CN105027898A - Control method for tobacco black shank disease - Google Patents
Control method for tobacco black shank disease Download PDFInfo
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- CN105027898A CN105027898A CN201510372903.7A CN201510372903A CN105027898A CN 105027898 A CN105027898 A CN 105027898A CN 201510372903 A CN201510372903 A CN 201510372903A CN 105027898 A CN105027898 A CN 105027898A
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- black shank
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention provides a control method for a tobacco black shank disease. The prevention effect on the tobacco black shank disease is better, the incidence rate of the tobacco black shank disease is greatly reduced, the effect is good, and the yield and the quality of tobacco are improved. The method is carried out according to the following modes: (1) ecological soil management comprising (1.1) application of 200-300ml of Difulai per acre and (1.2) biological control namely watering of the root by using a high yield technology; (2) agricultural control; (3) physical control, wherein diseased plant residual bodies are removed and are destroyed in a gathered manner; (4) chemical control, wherein after transplanting and seedling returning, the root is watered for one time by using metalaxyl-mancozeb, and the root is watered by using propamocarb hydrochloride water or metalaxyl-propamocarb wettable powder in a tobacco-growing area where black shank germs show resistance to metalaxyl. According to the method, the tobacco black shank disease can be effectively prevented by the ecological soil management; meanwhile, comprehensive control is carried out by taking the measures of agricultural control, physical control and the like, so that the average incidence rate of the tobacco black shank disease is reduced, the yield is increased, the tobacco grade is remarkably improved, and good economical benefits are gained.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the disease that grows tobacco and prevent field, be specifically related to a kind of prevention and controls of black shank.
Background technology
Tobacco, Latin language formal name used at school: Nicotianatabacum.Tobacco is important economic crops.Tobacco is Solanaceae annual herb plant, the nearly kind more than 60 of Nicotiana.Black shank (TobaccoBlackshank) is found in Indonesian Java the earliest by VanBredadeHaan in 1896.Worldwide wide-scale distribution immediately.Current black shank endangers one of comparatively serious disease in World tobacco production, the Major Diseases simultaneously in Ye Shi China tobacco planting process.Cause of disease is Phytophthora nicotianae Breda [Phytophthoraparasiticavar.nicotianae (BredadeHean) Tucker], Mastigomycotina, Oomycete, Peronosporales, Phytophthora.The primary infection inoculum of field period and seedbed phase, mainly from soil in spite of illness, is secondly irrigation water and rainwater, and semi supplied manure; Cigarette seedling is also one of the important primary infection inoculum in land for growing field crops in spite of illness.The sporangium that diseased plant produces and zoospore are splashed by ground flowing water or raindrop or are propagated towards periphery by manual operation, spread to full field gradually.
Tobacco growing all can be fallen ill each period.There is black scab in cigarette seedling of falling ill seedling stage basal part of stem of being everlasting, causes cigarette seedling to be wilted, jaundice; First there is blackspot at near-earth basal part of stem in field period morbidity cigarette strain, after expand gradually, deepen, affect cigarette strain water and nutrient and transport, cause tobacco leaf to turn to be yellow, wilt, rot, whole strain tobacco leaf is sagging, withered downright bad, cutting the visible marrow drying shrinkage of disease stem open is video disc shape, has mycelia therebetween; Leaves infected, forms web rot scab.Field period balck shank classical symptom can be summarized as " black shin ", " waist leakage ", " wearing unlined long gown ", " video disc shape " and " black plaster ".Plantation susceptible variety, continuous cropping vega, hot and humid, rainy this disease that causes are very popular.General hypsography low-lying, impeded drainage, soil glue heavily, the plot morbidity of meta-alkali is heavier, otherwise then lighter.To cause harm heavy plot nematode and soil insect, because they cause a large amount of wound, be conducive to infecting, balck shank also often increases the weight of.Black shank is a kind of soil-borne disease, current black shank control mainly adopts single prophylactico-therapeutic measures to be difficult to control, therefore crop rotation and plantation disease-resistant variety will be taked to be main, strengthen cultivation management, and in conjunction with the aggregate measures of biological control and chemical control, just good control efficiency can be obtained.
In prior art, for black shank control, the control of current black shank mainly adopts single prophylactico-therapeutic measures, is difficult to control: or single employing cultural control or single employing chemical control, not thorough.The application adopts the comprehensive preventive health measuress such as soil ecology improvement, cultural control, physical control and chemical control, is a set of total solution for black shank, has broken conventional single prevention and controls.
In the tobacco growing phase, various prevention and controls all plays a very important role to prevention or control tobacco disease balck shank.Before nursery, select disease-resistant variety, it is vital for cultivating the cultural control measures such as disease-free seedlings; Before tobacco transplant, the ecological management of soil plays a significant role for prevention black shank, and the research of prior art to soil ecology Prevention black shank is also few; Between nursery and field period, after tobacco pathogenesis, use chemical prevention and control method can reach very fast suppression and control efficiency etc.Therefore, what the application adopted is comprehensively, the prophylactico-therapeutic measures of system, namely takes, based on crop rotation and plantation disease-resistant variety, to strengthen the cultural control measures such as cultivation management, and in conjunction with the aggregate measures of ecological management and chemical control, just can obtain good control efficiency.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of prevention and controls of black shank, has reasonable preventive effect to black shank, significantly reduces the black shank incidence of disease, respond well, improves the seed output and quality of tobacco.
Technical scheme of the present invention realizes in the following manner: a kind of prevention and controls of black shank, carries out in the following manner:
(1) soil ecology is administered
1.1 every mu of use 200-300 milliliter ground good fortune are come,
1.2 BIOLOGICAL CONTROL: add many No. 1 150ml of fertile benefit, many No. 2 300ml of fertile benefit in 15 premium on currency, stir, place after 2 days under normal temperature: add many No. 3 100 grams of fertile benefit again, place 1 day again, add water to 250 kilograms, water root after stirring, whole breeding time uses 2-3 time;
(2) cultural control
2.1 select disease-resistant variety,
2.2 cultivate anosis strong sprout, and 100% anosis strong sprout transplanted,
2.3 crop rotations 3 years, crop rotation object is gramineous crop;
(5) physical control: remove the residual body of diseased plant, concentrates and destroys;
(6) chemical control: transplant after going back seedling, in the cigarette district that black shank bacterium shows metalaxyl non-resistant, with 58% first frost MnZn 150 grams/acre, is watered double centner and fills with root 1 time; There is the cigarette district of Resistant expression at black shank bacterium to metalaxyl, adopt 722 80 ~ 100 grams/acre, grams per liter propamocarb aquas or 25% first frost Propamocarb wetting powder 100 ~ 120 grams/acre etc. to be watered double centner and fill with root.
Disease-resistant variety in described step 2.1 is G28, K326, Yun yan85, G80 or G140.
Wheel in described step 2.3 is as rice field-upland field rotation.
Land used good fortune of the present invention is come and fertile beneficial multipair soil carries out ecological management, kills Peronosporales Mycophyta medicament kill black shank phytophthora with 58% first frost MnZn, 722 grams per liter propamocarb aquas or 25% first frost Propamocarb wetting powder etc.Test proves: soil ecology of the present invention is administered effectively can prevent black shank, adopt the measure such as cultural control, physical control to carry out integrated control makes black shank average attack rate reduce simultaneously, output increases, and significantly improves tobacco grade, obtains good economic benefit.
Embodiment
The prevention and controls of black shank of the present invention, carries out in the following manner:
(1) soil ecology is administered
1.1 every mu of use 200-300 milliliter ground good fortune are come; Can be 200ml, 300ml or 250ml.
Ground good fortune black shank control in Main Function be: ground good fortune come competent cell fertilizer can decompose and remove do nitrite in object, hydrogen sulphide and agricultural chemicals remain, the heavy metals such as absorption and degraded chromium, nickel, lead, tin, cobalt, bioactie agent C, G, F contained by it, crop Inner eycle can be participated in, repair rapidly damaged cell safer by food; Can improve soil physical and chemical property, make organic and humic acid content lifting, granular structure is formed soon, ventilation good water-retaining property, and crops well developed root system, fibrous root length, Bai Genduo, activity by force, improve soil nutrient absorbing capacity; Ground good fortune is come can activating soil rhizospheric microorganism, large, the middle and trace element of release soil solidification, high-efficiency nitrogen-fixing, for tobacco provides full nutrition, and short root strong sprout; Improve the photosynthesis of tobacco and disease-resistant, anti-adversity ability, have good preventive effect to Tobacco Root balck shank.Ground good fortune is come in nursery stage stratification strong sprout; The transplanting initial stage takes root, and improves premunition; Activating soil rhizospheric microorganism.
1.2 BIOLOGICAL CONTROL: add many No. 1 150ml of fertile benefit, many No. 2 300ml of fertile benefit in 15 premium on currency, stir, place after 2 days under normal temperature: add many No. 3 100 grams of fertile benefit again, place 1 day again, add water to 250 kilograms, water root after stirring, whole breeding time uses 2-3 time.
Containing the high-efficiency activated beneficial microbe bacterium of 200-300 many kinds during fertile benefit is many, increase the soil organic matter, hormone and the antibiotic of the growth of extra natural plants are provided, suppress fungi in soil and nematode and plant root damage by disease and insect, fundamentally decrease the usage amount of agricultural chemicals.Fertile benefit when using should lucifuge, avoids the products such as exposed to pesticides, gasoline, washing agent, bactericide.Must not with combined use of pesticides, and more than 3 days, insecticide interval, and bactericide, more than 7 days, weed killer herbicide interval.Under more moistening condition, application effect is best, as cloudy, rainy day irrigate.Chemical nitrogen fertilizer excessive concentration will be unfavorable for the survival of microorganism, and whole process keeps ventilative, and minimum temperature is not less than 15 DEG C, optimum temperature, 20-40 DEG C.Ensure every mu before using and have 5-10 kilogram of composite fertilizer or enough fertilizers, effect of increasing production is better.
Use fertile benefit how after, in soil, quantity of useful microbe increases, participate in the conversion of matter and energy in soil, the formation Sum decomposition of humus, the release of nutrient, the fixing of nitrogen directly simultaneously, promote the enhancing of soil fertility and then suppress fungi in soil and nematode and plant root damage by disease and insect, the fertile benefit product adopting A Kun Na Si company of Norway more.Specific as follows:
Many No. 1 of the fertile benefit of 150ml specification applies " microbial envelope " technology advanced in the world.The probiotics of Various Functions is prepared into microbial inoculum, after activated expansion is numerous, is applicable to each vegetative period of multiple soil environment and crop, meets organic farming requirement.Special efficacy: one is that to make fertilizer efficiency rate high, balanced nutrients, stablely improves utilization rate of fertilizer and soil fertility, and the lasting period can reach more than 4 months.Two is optimize soil ecology structure, administer harden, pollute, acidifying and salinization soil Be very effective.Three is to formation biological control root-knot nematode and soil-borne disease mechanism, anti-dead, anti-continuous cropping effect gives prominence to.Four is automatic regulating crop growth, growth-promoting root, strong sprout, raising tobacco production and quality.
Many No. 2 application of fertile benefit " the marine bioactivity object height purity extractive technique " preparation of 300ml specification, is applicable to each vegetative period of various plants, meets organic farming requirement.Special efficacy: be rich in 19 kinds of L monoamino-acids, mineral matter and natural polymerses, can directly for microorganism and plant growth provide nutrition.There is the booster action of control root-knot nematode and soil-borne disease.Crops well developed root system can be promoted fast, strengthen leaf photosynthesis and crop disease-resistant, anti-adversity ability; Strong sprout, healthy tree, increase yield, oil recovery enhancement.
Many No. 3 of the fertile benefit of 100g specification is rich in high-purity, high-load chitin and chitinase induced activity thing.Can activate, inducing plant and microorganism biological generate biology enzyme, the disease-resistant factor such as organic acid, alkaloid, control root-knot nematode and soil-borne disease in a large number; Meanwhile, can promote that beneficial bacterium flood tide expands fast numerous, can plant growth be stimulated again.
(2) cultural control
2.1 select excellent disease-resistant variety, as G28, K326, Yun yan85, G80 or G140,
2.2 cultivate anosis strong sprout, and 100% anosis strong sprout transplanted,
2.3 adhere to crop rotation, crop rotation 3 years, and crop rotation object is gramineous crop, preferably adopts rice field-upland field rotation; Middle low altitude area cigarette district, takes off film in time and proposes ditch ridging, alleviate disease, medical history cigarette district, flood irrigation measures such as " horse race water " of forbidding that employing is put;
(3) physical control: remove the residual body of diseased plant, concentrates and destroys;
(4) chemical control: transplant after going back seedling, in the cigarette district that black shank bacterium shows metalaxyl non-resistant, with 58% first frost MnZn 150 grams/acre, is watered double centner and fills with root 1 time.
Wherein, 58% first frost MnZn (having another name called treasured gloomy greatly) adopts the product of Jiangsu Baoling Chemical Co., Ltd.
Embodiment 2
(1) soil ecology is administered
1.1 every mu of use 200-300 milliliter ground good fortune are come;
1.2 BIOLOGICAL CONTROL: add many No. 1 150ml of fertile benefit, many No. 2 300ml of fertile benefit in 15 premium on currency, stir, place after 2 days under normal temperature: add many No. 3 100 grams of fertile benefit again, place 1 day again, add water to 250 kilograms, water root after stirring, whole breeding time uses 2-3 time.
(2) cultural control
2.1 select excellent disease-resistant variety, as G28, K326, Yun yan85, G80 or G140,
2.2 cultivate anosis strong sprout, and 100% anosis strong sprout transplanted,
2.3 adhere to crop rotation, crop rotation 3 years, and crop rotation object is gramineous crop, preferably adopts rice field-upland field rotation; Middle low altitude area cigarette district, takes off film in time and proposes ditch ridging, alleviate disease, in medical history cigarette district, and flood irrigation measures such as " horse race water " of forbidding that employing is put;
(3) physical control: remove the residual body of diseased plant, concentrates and destroys;
(4) chemical control: transplant after going back seedling, there is the cigarette district of Resistant expression at black shank bacterium to metalaxyl, adopt 722 80 ~ 100 grams/acre, grams per liter propamocarb aquas or 25% first frost Propamocarb wetting powder 100 ~ 120 grams/acre to be watered double centner and fill with root.
Wherein, 722 grams per liter propamocarb aquas (treasured is made every effort to overcome) are that one kills Peronosporales Mycophyta medicament, 25% first frost Propamocarb wetting powder (precious gram) is also kill Peronosporales Mycophyta medicament, all can adopt Jiangsu Baoling Chemical Co., Ltd's product.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a prevention and controls for black shank, it is characterized in that carrying out in the following manner:
(1) soil ecology is administered
1.1 every mu of use 200-300 milliliter ground good fortune are come,
1.2 BIOLOGICAL CONTROL: add many No. 1 150ml of fertile benefit, many No. 2 300ml of fertile benefit in 15 premium on currency, stir, place after 2 days under normal temperature: add many No. 3 100 grams of fertile benefit again, place 1 day again, add water to 250 kilograms, water root after stirring, whole breeding time uses 2-3 time;
(2) cultural control
2.1 select disease-resistant variety,
2.2 cultivate anosis strong sprout, and 100% anosis strong sprout transplanted,
2.3 crop rotations 3 years, crop rotation object is gramineous crop;
(3) physical control: remove the residual body of diseased plant, concentrates and destroys;
(4) chemical control: transplant after going back seedling, in the cigarette district that black shank bacterium shows metalaxyl non-resistant, with 58% first frost MnZn 150 grams/acre, is watered double centner and fills with root 1 time; There is the cigarette district of Resistant expression at black shank bacterium to metalaxyl, adopt 722 80 ~ 100 grams/acre, grams per liter propamocarb aquas or 25% first frost Propamocarb wetting powder 100 ~ 120 grams/acre to be watered double centner and fill with root.
2. the prevention and controls of black shank according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the disease-resistant variety in described step 2.1 is G28, K326, Yun yan85, G80 or G140.
3. the prevention method of black shank according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the wheel in described step 2.3 is as rice field-upland field rotation.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510372903.7A CN105027898A (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2015-06-30 | Control method for tobacco black shank disease |
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| CN201510372903.7A CN105027898A (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2015-06-30 | Control method for tobacco black shank disease |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105409658A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-03-23 | 山东潍坊烟草有限公司 | Blackleg control method for flue-cured tobacco |
| CN107493885A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2017-12-22 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | A kind of method that early prevention is combined preventing and treating crop field tobacco black shank with health care cultivation |
| CN109169125A (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2019-01-11 | 云南省烟草公司普洱市公司 | Tobacco planting method based on soil moved in improve the original improvement soil property prevention and treatment balck shank |
| CN109302921A (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2019-02-05 | 河南省农业科学院烟草研究所 | A kind of green prevention and control method of tobacco black shank |
| CN110771470A (en) * | 2019-10-10 | 2020-02-11 | 红塔烟草(集团)有限责任公司 | High-altitude mountain KRK26 tobacco production and planting method |
| CN112703986A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-04-27 | 云南省烟草公司曲靖市公司 | Method for efficiently killing tobacco black shank bacteria in soil |
-
2015
- 2015-06-30 CN CN201510372903.7A patent/CN105027898A/en active Pending
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105409658A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-03-23 | 山东潍坊烟草有限公司 | Blackleg control method for flue-cured tobacco |
| CN105409658B (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2018-01-30 | 山东潍坊烟草有限公司 | A kind of prevention and controls of flue-cured tobacco balck shank |
| CN107493885A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2017-12-22 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | A kind of method that early prevention is combined preventing and treating crop field tobacco black shank with health care cultivation |
| CN109169125A (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2019-01-11 | 云南省烟草公司普洱市公司 | Tobacco planting method based on soil moved in improve the original improvement soil property prevention and treatment balck shank |
| CN109302921A (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2019-02-05 | 河南省农业科学院烟草研究所 | A kind of green prevention and control method of tobacco black shank |
| CN110771470A (en) * | 2019-10-10 | 2020-02-11 | 红塔烟草(集团)有限责任公司 | High-altitude mountain KRK26 tobacco production and planting method |
| CN112703986A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-04-27 | 云南省烟草公司曲靖市公司 | Method for efficiently killing tobacco black shank bacteria in soil |
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