CN105010246A - Barley pest breeding method - Google Patents
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a barley pest breeding method which includes the following steps of breeding pest selection; 2, breeding site selection; 3, feeding equipment selection; 4, breeding feed and formula selection; 5 breeding management process and 6, prevention and treatment of plant diseases and insect pests of barley pests. By means of the barley pest breeding method, killing and devouring can be prevented, immunity is improved, the growth speed of the barley pests is increased, digesting and absorbing capacity is improved, smell and flies are removed, the breeding environment is improved, the breeding performance of the barley pests is improved, the spawning rate is increased, the spawning cycle is prolonged, and mildewing of feed is prevented.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultural method of a kind of barley worm.
Background technology
Barley worm (Zophobas morio) is under the jurisdiction of coleoptera, TRenebrionidae, powder genus.Also known as Super Wheat skinworm or super bread worm, it and yellow mealworm external form are alike, for belonging to xenogenesis together.Originate in central and south america.In 1984, the U.S. started the captive breeding of barley worm, after this universal Europe.It becomes polypide to be about 40 ~ 60mm, oblong, dark brown, without hair, glossy.It is 20.0% that barley worm live body contains protein content, fat 16.0%, cellulose etc. 6.8%, moisture 59.0%.In addition, also containing various trace elements such as phosphorus, potassium, iron, sodium, aluminium.It is the advantages such as nutritious, easy digestion, good palatability, is the ideal protein feed of the special animals cultivation such as development tortoise, wood frog, the giant salamander, lizard, pet cultivation.Professional fishing ground in overseas and high-grade pet breeding field all using barley worm as a kind of important life food, have and develop into the trend suitable with yellow mealworm, cricket, earthworm.
Barley Eimeria holometabolan, all one's life will experience ovum, larva, pupa, adult 4 worm states, and whole life cycle is 6 months, or longer; The ovum of barley worm is Long Circle, and milky, is about 1.5 ~ 2mm, wide 0.6mm.Ovum appearance is chorion, and chorion is thin and soft, very easily damaged.Outer had mucus, can adhere to one deck worm excrement and feed, play a protective role.7 ~ 10 days ovum phases.
Barley worm polypide is large, and the long 40 ~ 60mm of the general body of larva, wide about 5 ~ 6mm, wall scroll worm weighs 1.3 ~ 1.5g, cylindrical.Its body wall is comparatively hard, and yellowish-brown is glossy, has 13 joints, and there is yellowish-brown ring grain each joint junction, and the outside of belly is yellow.In larval growth process, body surface color is first in white, and become yellowish-brown after sloughing off first time skin, within later every 4 ~ 6 days, cast off a skin 1 time, larval phase casts off a skin 6 ~ 10 times altogether.Vegetative period is 60 days.Larva starts anew to cast off a skin, and before casting off a skin, activity starts to reduce, and the larva just casted off a skin is creamy white, very fragile, the most vulnerable.
When barley worm larva prepare pupate time, culture surface can be climbed to, through in a few days prepupal period after just can pupate.Polypide long 20 ~ 30mm when just pupating, wide about 7mm, is creamy white, and body wall is softer, and gradually become faint yellow after the time is long, body surface also becomes hard.Pupa can only lean on twisting abdominal exercise, can not creep.
Barley worm has the habit having stronger mutual residual wound to take food than yellow mealworm, pupating, larva is the same with the larva casted off a skin often is subject to similar injury, larva also can be bitten pupa sometimes, makes barley worm abandon pupating, and with the survival of the state of larva, change pupa of can not peeling is laid eggs for a long time.For enabling barley worm pupate to lay eggs, need keeper to be separated the barley worm that those are about to pupate, the shape mainly will seeing barley worm of separation is and form.The larva pupated does not like activity, rolls up, and skin shine is poor.
Barley worm adult stage is the breeding period of barley worm.Adult shell of just having casted off a skin out is milky, head orange, and crust is very thin, and within 1 ~ 2 day, back part becomes pitchy, belly yellowish-brown, oval, is about 25 ~ 30mm, wide about 8mm.Polypide is divided into head, chest, abdomen three part.3 is right enough, and 1 to growing at anterior part of chest.Creep speed is fast.90 ~ 120 days breeding periods of adult, often only female worm lays eggs 250 ~ 1000 ovum, eggs on average 600.
Barley worm adult has fecundity, and breeding period, female male worm ratio was 1: 1.Body colour blackening during imaginosa maturation, the female insect bodily form is obviously bigger than normal than male worm individuality, the habit having lasting mating and lay eggs.During mating, male is climbed in female individuals, and ovipositor and fertilization tube stretch out, and have contacted mating.Female worm mating was laid eggs after 2 ~ 3 days, and can lay eggs by multiple mating, and female worm can lay eggs more than 250 ~ 1000 grains continuously.In average 90 ~ 120 days of egg-laying period, spawning peak is for sprouting wings latter 10 ~ 30 days.Feeding quality is larger on egg laying amount impact.
The happiness of barley worm is gregarious, is suitable for high-density rearing.But barley worm has more habit of killing each other, habit of killing each other refers to that adult eats ovum, stings food larva and pupa, and high instar larvae stings the phenomenon of food low instar larvae or pupa.Worm amount is produced in autotomy impact, and this phenomenon is multiple, and to be born in stocking density too high, and particularly adult and larva different larval instar are raised together with even more serious.
Barley worm adapts to dark surrounds life for a long time, and happiness secretly keeps in dark place, and nocturnalism is more.Therefore barley worm be applicable to multilayer divide dish raise, to make full use of space.
Barley worm vitality is strong, and resistance to famine, yearningly resistance to, and the whole year can growth and breeding, with ovum-larva-pupa until the breeding cycle turning into adult is about about 180 days.Barley worm is liked trooping, and temperature takes food 13 DEG C of activities, and its optimum temperature of growing is 24 ~ 30 DEG C, and less than 5 DEG C and more than 35 DEG C can be lethal; It is more suitable 60% ~ 75% that relative air humidity requires.At 30 DEG C, Adult worms producting eggs is maximum, and every adult is the highest can lay eggs about 1000, lower than 14 DEG C of little mate and oviposits, lower than 10 DEG C of not mate and oviposits.Difference can great changes have taken place because of temperature condition for incubation cycle, when temperature 25 ~ 30 DEG C, and 8 ~ 12 days ovum phases; When temperature 19 ~ 22 DEG C, 15 ~ 20 days ovum phases, when temperature less than 15 DEG C, then ovum is seldom hatched.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide the cultural method of a kind of barley worm, and it can solve problem existing in background technology effectively.
In order to solve problem existing in background technology, it is cultivated by following steps:
The selection of step one, kind worm; When selecting worm kind, preferably buying the worm kind that specialized department cultivates or cultivates voluntarily, often supporting for 2 ~ 3 generations later and changing 1 worm kind.Introduce a fine variety and can draw into instar larvae, pupa, adult, but to draw into instar larvae for the best, transport also facilitates.
The selection in step 2, raising place; Cultivation barley worm can make full use of unused building.Place should be selected in leeward on the sunny side, ventilates, environment quiet, away from the place in highway and chemical plant, the quiet environment in adaptation rural area; The size of feeding room, by its cultivation barley worm number determine.
The selection of step 3, feeding facility; The feeding facility of barley worm mainly contains: (1) rearing tray, (2) raise frame, (3) ovigerous disk, (4) bolter, (5) other equipment: thermometer and moisture meter, old newspaper or blank sheet of paper (making ovum card during Adult worms producting eggs), plastic basin, sprayer or watering pot, tweezers, magnifying glass, whiskbroom etc.;
The selection of step 4, feed for nursing and formula; Barley worm common feedstuffs has following several large class: (1) wheat bran rice bran class, (2) green goods, (3) agricultural crop straw, chaff powder biological feedstuff class, (4) high-quality fine fodder class.In a word, barley worm feed should be varied, and energy, protein, vitamin and moisture want sufficient;
Terramycin, trace element, powdered glucose and royal jelly etc. can be added if desired, to improve barley worm premunition, purification and rejuvenation population, accelerate flourish.In feed, water content remains on 15% ~ 18%, if humidity is excessive, fecal pollution in addition, easily makes polypide ill.Feed is fresh, not mould not rotten, and feed is kept uniform temperature, avoids barley worm to eat cool feed;
The feed formula of larva: wheat bran 35%, middle pig complete feed (or large duck complete feed) 35%, soya-bean cake 10%, system chaff after fermentation or stalk 20%, add feeding B B-complex (Kinsey dimension) 50 grams in addition, pig premix (one hundred days are delivered for sale) 80 grams, feeding salt-mixture 250 grams;
The formula of adult: wheat bran 50%, fish meal 4%, middle pig complete feed (or large duck complete feed) 15%, the stalk of fermentation or system chaff 26%, sugar 4%, salt-mixture 1%.Add feeding B B-complex (Kinsey dimension) 50 grams in addition, pig premix (one hundred days are delivered for sale) 80 grams, feeding salt-mixture 250 grams.This formula is applicable to the adult in egg-laying period, can extend Life of Adult, improves egg laying amount.
The management process of step 5, raising; (1) feeding and management of larva; The raising of larva refer to from hatch larva to larvae pupation during this period of time, generally at 60 days, raise in incubator box and rearing tray.According to larva different growing stages, larva being divided into four steps, is the larvae phase respectively, the small grub phase, larva mid-term and larva later stage, and what different step was applied jigs difference, and the feed of throwing something and feeding is also different.
(2) feeding and management of pupa; Mature larvae looks about suitable place and pupates before pupating, and the insect skin shine that pupate is poor, and the bodily form is slightly aobvious heavy, also not too likes dynamic.Many throwings cobalt blue pigment when larvae pupation, is conducive to pupating and emergence after pupa.For avoiding pupa to be bitten by other larva, every day will pick pupa in another box in time, then sprinkles one deck fine fodder, is advisable not cover pupal cell, avoids larva to bite pupa, keeps temperature and gas exchanges.
(3) feeding and management of adult; The object of raising adult makes it produce a large amount of worm's ovums.The ratio of throwing in female male imago is 1: 1.Before input adult, first rearing tray or connect ovum dish on case heelpiece, then connect ovum paper on dish one, upper berth, adult density is 1000 ~ 1200/m
2.The feed that in case, layer overlay 1cm is thick, produces in feed so that adult produces ovum to be unlikely on paper.After adult eclosion 6 ~ 11 days start to lay eggs, and be barley worm spawning period in 2 months after pupa turns into adult, during this period, adult is constantly taken food and lays eggs, so will note strengthening nutrition and management, to improve egg laying amount, extend the egg-laying period, feed 1 ~ 2 every day.
(4) feeding and management of ovum phase; Change receipts when connecing ovum paper, the quires changing receipts on the same day be put in same larva box (incubator box), allow ovum naturally hatch.Within about 7 ~ 10 days, all can hatch larva, then ovum paper be extracted out one by one and shake off larva, be allowed to condition at incubator box continued growth and grow, enter the feeding and management phase of larva.
The control of step 6, the insect pest of barley parasitosis; (1) kill each other; (2) bacteriological infection; (3) acarid is sick.
Owing to have employed above technical scheme, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1), prevent killing and devouring: the nature that barley worm innately has cannibalism, eats mutually, worm eats worm and causes many losses to raiser.Fermented forage is according to barley worm, yellow mealworm growth developmental characteristic, take natural organic matter as matrix, add many animals and grow necessary micronutrient element and honey, polysaccharide, use modern aerobic and anaerobic organism engineering, refining high-effective microorganism live probiotic bacteria agent.
(2), improve immunity: balanced feed nutrition, strengthen body resistance; Beneficial bacterium secretion metabolite, can stimulate body to produce antibody, thus improve barley worm (super-yellow mealworm) immunity of organisms.
(3), barley worm growth rate, absorption and digestion ability is promoted: the technical program energy metabolism secretion physiological activator, stimulates body secretes digestive ferment, thus improve efficiency of feed utilization, Shortening culturing period, reduce feeding cost.
(4), dispel smelly except fly, improve feeding environment: the concentration reducing the toxic gas such as ammonia, hydrogen sulphide in breeding environment, eliminate the discomfort do not controlled well and cause because of improper ventilation, temperature humidity, and greatly reduce the deliquescing blackening of insect health and the generation of death that cause because acarid grows.
(5), improve barley worm reproductive capability, improve spawning rate, extend oviposition period.
(6), prevent feed mold: prevent pathogen from entering, its ester composition does not decompose in herbvore pest body, produces physiological disorder lethal, has remarkable result to various pests such as nematodes.The growth and breeding that probio can kill, suppress noxious bacteria prevents feed mold.
Embodiment
The technological means realized to make the present invention, creation characteristic, reaching object and effect is easy to understand, below the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention being clearly and completely described.
Embodiment
A cultural method for barley worm, it is cultivated by following steps:
The selection of step one, kind worm; When selecting worm kind, preferably buying the worm kind that specialized department cultivates or cultivates voluntarily, often supporting for 2 ~ 3 generations later and changing 1 worm kind.Introduce a fine variety and can draw into instar larvae, pupa, adult, but to draw into instar larvae for the best, transport also facilitates.Be chosen to instar larvae make worm kind and should meet following condition: individual large, 600 ~ 800/kg; Vitality is strong, and larva creeps soon, strong to illumination reaction, likes dark.When insect is placed on the palm of the hand, creep rapidly, run into dish leaf and melon and fruit peel and can crawl very soon and take food; Body is healthy and strong, and polypide is enriched full, and color and luster is deeply brown, and body surface is shinny, and outside of belly white portion is obvious, and body length is at more than 60mm;
The selection in step 2, raising place; Cultivation barley worm can make full use of unused building.Place should be selected in leeward on the sunny side, ventilates, environment quiet, away from the place in highway and chemical plant, the quiet environment in adaptation rural area; The size of feeding room, by its cultivation barley worm number determine.Usually with a room 20m
2, support 300 ~ 500 dishes and be advisable; All rooms must take on a new look after whitewashing, blocking corner hole, gap, to reach protection against rodents, ant of going out, keep clean object; Window Polypropylence Sheet is sealed, and prevents direct sunlight, keeps dark; Flat smooth is answered on ground, and indoor forbid to place agricultural chemicals and the large medicine of other smells, remove indoor worm corpse in time.Summer temp controls below 33 DEG C, and when winter produces as continued breeding, receptacle should install heat-barrier material, heat temperature-controlling system and Ventilated damp-removed system etc., temperature is controlled to more than 20 DEG C.Produce if do not need winter, insect can be allowed to enter overwintering stage, do not need to heat.Thermometer and moisture meter will be established in indoor, and worm dish central authorities also need plug in thermometer thermometric, so that by Temperature and Humidity Control in suitable scope;
The selection of step 3, feeding facility; The feeding facility of barley worm mainly contains; (1) rearing tray: rearing tray is drawer-like treucher, rectangle, specification is the open box of 80cm × 40cm × 15cm.Box inwall should without hole for nailing, seamless, bore vestige without worm, the box limit thick plank of 1.0 ~ 1.5cm, tumble in moulding or sticking cloth in surrounding and fix and make smooth lining, also can brush paint, escape with insect protected; Tight with three-ply board or fiber board bolt at the bottom of box, brush paint, in case insect bite.(2) raise frame: adopt angle iron welding or the lumps of wood to be formed by connecting, also rearing tray directly can be piled up, namely coil every a dish pile one, two dishes are between the upper and lower apart from about 10cm, and every day need not move dish, and hand stretches into disk space and feeds worm, saves a lot of labour.(3) ovigerous disk: ovigerous disk is mainly used in raising adult, is placed on rearing tray or connects on ovum dish, for pupa hatching and Adult worms producting eggs.Ovigerous disk specification reduces several centimetres than rearing tray, generally adopts the open box of 75cm × 35cm × 12cm, (4) bolter: bolter has several different size more.For the worm excrement that screens out all ages and classes phase be separated insect, sieve surrounding 1cm plank, the wire netting that bottom thickness is different is made, and sieve also should have smooth zone inside limit, prevents insect from fleeing.(5) other equipment: thermometer and moisture meter, old newspaper or blank sheet of paper (making ovum card during Adult worms producting eggs), plastic basin, sprayer or watering pot, tweezers, magnifying glass, whiskbroom etc.;
The selection of step 4, feed for nursing and formula; Barley worm common feedstuffs has following several large class: (1) wheat bran rice bran class, is the main feed of conventional husbandry; (2) green goods: various fresh vegetables leaf or the supplementing as moisture such as wax gourd, custard squash, potato, radish and various cheap fruit; (3) agricultural crop straw, chaff powder biological feedstuff class: various agricultural crop straw, chaff powder, leaf, weeds etc., pulverizes and is made into biological feedstuff use through biofermentation process; (4) high-quality fine fodder class: the sweet foods such as corn flour, groundnut meal, beancake powder, black sesame powder, peameal, fish meal and candy slag end, the feed as barley worm adds proportioning and uses.In a word, barley worm feed should be varied, and energy, protein, vitamin and moisture want sufficient;
Terramycin, trace element, powdered glucose and royal jelly etc. can be added if desired, to improve barley worm premunition, purification and rejuvenation population, accelerate flourish.In feed, water content remains on 15% ~ 18%, if humidity is excessive, fecal pollution in addition, easily makes polypide ill.Feed is fresh, not mould not rotten, and feed is kept uniform temperature, avoids barley worm to eat cool feed;
The feed formula of larva: wheat bran 35%, middle pig complete feed (or large duck complete feed) 35%, soya-bean cake 10%, system chaff after fermentation or stalk 20%, add feeding B B-complex (Kinsey dimension) 50 grams in addition, pig premix (one hundred days are delivered for sale) 80 grams, feeding salt-mixture 250 grams;
The formula of adult: wheat bran 50%, fish meal 4%, middle pig complete feed (or large duck complete feed) 15%, the stalk of fermentation or system chaff 26%, sugar 4%, salt-mixture 1%.Add feeding B B-complex (Kinsey dimension) 50 grams in addition, pig premix (one hundred days are delivered for sale) 80 grams, feeding salt-mixture 250 grams.This formula is applicable to the adult in egg-laying period, can extend Life of Adult, improves egg laying amount.
The processing method of above two kinds of feed formulas is: mixed thoroughly by various composition, is wet feed, directly mixes and stirs and can feed owing to the addition of fermented stalk, and barley worm is liked to eat very much, and the material mixed will have been fed at once; Also can add appropriate water and be twisted into group, be pressed into little pie, can use after airing.Culturist with good conditionsi, can use with the expanded one-tenth particle of feed granulator.
Above feed we claim it to be concentrated feed, the barley worm of raising, except needs concentrated feed, also needs a large amount of green fodders, melon and fruit peel, vegetable leaf etc.Concentrated feed and the green fodder generally respective ratio accounted for are about 1: 2.
The management process of step 5, raising: the feeding and management of (1) larva; The raising of larva refer to from hatch larva to larvae pupation during this period of time, generally at 60 days, raise in incubator box and rearing tray.According to larva different growing stages, larva being divided into four steps, is the larvae phase respectively, the small grub phase, larva mid-term and larva later stage, and what different step was applied jigs difference, and the feed of throwing something and feeding is also different.
First carry out sieve ovum before the hatching of larvae phase, first by under the feed in case and other chips sieve during sieve ovum, then ovum paperboard is put in incubator box together and hatch.Ovum can hatch larva in 10 days in incubator box.The small grub phase, the feed of larva mainly from multiplication plot with the egg-laying period feed that pieces of an egg together bring.First time need drop into primary larvae feeds after screening out worm excrement.The formula of feed should be connected mutually with egg-laying period feed, and below particle 0.5mm is advisable.
Larva mid-term, larval growth is vigorous very active, and food ingestion is very large, and the granularity of particle need not be particular about, but should screen out worm excrement in time, prevents cyclic polluting.Larval growth is fast, casts off a skin many, if this step deprivation of food moisture, barley worm lack of water and eating mutually, many soilings, the moisture that supply is sufficient.
In the larva later stage, when larva grows to about 5cm, color is shoaled by pitchy, and appetite reduces, and will enter step of pupating very soon.Now can reduce and feed.
Do not become instar larvae to feed green vegetables more, favourable to growing of pupa and adult.Some mature larvaes are after the phase of pupating, and appetite performance is poor, can add and feed fish meal, to promote to pupate unanimously.
Larval phase growth is very fast, within 2 ~ 3 weeks, can reach 0.5 ~ 1.0cm, can reach 5 ~ 6cm through the growths of 4 ~ 5 weeks.Feed intake in the larva raising phase and will notice that essence, cobalt blue pigment are arranged in pairs or groups, early stage, cobalt blue pigment was auxiliary, and the later stage, fine fodder was auxiliary based on cobalt blue pigment based on fine fodder.To raise according to the timely branch mailbox of density in feeding process, reduce stocking density, because density is too high will cause cutting one another's throat of barley worm.Because of growth rate difference, there is phenomenon not of uniform size in larva, branch mailbox is raised by size.
Summer temperature is high, can feed a little dish leaf, melon and fruit etc.During temperature height feed, when temperature is low less feed.Do not become instar larvae to feed green vegetables more, favourable to growing of pupa and adult.Some mature larvaes are after the phase of pupating, and appetite performance is poor, can add and feed fish meal, to promote to pupate unanimously
(2) feeding and management of pupa; Mature larvae looks about suitable place and pupates before pupating, and the insect skin shine that pupate is poor, and the bodily form is slightly aobvious heavy, also not too likes dynamic.Many throwings cobalt blue pigment when larvae pupation, is conducive to pupating and emergence after pupa.For avoiding pupa to be bitten by other larva, every day will pick pupa in another box in time, then sprinkles one deck fine fodder, is advisable not cover pupal cell, avoids larva to bite pupa, keeps temperature and gas exchanges.
Because all belong to same growth conditions, the desire that they are not fought, there is not appetite yet, even if so this time does not feed them, do not have the danger that the weak are the prey of the strong yet.Also there is people to be raised separately by each larva that will pupate, make it safer pupating.
Prepupal period, the semidormancy state before whole larva is all in and pupates, at this moment picks up pupa again, after all pupating, sifts out and puts in emergence case.The pupa chosen can be sprouted wings by the different difference emergence case be placed on respectively sprinkled with the thick thick sheet wheat bran of 1cm of age in days, and put pupa thickness and be advisable to pave 1 ~ 2 layer, blocked up meeting causes pupa death by suffocation.After putting pupa, every day will check, the dead pupa removing blackening at any time, redden and soften, and pupa also will be prevented to be infected by the virus.The emergence preference temperature of pupa is 25 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C, and humidity is 65% ~ 75%.
Pupa, at feed surface, time more than 20 DEG C, just turned into adult after 6 ~ 7 days, in eclosion process, chose in time except dead worm, disability worm and emergence skin, and sticked age in days label.To the adult after emergence, before polypide body colour becomes pitchy, Adult worms producting eggs rearing in box will be forwarded to and support.
(3) feeding and management of adult; The object of raising adult makes it produce a large amount of worm's ovums.The ratio of throwing in female male imago is 1: 1.Before input adult, first rearing tray or connect ovum dish on case heelpiece, then connect ovum paper on dish one, upper berth, adult density is 1000 ~ 1200/m
2.The feed that in case, layer overlay 1cm is thick, produces in feed so that adult produces ovum to be unlikely on paper.After adult eclosion 6 ~ 11 days start to lay eggs, barley worm spawning period in 2 months after pupa turns into adult, during this period, adult is constantly taken food and lays eggs, so will note strengthening nutrition and management, to improve egg laying amount, extend the egg-laying period, feed 1 ~ 2 every day, first evenly sprinkle thick about 1cm wheat bran or mixed feed, sprinkle the wheat bran that the green vegetables mixing to smash are mixed again, to provide moisture and replenishing vitamins, with eating with putting, keep fresh, it is excessive to must guard against, in order to avoid humidity is excessive, melon dish rots, and wheat bran makes moist and goes mouldy, cause adult sick, reduce egg laying amount.Adult has the habit of laying eggs downwards.Stretch out ovipositor when laying eggs through wire gauze mesh, ovum is produced in the feed on paper or between paper and net.Connect ovum paper and change 1 time/3 days, but contain phase or thermophilic of laying eggs at Adult worms producting eggs and connect ovum paper season and preferably change 1 times/day.Order is first changing-over ovum paper, then adds feed.Adult worms producting eggs contains after date, and female worm aging death gradually, remaining female worm egg laying amount also significantly declines.So eliminate in good time, in order to avoid waste feed, artificial and take box of laying eggs.
(4) feeding and management of ovum phase; Change receipts when connecing ovum paper, the quires changing receipts on the same day be put in same larva box (incubator box), allow ovum naturally hatch.Within about 7 ~ 10 days, all can hatch larva, then ovum paper be extracted out one by one and shake off larva, be allowed to condition at incubator box continued growth and grow, enter the feeding and management phase of larva.
Management points for attention: forbid that non-breeding personnel enter feeding room, as entered, sterilizing should carried out outdoors.Barley worm is in feeding process, and cockroach, ant, mouse etc. can strive food feed with barley worm, polypide of also biting.Indoor forbid to place the agricultural chemicals medicine large with other peculiar smell, the feed of moldy metamorphism of also not feeding.Dead worm corpse should be removed in time, cause epidemic disease to occur in order to avoid go rotten to go bad.Forbid to have in ponding or feed dish in feed have the globule.
The control of step 6, the insect pest of barley parasitosis:
(1) kill each other; Main manifestations is that adult eats ovum, stings food larva and pupa, and high instar larvae stings the phenomenon of food low instar larvae or pupa.Worm amount is produced in autotomy impact, and this phenomenon is multiple, and to be born in stocking density too high, and particularly adult and larva different larval instar are raised together with even more serious.Prevention and treatment method: generally will provide sufficient nutrition, especially will have sufficient moisture supply in feed.Breed in grades, makes body size consistent.Picking out of bucket is stung by missing potter.Reduce stocking density
(2) bacteriological infection; Dead polypide stands intact, and body surface turns black, and just dead polypide mouth end and anus have wheat bran to wrap up adhesion, have mucus, like suppurating.Light symptoms shows as, and rolls about at feed surface, and belly is curved greatly, from pupate before bending different, note difference.Be mainly bacteriological infection.Prevention and treatment method: once morbidity, clear up dead worm, sick worm.Reduce or stop feeding green vegetables feed.Change dry feed.To blow in ventilation humidity discharging.Pasteurised completely.Available 0.25 gram of terramycin is mixed 250 grams of wheat bran and is thrown something and fed, and also can throw something and feed with orfloxacin, glucose spice;
(3) acarid is sick; Sick worm main manifestations for blackout is withered or the normal N/D again of color, but picks up its body gently, then rupture.Reason is the acarid amount reproduction in feed, and mites infest is softer and hold pregnable position in barley worm foot etc., and make it that ulcer occur, final internal is festered, dead.Prevention and controls: take to select healthy kind worm, bait process, pharmacotherapy, the measures such as sterilize in place, trapping acarid.
Barley worm batch production large-scale production technical parameter
Barley worm each worm state thermophilic is 20 ~ 32 DEG C, relative moisture 60% ~ 75%.13 DEG C is movable taking food, but metabolic process is slow; When 25 DEG C ~ 32 DEG C, appetite increases, movable enhancing.Lower than 0 DEG C or higher than 35 DEG C then have freezed to death or heat is dead may.Humidity cross up to 85% ~ 90% time, barley worm larva is easily dead; Humidity lower than 50% time, barley worm egg laying amount subtracts greatly.At 26 DEG C ~ 32 DEG C, Adult worms producting eggs is maximum, and every adult is the highest can lay eggs about 1000, and quality is also high, lay eggs for 19 ~ 25 DEG C and only have about 500, about 150 are only had, lower than 14 DEG C of little mate and oviposits, lower than 10 DEG C of not mate and oviposits lower than 15 ~ 18 DEG C.The brooding time of barley worm's ovum has very big-difference with temperature height.Larva pupates through casting off a skin, and time in pupa time length also has different with temperature height.Answer attentional manipulation niche in barley worm feeding process, keep adapt circumstance temperature, humidity and density, temperature adjustment control will be taked if desired to wet density measure to control niche well.
Last it is noted that above embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention, be not intended to limit; Although with reference to previous embodiment to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the art should be appreciated that it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein portion of techniques feature; And these amendments or replacement, do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution depart from the spirit and scope of various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme.
Claims (1)
1. a cultural method for barley worm, is characterized in that it is cultivated by following steps:
The selection of step one, kind worm; When selecting worm kind, preferably buying the worm kind that specialized department cultivates or cultivates voluntarily, often supporting for 2 ~ 3 generations later and changing 1 worm kind.Introduce a fine variety and can draw into instar larvae, pupa, adult, but to draw into instar larvae for the best, transport also facilitates.
The selection in step 2, raising place; Cultivation barley worm can make full use of unused building.Place should be selected in leeward on the sunny side, ventilates, environment quiet, away from the place in highway and chemical plant, the quiet environment in adaptation rural area; The size of feeding room, by its cultivation barley worm number determine.
The selection of step 3, feeding facility; The feeding facility of barley worm mainly contains: (1) rearing tray, (2) raise frame, (3) ovigerous disk, (4) bolter, (5) other equipment: thermometer and moisture meter, old newspaper or blank sheet of paper (making ovum card during Adult worms producting eggs), plastic basin, sprayer or watering pot, tweezers, magnifying glass, whiskbroom etc.;
The selection of step 4, feed for nursing and formula; Barley worm common feedstuffs has following several large class: (1) wheat bran rice bran class, (2) green goods, (3) agricultural crop straw, chaff powder biological feedstuff class, (4) high-quality fine fodder class.In a word, barley worm feed should be varied, and energy, protein, vitamin and moisture want sufficient;
Terramycin, trace element, powdered glucose and royal jelly etc. can be added if desired, to improve barley worm premunition, purification and rejuvenation population, accelerate flourish.In feed, water content remains on 15% ~ 18%, if humidity is excessive, fecal pollution in addition, easily makes polypide ill.Feed is fresh, not mould not rotten, and feed is kept uniform temperature, avoids barley worm to eat cool feed;
The feed formula of larva: wheat bran 35%, middle pig complete feed (or large duck complete feed) 35%, soya-bean cake 10%, system chaff after fermentation or stalk 20%, add feeding B B-complex (Kinsey dimension) 50 grams in addition, pig premix (one hundred days are delivered for sale) 80 grams, feeding salt-mixture 250 grams;
The formula of adult: wheat bran 50%, fish meal 4%, middle pig complete feed (or large duck complete feed) 15%, the stalk of fermentation or system chaff 26%, sugar 4%, salt-mixture 1%.Add feeding B B-complex (Kinsey dimension) 50 grams in addition, pig premix (one hundred days are delivered for sale) 80 grams, feeding salt-mixture 250 grams.This formula is applicable to the adult in egg-laying period, can extend Life of Adult, improves egg laying amount.
The management process of step 5, raising; (1) feeding and management of larva; The raising of larva refer to from hatch larva to larvae pupation during this period of time, generally at 60 days, raise in incubator box and rearing tray.According to larva different growing stages, larva being divided into four steps, is the larvae phase respectively, the small grub phase, larva mid-term and larva later stage, and what different step was applied jigs difference, and the feed of throwing something and feeding is also different.
(2) feeding and management of pupa; Mature larvae looks about suitable place and pupates before pupating, and the insect skin shine that pupate is poor, and the bodily form is slightly aobvious heavy, also not too likes dynamic.Many throwings cobalt blue pigment when larvae pupation, is conducive to pupating and emergence after pupa.For avoiding pupa to be bitten by other larva, every day will pick pupa in another box in time, then sprinkles one deck fine fodder, is advisable not cover pupal cell, avoids larva to bite pupa, keeps temperature and gas exchanges.
(3) feeding and management of adult; The object of raising adult makes it produce a large amount of worm's ovums.The ratio of throwing in female male imago is 1: 1.Before input adult, first rearing tray or connect ovum dish on case heelpiece, then connect ovum paper on dish one, upper berth, adult density is 1000 ~ 1200/m
2.The feed that in case, layer overlay 1cm is thick, produces in feed so that adult produces ovum to be unlikely on paper.After adult eclosion 6 ~ 11 days start to lay eggs, and be barley worm spawning period in 2 months after pupa turns into adult, during this period, adult is constantly taken food and lays eggs, so will note strengthening nutrition and management, to improve egg laying amount, extend the egg-laying period, feed 1 ~ 2 every day.
(4) feeding and management of ovum phase; Change receipts when connecing ovum paper, the quires changing receipts on the same day be put in same larva box (incubator box), allow ovum naturally hatch.Within about 7 ~ 10 days, all can hatch larva, then ovum paper be extracted out one by one and shake off larva, be allowed to condition at incubator box continued growth and grow, enter the feeding and management phase of larva.
The control of step 6, the insect pest of barley parasitosis; (1) kill each other; (2) bacteriological infection; (3) acarid is sick.
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| CN115804364A (en) * | 2022-12-07 | 2023-03-17 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Method for breeding hermetia illucens |
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