight wallboard planar member generation to be formed towards beam direction according to the temperature of the lightweight wallboard measured.When the wallboard upper surface that the laser beam irradiation of small light spot diameter, fast scan speed, high-energy-density is to be formed, irradiated upper surface is heated to the condition of high temperature instantaneously, and be not subject to sharp light-struck sheet material lower surface, its variations in temperature is less.Therefore, irradiated area produces strong thermograde on thickness of slab direction, because the swell increment of sheet material upper surface is greater than lower surface, causes sheet material to deviate from the back-flexing of laser beam.When sheet material begins to cool down, the heat of heating region flows into surrounding volume material, thermograde diminishes, upper surface temperature starts to reduce, material starts to shrink, and lower surface raises gradually because of conduction of heat temperature and starts to expand, therefore, shorter than lower surface material after the cooling of heating region top surface, sheet material produces the accurate flexural deformation towards beam direction.
Preferably, for lightweight aluminium alloy wall panel structure, laser instrument hot spot can adopt circle and rectangle.Wherein, circular light spot diameter is not more than 14mm, and rectangular light spot can adopt 1.5mm × 12mm.Sweep speed adopts 15mm/s-40mm/s usually.Energy input is not more than 3000W.
Step 3, adopts the analytical technology based on digital close range photogrammetry, the distortion of on-line measurement lightweight wallboard planar member;
Step 4, judges whether the distortion of lightweight wallboard planar member reaches setting value, if reach setting value, then the laser carrying out next scan line irradiates, until realize the Accurate Shaping of lightweight wallboard; If do not reach setting value, then the laser re-starting this scan line irradiates.
The lightweight wallboard of final shaping as shown in Figure 6.
The present invention proposes induced with laser sheet material self thermal stress flexible forming method, solve the difficult problems such as lightweight wallboard shaping difficulty is large, efficiency is low, realize the automation of lightweight wallboard, digitlization, intelligentized precision form, meet the demands such as space industry product small lot, kind be many.
Preferably, as shown in Figure 3, each scan line comprises two scan lines that spacing is D, be switched to after the first scan line advance setpoint distance F and move on setpoint distance F along the second scan line, and then be switched to along the first scan line advance setpoint distance F, so circulation is until arrive the end of this scan line.Adopt the interruption dislocation scanning strategy of laser beam energy, scanning pattern is carried out dislocation fractional scanning by this scan mode, can reduce the Texturized of large scale wallboard in this way, improves forming efficiency.
As shown in Figure 4, existence for reinforcement causes the feature that lightweight wallboard has by force, weak structure coexists, preferably adopt the strategy becoming laser energy input, the strong structure position namely with reinforcement adopts the laser beam of higher-energy, without the position of reinforcement, then adopt the laser beam of lower energy.
Embodiment
For the lightweight wallboard of 700mm*400mm, wherein reinforcement height is 17.5mm, groove thickness is 2.5mm, induced with laser is adopted to be configured as shell of column wall panel structure, the workbench of lathe forms a pore at interval of 5cm, laser instrument adopts circular light spot (diameter 10mm) or adopts rectangular light spot (1.5mm*12mm), scanning adopts the mode first accelerating to slow down afterwards, speed is 20mm/s-40mm/s-20mm/s, reinforcement place energy input power is 3000W, adopts 1600W without reinforcement portion of energy; Dislocation sweep spacing D is 1-3mm, and advance setpoint distance F is 30mm.Wherein, during laser scanning input energy, infrared radiation thermometer carries out temperature survey simultaneously, and system, according to the temperature field feedback measured, dynamically to be blown cooling to wallboard, promotes that wallboard produces distortion, raising forming efficiency; Meanwhile, dynamic air blowing cooling can prevent that panel surfaces local temperature is too high causes piece surface calcination.
Adopt said method to carry out induced with laser shaping, be out of shape by continuous laser scanning, wallboard blank, constantly to object construction matching, finally realizes the Accurate Shaping of part.Whole forming process has the advantages such as automation, digitlization, flexibility, and the fabulous feature having adapted to space product small lot, multi items, improves response speed and the efficiency of product development.
The unspecified part of the present invention belongs to general knowledge as well known to those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. a lightweight wallboard induced with laser flexible forming system, is characterized in that, comprises photographic measurement unit, laser instrument, infrared radiation thermometer, intelligent cooling unit, platen, lathe scan driving mechanism, data analysis control unit and machine control unit; Photographic measurement unit and laser instrument interval are arranged on lathe scan driving mechanism; Infrared radiation thermometer is arranged on laser instrument, photographic measurement unit, laser instrument and infrared radiation thermometer are connected with data analysis control unit respectively, data analysis control unit is connected with machine control unit, at the track while scan of data analysis control unit storage laser, described track while scan comprises multiple scan line, data analysis control unit exports track while scan and controls signal to machine control unit, and machine control unit drives lathe scan driving mechanism to carry out two dimensional motion according to the track while scan of setting according to described track while scan control signal;
Lightweight wallboard planar member to be formed is fixed on platen, and platen is formed multiple pore, and intelligent cooling unit comprises multiple air cooling switch, and multiple air cooling switch is connected with data analysis control unit; Each air cooling Switch Controller answers a pore; By the cold air gas output of the corresponding pore of air cooling switch-mode regulation;
Laser instrument irradiates lightweight wallboard planar member to be formed according to the track while scan of setting under the drive of lathe scan driving mechanism, under the high temperature action of laser instrument and under the cold air gas output acting in conjunction of pore output, there is the flexural deformation towards laser beam direction in lightweight wallboard;
Photographic measurement unit follows laser movement under the drive of lathe scan driving mechanism, and photographic measurement unit is measured the lightweight wallboard flexural deformation that caused by laser illumination and is sent to data analysis control unit;
At each scan line, the temperature that data analysis control unit is measured according to infrared radiation thermometer exports controlled quentity controlled variable to air cooling switch corresponding to this scan line, thus the cooling realizing respective scanned position controls; According to the flexural deformation that photographic measurement unit is measured, data analysis control unit judges whether the deflection of this scan line reaches setting value, if do not reach set-point data analysis controlling unit to export the track while scan rescaning this scan line and control signal to machine control unit, thus drive laser instrument again to irradiate at this scan line; If the track while scan reaching next scan line of set-point data analysis controlling unit output scanning controls signal to machine control unit, thus drives next scan line of laser illumination.
2. a kind of lightweight wallboard induced with laser flexible forming system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described lightweight wallboard has reinforcement, the laser energy size that data analysis control unit exports according to the position coordinates adjustment laser instrument at reinforcement place.
3. a kind of lightweight wallboard induced with laser flexible forming system according to claim 2, is characterized in that having the position of reinforcement at lightweight wallboard, and data analysis control unit controls the laser beam that laser instrument exports the first energy; At the position of lightweight wallboard without reinforcement, data analysis control unit controls the laser beam that laser instrument exports the second energy, and the first energy Ratios second energy is large.
4. a kind of lightweight wallboard induced with laser flexible forming system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, each scan line comprises two scan lines that spacing is D, be switched to after the first scan line advance setpoint distance F and move on setpoint distance F along the second scan line, and then be switched to along the first scan line advance setpoint distance F, so circulation is until arrive the end of this scan line.
5. the method utilizing the lightweight wallboard induced with laser flexible forming system described in claim 1 to form, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
Lightweight wallboard planar member to be formed is fixed on platen;
At each scan line, the lightweight wallboard planar member that laser illumination is to be formed, under the high temperature action of laser instrument and under the cold air gas output acting in conjunction of pore output, there is the flexural deformation towards laser beam direction in lightweight wallboard;
Photographic measurement unit is measured the lightweight wallboard flexural deformation that caused by laser illumination and is sent to data analysis control unit;
The temperature of lightweight wallboard measured by infrared radiation thermometer, and data analysis control unit exports controlled quentity controlled variable to air cooling switch corresponding to this scan line according to the temperature that infrared radiation thermometer is measured, thus realizes the cooling control of respective scanned position; According to the flexural deformation that photographic measurement unit is measured, data analysis control unit judges whether the deflection of this scan line reaches setting value, if do not reach set-point data analysis controlling unit to export the track while scan rescaning this scan line and control signal to machine control unit, thus drive laser instrument again to irradiate at this scan line; If the track while scan reaching next scan line of set-point data analysis controlling unit output scanning controls signal to machine control unit, thus drives next scan line of laser illumination.
6. method as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that: described lightweight wallboard is latticed aluminum alloy materials wallboard.
7. method as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: described lightweight wallboard has reinforcement, the laser beam irradiation of the first energy is adopted at the position that lightweight wallboard has a reinforcement, at the position of lightweight wallboard without reinforcement, adopt the laser beam irradiation of the second energy, the first energy Ratios second energy is large.
8. method as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: each scan line comprises two scan lines that spacing is D, be switched to after the first scan line advance setpoint distance F and move on setpoint distance F along the second scan line, and then be switched to along the first scan line advance setpoint distance F, so circulation is until arrive the end of this scan line.
9. a lightweight wallboard induced with laser flexible forming method, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
At each scan line, adopt the lightweight wallboard planar member that laser beam irradiation is to be formed, irradiated area produces strong thermograde on thickness of slab direction, makes wallboard generation plastic deformation; Described lightweight wallboard has reinforcement, and adopt the laser beam irradiation of the first energy at the position that lightweight wallboard has a reinforcement, at the position of lightweight wallboard without reinforcement, adopt the laser beam irradiation of the second energy, the first energy Ratios second energy is large;
Measure the temperature of lightweight wallboard, and carry out cooling the flexural deformation controlling to make lightweight wallboard planar member generation to be formed towards beam direction according to the temperature of the lightweight wallboard measured;
Measure the distortion of lightweight wallboard planar member, judge whether the distortion of lightweight wallboard planar member reaches setting value, if reach setting value, then the laser carrying out next scan line irradiates; If do not reach setting value, then the laser re-starting this scan line irradiates.
10. a kind of lightweight wallboard induced with laser flexible forming method according to claim 9, it is characterized in that, each scan line comprises two scan lines that spacing is D, be switched to after the first scan line advance setpoint distance F and move on setpoint distance F along the second scan line, and then be switched to along the first scan line advance setpoint distance F, so circulation is until arrive the end of this scan line.
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| CN115284001A (en) * | 2022-06-29 | 2022-11-04 | 上海航天精密机械研究所 | Full-process laser processing method for air rudder folding surface skin |
| CN115106664A (en) * | 2022-07-15 | 2022-09-27 | 上海交通大学 | Ship large-size sectional welding deformation control device and method |
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